I  I  r  ■  >  p*      ■   "^^ 


:^^ 


IIahhikt  Wainwhioht  Fiuexu. 


(j^u  /  -  'U^/ '  w.'i^  - 


'O  -  , 


viR(;iLs  .Lxi: II), 


TRANSLATF.n    LITKRALLV.     LINT:    l:V    LINIi,    INTO 


HNGLlSll  DACTYLIC  lll-..\A.\Ii;Ti;k, 


BY 


REV.  OLIVKK  CRAM.   ! ).  O.. 

Corporate  Msmber  of  the  American  Oriental  Sjciety. 


••  Per  Arilcntcni  sine  fraude  Trojam 

CastUs  /Encos  patrix  supcrstcs 
Lihcrum  muni\nt  iter,  daturus 

Flura  rclictia." 

//orace,  Carmrm  Situlart,  41-44. 


\  F.  W     N*  O  R  K  : 
THK  DAKER  .V  TAYLOR  CO., 

740  AND  742   BRtiADWAY. 
18S8. 


REPLACmC 


CoPYRir.HT   1887, 
BY 

Rev.  Oliver  Crane,  D.  D. 


1.  .  .  *.  ;  .  •  •    . ,     .   t . 


PRESS  OF 

Jenkins  &  McCowan, 
224-228  Centre  St. 


p^ 


I  < 


PRHFACE. 


It  is  a  singular  fact  in  the  history  of  EngHsh  Literature,  that 
the  first  book  printed  in  the  English  language  was  a  **  History  of  Troy," 
drawn  mainly  from  the  /Eneid  of  Virgil,  written  first  in  French  by  Raoul 
le  Feure,  the  Chaplain  of  Philip,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  and,  at  the  command 
of  the  Duke,  translated  from  the  French,  and  printed  as  his  first  book,  by 
William  Caxton,  the  introducer  of  printing  into  England.  Respecting 
this  somewhat  celebrated  **  first  book."  Caxton,  in  its  title,  says  : 
"  Whiche  sayd  translacion  and  wcrke  was  begonne  in  Hrugis  in  the 
contree  of  Flaunders,  the  fyrst  day  of  Marche,  the  yeare  of  the  Incarnacion 
of  our  said  Lord,  a  thousand  four  hondred  sixty  and  eight,  and  ended  and 
fynyshed  in  the  holy  cyte  of  Colcn  the  xix  day  of  Septembre,  the  yeare 
of  our  sayd  Lord  God,  a  thousand  four  hondred  and  enleven  '  (1471). 
The  reason  for  such  command  to  print  it.  is  stated  in  the  Biographia 
Britannica  to  be,  *'  possibly  to  gratify  the  disposition  there  was  at  the 
time,  in  the  English  or  British  nation,  to  derive  their  original  from  Brutus 
and  his  Trojans."  Subsequently  Caxton  issued  "  The  Boke  of  Enydos  ; 
compyled  by  Vyrgyle;  which  haih  be  translated  oute  of  Latine  into 
Frenchc,  and  oute  of  Frenche.  reduced  into  Englyeshe,  by  me,  William 
Caxton,  the  22d  day  of  Juyn,  the  yere  of  our  Lord  1490."  This,  though  of 
inferior  literary  merit,  w.is,  however,  well  received,  as  being  the  first 
recognized  translation  into  English  of  any  part  of  the  /Eneid.  "The 
Hystory,  Siege,  and  Dystruccyon  of  Troye,"  written  by  the  monk, 
John  Lydgate,  about    the  year   1430,  but  not  printed    until    i  513,  hardly 


lU 


ivil880<i5 


iv  PREFACE.' 


deserves  mention  in  this  connection,  for  it  was  in  no  sense  a  translation 
of  the  jEneid  ;  although  its  fine  descriptions  of  rural  scenery,  and  vivid 
portrayals  of  combats,  as  well  as  noble  sentiments,  made  it  popular  at 
the  time,  though  variously  estimated  by  critics. 

But  the  honor  of  the  first  poetical  version,  in  English,  of  the  vEneid 
at  all  worthy  the  name  must  be  accorded  to  Gawin  Douglas,  bishop  of 
Dunkeld,  Scotland,  issued  in  1553.  This  was,  as  it  professed  to  be,  a 
fairly  close,  and  certainly  spirited,  rendering  of  the  original,  of  the  entire 
^neid  not  only,  but  of  the  so-called  13th  Book,  added  by  Maphaeus 
Vegius;  but,  while  regarded  as  English,  it  is  in  the  broad  Scotch  dialect, 
scarcely  intelligible  now  to  those  familiar  only  with  modern  English.  Its 
literary  excellence  was  evinced  by  its  winning  its  way  to  popularity  at 
once,  and  retaining  it  during  that  and  the  succeeding  century,  notwith- 
standing its  dialectic  peculiarities,  and  the  appearance  of  other  and  ver- 
nacular versions. 

The  second  noteworthy  attempt  at  a  metrical  version  in  English  of 
any  part  of  the  ^neid  was  in  1557,  by  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey, 
who  translated  the  2d  and  4th  Books  into  blank  verse,  a  meter  invented 
by  himself,  but  which  has  since  taken  such  high  rank  in  English  versifica- 
tion. This  was  a  work  of  much  literary  ability  ;  but  unfortunately  his 
public  duties  prevented  him  from  carrying  it  to  completion.  It  is  still 
by  many  highly  prized  for  its  closeness  to  the  original,  being  a  line  by 
line  translation,  and  for  its  vigorous  and  pure  English  diction. 

The  next  poetic  version  in  English  was  that  by  Thomas  Phaer,  of 
the  first  seven  Books,  issued  the  following  year,  1558,  in  an  entirely 
different,  though  analogous,  meter,  which  speedily  became  popular,  and 
was  adopted  by  George  Chapman  in  his  celebrated  translation  of  Homer's 
Iliad  issued  in  1596.  Encouraged  by  the  favorable  reception  of  his  work, 
Phaer  applied  himself  to  its  completion;  but  he  was  able  to  carry  it  only 
as  far  as  to  "  the  first  third  of  the  loth  Book,"  when  death  interrupted 
his  labors.  It  was,  however,  subsequently  taken  up  and  completed,  in  the 
same  style  and  meter,  by  Thomas  Twyne,  M.  D.,  including  the  Vegian 
addition,    now   no    longer   admitted  as    worthy  a  place    by  the    side  of 


rUEFACK.  V 

Virjijirs  inimitable  epic.  Numerous  editions  of  Phaer's  translation  were 
issued,  and  its  fulelity  and  smooth  versification  give  it  still  a  high  stand- 
ing in  tlic  estimate  of  scholars. 

Hut  that  was  a  transitional  period,  as  well  in  its  jxietry  as  in  the 
English  language  itself ;  and  poets  seem,  both  in  originals  and  in  trans- 
lations, to  have  invented,  or  adapted,  forms  of  verse  to  suit  their  own 
tastes;  but.  following  in  the  wake  of  Chaucer,  all  hitherto  apjxrar  to  have 
adopted  the  iambic  verse,  as  was  the  casein  each  of  the  above-mentioned 
versions  of  the  ^Kneid.each  being  different  from  the  others,  but  all  iambic 
in  structure.  But  now  came  of  a  sudden  a  signal  innovation,  not  indeed 
in  classic,  but  in  traditional  usage.  Scarcely  a  decade  had  passed,  since 
the  issue  of  Phaer's  and  Twync's  completed  version,  when  there  appeared 
a  work  which  was  destined  to  a  notoriety  far  beyond  the  innovator's 
anticipations  ;  and  which  at  once  became  the  target,  rightly  or  wrongly, 
on  which  critics,  with  remarkable  persistency,  seemed  to  regard  them- 
selves at  liberty  to  practice  their  kconest  archery.  It  was  on  the  20th  of 
June,  1582,  as  stated  by  himself,  that  Richard  Stanyhurst  published '*  The 
first  four  Bookes  of  Virgil's  yEneis,  translated  into  English  historicall 
verse, "  a  singular  combination  of  pentameter  and  hexameter,  usually, 
however,  classed  with  the  latter.  This  was  a  venture  in  disregard  of 
already  established  meters,  which,  while  it  proved  a  puzzle  to  the  critics, 
leaving  them  in  doubt,  from  its  peculiarities,  as  to  whether  it  was  intended 
as  a  burlesque,  or  an  honest  effort  at  a  literal  rendering  of  the  classic 
poet's  verse  in  its  original  measure,  evoked  a  general  onslaught  of  unspar- 
ing, almost  savage,  criticism,  which,  for  persistency,  and  evident  intent 
at  annihilating  its  object,  has  rarely  been  paralleled  in  literature.  Ten 
years  after  its  publication,  Thomas  Nash — no  slight  critic  in  his  day — 
thus  opens  the  assault  :  **  Mr.  Stanyhurst,  though  otherwise  learned, 
trod  a  foul,  lumbering,  boisterous,  wallowing  measure  in  his  translation 
of  Virgil."  One  hundred  years  later,  Thomas  Warton,  in  his  History  of 
English  Poetry,  echoing  the  same  note,  writes  :  '*  In  his  choice  of 
measure,  he  (Stanyhurst)  is  more  unfortunate  than  his  predecessors,  and 
in  other  respects  succeeded  worse."     /\  hundred  >ears  or  more  still  later. 


VI  PREFACE. 

Robert  Southey,  the  poet — wedded,  as  were  all  the  poets  and  critics  of 
his  day,  to  iambics,  as  if  intent  on  squelching  him  as  a  pest — asserts:  "As 
Chaucer  has  been  called  the  well  of  English  undefiled,  so  might  Stany- 
hurst  be  denominated  the  common  sewer  of  the  language."     Poor  Stany- 
hurst  !      How    little     he     realized    the    odium    which    the     seemingly 
unwarranted  temerity  of  his  innovation  would,  for  fully  two  hundred  years, 
evoke.     Nor  is  the  ban,  imposed  so  long  ago  upon  the  effort  to  revive  a 
classic  meter,  even  yet  wholly  lifted.     Its  practicability,  and  advisability, 
have  been  again  and  again  discussed,  and  that  by  some  of  the  ablest  schol- 
ars, but  with  usually  an  adverse  verdict.     The  poet-artist  C.  P.  Cranch,  in 
the  Preface  to  his  admirable  blank-verse  version  of  the  ^neid,  issued  1872, 
covers  almost  two  pages  in  canvassing   this  much-debated  question  of 
translating  the  classic  epics  of  Greece  and  Rome  in  what  he  styles  "  these 
quaint   and  trailing    six-footers ; "  and   closes   with    the   remark  :   "  The 
difficulty  of  sustaining  to  the  end,  in    hexameter,  a  poem   so   varied  in 
thought  and    action  as  the  ^neid,  is  a   consideration  which   might  well 
make  the  most  gifted  rhythmical  artist  shrink  from  the  task  ;  a  task  ten- 
fold greater,  if  it  be  a  main  object  with  him  to  keep  close  to  the  literal 
phrasing  of  the  text."     This  is  simply  a  reiteration  of  an  older  decision, 
many  times  repeated    with  honest  intentions  by  the  masters  of  criticism 
in  the  past.     With    such   reiterated   intimidations,  ancient  and    modern, 
warning   against  it,   it  hardly  need  occasion  wonder  that    not  a  single 
hexametrical  version  of  the  yEneid  (as  far  as  the  writer  is  aware)  exists 
in  the  English  language  ;  and,  if  the  Virgilian   Catalogue  of  the   British 
Museum  may  be  relied  upon  as  a  true  exponent  of  facts  in  the  case,  only 
one   has   ever   been  even  attempted  ;  but  that  one  grappling  with   pre- 
cisely what  the  poet  C.  P.  Cranch  has  signaled  as   so  formidable,  if  not 
impossible,  a  "  task."     In  1865  there  was  published   in  London,  in  small, 
pamphlet-like  form,  an  edition  of  "  The  ^neid  in  English  Hexameters,  by 
W.  Grist,  Head-master  of  Central  Hill  Collegiate  School, Upper  Norwood." 
The  author,  however,  as  if  to  forestall  what  seemed  an  impending  storm 
of  adverse  criticism,  states   distinctly  in    his  Preface,  that  the  task   was 
undertaken  solely  "  to  assist  his  own   pupils  in   the  work  of  translating 


PREFACE.  VI! 

Virpil.  and  in  the  composition  of  Latin  hexameters."     Only  one  Bool-  r.f 
the  /Kncid  in  this  form  was  issued. 

But  why,  it  may  reasonably  be  asked,  such  persistent  disparagement 
of  a  Icpitimatc  meter,  from  the  days  of  Thomas  Nash  down  to  the 
present  time  ;  esjK'cially  when  the  meter  interdicted  as  inadmissible  is 
certainly  within  the  reach  of  the  availabilities  of  the  Knglish  as  well  as 
other  languages,  and  success  in  it,  in  other  lines  of  poetry,  is  already 
marking  the  poetical  achievements  of  the  present  age.  It  is  becoming 
more  than  ever  open  to  grave  doubt  whether  the  disparagement  of  hex- 
ameter, which  has  been  so  long  sanctioned  by  the  dictum  of  the  older 
critics,  is  not  after  all  an  aspersion  on  the  English  tongue  itself,  than 
which  no  modern  language  is  more  pliable;  none  more  capable  of  adapta- 
tion to  all  conceivable  metrical  forms.  The  late  poet-scholar.  Dr.  James 
G.  Percival,  successfully  reproduced  in  Knglish  nearly  every  meter  found 
in  classic  lyric  poetry  ;  and  our  much-lamented  and  universally  honored 
national  poet,  the  late  Professor  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  has  certainly 
shown,  in  his  charming  "  Evangeline,"  and  "  Miles  Standish,"  that  the 
English  is  not  incapable  of  being  harnessed  to  the  classic  hexameter, 
and  triumphantly  achieving  therein  success,  in  a  race  for  popular  favor. 
In  fact.  Longfellow  had,  from  his  own  admirable  translations,  become 
thoroughly  convinced  of  its  utility,  if  not  indispcnsability,  in  giving  the 
classic  epics  a  fitting  setting  in  English.  To  his  friend.  Mr.  Fields,  under 
date  of  April,  1871  (Sec  Century  magazine  for  April,  1886,  page  891),  he 
made  this  emphatic  statement,  embodying  his  own  strong  conviction  : 
*'  To  translate  a  poem  properly,  it  must  be  done  into  the  meter  of  the 
original  ;  and  Bryant's  '  Homer,'  fine  as  it  is,  has  this  great  fault,  that  it 
does  not  give  the  music  of  the  poem  itself."  IV.  Edward  Guest,  in  his 
History  of  English  Rhythms,  in  like  manner  favors  rather  than  discour- 
ages a  similar  correspondence,  in  translations  from  classic  poets  ;  Matthew 
Arnold's  advocacy  of  it  for  like  purposes  needs  simply  a  reference.  The 
nearly  simultaneous  appearance  in  England  of  three  independent  versions 
of  Homer's  Iliad  in  hexameter,  viz.,  by  E.  W.  Simcox  (1865),  by  J.  D. 
Dart  (1865),  and  by  Sir  William  W.  Hcrschcl  (1866),  only  corroborates 


VIU  PREFACE. 

the  estimate  of  Professor  H.  W.  Longfellow,  and  warrants,  if  it  does  not 
encourage,  effort  in  it. 

This  is  a  progressive  age,  welcoming  improvement  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  as  well  as  science  and  industry;  and  the  time  is  fast 
approaching,  if  it  has  not  come  already,  when  disparagement  of  any  justifi- 
able meter,  and  especially  of  one  so  inwoven  with  the  epic  poetry  of  ancient 
times,  but  whose  capabilities  in  modern  languages  are  as  yet  very  far 
from  being  exhausted,  will  no  longer  be  tolerated.  In  German  it  has 
already  become  fully  legitimated  ;  and  why  not  welcome  honest  effort  to 
popularize,  in  English,  a  measure  which  for  ages  was  the  recognized 
voicing  of  the  heroic  Muse,  especially  when  its  rich  cadences,  in  classic 
languages,  have  continued  to  charm  the  ears  of  scholars,  down  through 
all  the  centuries  of  literature  to  the  present  time  .'' 

Objections,  it  is  true,  have  been  raised  against  the  use  of  hexameter 
in  English,  and  it  is  admitted  that  some  of  these  have  pertinence  and 
weight ;  but,  when  the  availabilities  of  the  English  language  are  rightly 
understood  and  utilized,  in  their  proper  adaptations  to  it,  these  are  not 
insuperable,  and  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  put  it  under  a  perpetual  ban. 
The  crucial  objection,  that  hexameter  is  suited  only  to  languages  such 
as  the  Greek  and  Latin,  whose  versification  is  based  on  qua7itity,  and  not 
to  languages  like  the  English,  whose  poetry  is  all  controlled  by  accent, 
is  more  apparent  than  real  ;  because  it  overlooks  the  flexible  nature  of 
hexameter,  and  totally  ignores  the  value  of  accent  as  an  element  of 
power  in  language.  It  regards  the  variable  cadence,  made  by  the  classic 
poets  in  their  versificational  collocationof  consonants  and  vowels,  as  abso- 
lutely essential  to  hexametrical  rhythm  :  whereas  the  exquisite  charm  of 
duly  collocated  accentuated  words  in  verse  is  what  constitutes  one  of 
the  prime  excellencies  of  the  English,  as  a  language  rich  in  poetry  and 
song.  To  render  hexameter  as  available  as  iambic  in  English,  the  fact 
must  be  accepted  that  accent  is  a  ruling  factor  in  its  versification;  and  the 
attempt  to  compel  the  ear,  as  has  been  perhaps  too  much  the  case  in 
its  use,  to  ignore  its  own  culture,  and  shift  accent  to  suit  the  poet's  arbi- 
trary arrangement  in  his  verse,  must  end  in  failure.     In  hexameter,  as  in 


I'KKKACE.  IX 

all  other  meters,  timt  is  to  be  considered  :  and.  as  in  music,  so  in  prosotly, 
the  rhythm  is  marred  at  once,  if  cadence  docs  not  distinctly  indicate  its 
measure.  The  classic  poets  fully  understood  this,  and  secured  their 
rhythm  by  variableness  in  accent  and  fixedness  in  quantity.  Their  ca- 
dences were  a  prosodical  sacrifice  of  accent  to  rhythm.  Mcncc,  in  reading 
their  own  poetry,  they  literally  sang-  or  chanted  it,  giving  to  each  syllable 
a  distinct  ictus,  or  beat  of  the  hand  or  foot,  in  keeping  time.  In  fact, 
Virgil  very  plainly  intimates  this  in  his  description  of  the  combined 
music  and  song  of  Orpheus,  in  the  /Eneid,  Book  vi,  644-647  :  while  of 
Virgil's  own  reading,  Professor  H.  Nettleship  remarks:  "  Though  slow  in 
conversation,  Virgil  was  a  beautiful  reader.  His  manner  of  recitation  is 
said  to  have  been  sweet  and  wonderfully  attractive  ;  so  much  so,  that  a 
contemporary  poet,  Julius  Montanus,  said  that  verses,  which  in  them- 
selves seemed  flat  and  dumb,  sounded  well  when  he  read  them  ;  such  was 
the  charm  of  his  voice,  pronunciation  and  gestures.  We  know  how 
Octavia  was  affected  by  his  reading  of  the  lines  about  Marcellus."  His 
reading  was  in  strict  accordance  with  the  established  rules  of  Latin 
prosody,  which  made  quantity,  and  not  accent,  the  basis  of  emphatic  into- 
nation, and  gave  it  such  a  charm  to  the  ears  of  those  to  whom  the 
Latin  language  was  vernacular.  Now  let  accent,  in  the  same  way,  be  al- 
lowed its  full  force  and  time,  and  not  be  arbitrarily  imposed  on  syllables 
where  it  does  not  naturally  belong,  and  at  once  the  ear.  trained  to  the  use 
of  an  accentual  language,  in  the  same  manner  not  only  detects,  but  accepts 
the  eflect  produced,  as  agreeable.  If  accent  be  a  legitimate  factor  in 
Knglish  versification,  let  it  be  recognized  ;  and  then,  with  a  strict  adher- 
ence to  it,  and  a  due  regard  to  vowel  and  consonant  in  the  collocation 
of  words,  there  is  no  valid  reason  why  he.xameter  may  not  become 
equally  naturalized  in  English  as  in  German.  A  heavier  tax.  it  is  true, 
may  thus  be  laid  upon  those  who  essay  it  with  these  restrictions  ;  but  it 
does  not  follow  that  because  the  true  ideal  in  it  has  often  failed  to  be 
reached,  therefore  hexameter,  as  a  meter,  is  to  be  ostracized  as  totally 
unsuited  to  naturalization  in  the  Knglish  language. 

But  closely  allied  is  another  objection,  and  by  some  considered  still 


X  PREFACE. 

more  formidable,  viz.,  that  a  lack  of  spondaic  words  in  English  precludes 
success  in  the  use  of  hexameter  in  it,  at  least  to  the  extent  achieved  in 
the  polysyllabic  Latin  and  Greek.  This,  too,  is  more  ideal  than  real,  for 
it  overlooks  an  important  fact  in  classic  poetry  ;  for  it  assumes  the  neces- 
sity of  a  preponderance  of  spondees  over  dactyls  for  the  perfection  of 
hexametrical  rhythm  :  whereas  the  preponderance  of  either  of  these  fac- 
tors was  a  simple  linguistic  necessity,  recognized  distinctly  by  the  classic 
poets  themselves.  The  versatility  of  the  Greek,  notwithstanding  its 
grammatical  restrictions,  gave  the  poets  in  it  a  wider  range  of  choice  in 
the  structure  of  their  meters  than  did  the  more  stable  Latin.  In  the 
latter,  the  very  ponderousness  of  its  words,  and  the  unwieldy  nature  of 
its  verbal  suffixes  in  declensions,  not  only  admitted,  but  necessitated, 
a  larger  spondaic  element  in  all  the  forms  of  its  poetry,  than  in  the  more 
facile  Greek,  or  in  the  notably  less  hampered  modern  languages.  The 
Homeric  hexameter  is  essentially  dactylic,  while  the  Virgilian,  especially 
■in  the  JEnt'id,  is  spondaic.  Virgil  rarely  admits  a  pure  dactylic  line  ;  and 
when  he  does,  it  is  evidently  with  studied  effort  for  a  specific  effect,  as  in 
his  well-known  lines  in  Books  viii,  596,  and  xi,  874  :  while  Homer,  par- 
ticularly in  the  Iliad,  gives  freer  rein  to  his  choice  ;  and  both — when 
sprightliness  and  spirited  action  invite  it,  as  in  the  rush  of  thought  in  stir- 
ring descriptions — avail  themselves  of  the  dactylic  movement  as  an 
element  of  life.  But  even  in  the  ordinary  run  of  their  respective  rhythms 
Homer's  verse  is  in  a  more  dactylic  mold  than  Virgil's,  and  evidently 
from  the  necessities  of  their  medium  of  thought. 

Hence  Professor  T.  L.  Papillon,  in  his  admirably  discriminate  discussion 
of  "  The  Virgilian  Hexameter,"  in  the  Preface  to  his  valuable  edition  of 
Virgil's  Works,  concludes  :  "  It  thus  seems  that  Virgil,  in  adapting  the 
Homeric  hexameter  to  the  Latin  language,  realized  that  the  dactylic 
rhythm  must  be  modified  by  a  large  admixture  of  'spondei  stabiles,'  as 
Horace  calls  them  (.'\.  P.  256).  A  considerable  majority  of  his  verses 
have  at  least  three  spondees  (including  the  last  foot)  ;  and  the  proportion 
of  fifteen  such  lines  in  yEneid  i,  i-io  to  nine  in  Iliad  i,  i-O,  may  be 
taken    as   a   rough    measure  of  the  extent  to  which   he  carried  out  this 


PREFACE.  X! 

modification  of  Homeric  rhythm.  A  spondee  in  the  fir^t  foot,  contained 
in  a  single  word  and  followed  by  a  pause  in  sense,  is  almost  the  only  cir- 
cumstance under  which  he  seems  to  shrink  from  spondaic  rhythm  in  the 
first  four  feet  :  and  the  somewhat  slow  and  ponderous  movement  thus 
tjiven  to  the  verse  at  starting  is  reserved,  as  a  rule,  for  the  special  expres- 
sion of  solemnity  or  emotion." 

The  twofold  nature  of  the  hexamctric  foot,  therefore,  was  not  only 
fully  understood,  but  its  availabilities  laid  hold  of  and  utilized  by  the 
classic  poets,  in  its  adaptive  use  in  their  respective  languages.  Some  of 
them  indeed,  notably  luinius.  and  after  him  Lucretius  and  Catullus,  the 
latter  two  less  glaringly,  failed  to  discriminate,  as  fully  as  did  Virgil,  the 
necessity  of  adaptation,  in  their  adoption  of  the  Homeric  meter  ;  and,  in 
their  efforts  to  reproduce  in  Latin  his  dactylic  measure,  were  compelled 
to  have  recourse  to  archaisms  and  strained  forms  of  expression  which 
grated  harshly  on  Latin  ears,  and  made  their  i>octry  less  grateful  than 
Virgil's.  To  modern  ears  the  spondee,  in  spite  of  the  rich  cadences  of 
Virgil's  rhythm,  is  heavy  ;  and  its  preponderance,  in  an  extended  f)ocm, 
becomes  monotonous  :  and  hence  the  so  often  reiterated  exception  taken 
to  imitative  hexameter.  The  transfusion  of  the  spondee-element  has 
overloaded  the  verse  ;  and  very  naturally  hexametrical  translations  have 
been,  as  already  intimated,  condemned  as  inadmissible,  on  the  same 
score  as  were  the  poems  of  Knnius,  because  of  their  evidently  exotic 
model  in  too  close  imitation.  To  modern  ears  the  rhythm  of  smoothly 
flowing  dactylic  movement  is  pleasing  rather  than  repulsive,  as  infusing 
life  by  the  very  sound  of  its  recurring  cadences  ;  and  when  just  enough 
of  the  spondcc-elcmcnt  is  admitted  to  relieve  monotonw  the  objection 
as  to  the  heaviness  of  hexameter  vanishes. 

Accordingly  there  can  be  no  valid  reason  drawn  from  the  meter 
itself,  or  from  the  demands  of  the  epic  Muse,  or  from  modern  taste,  for 
insisting  on  a  predominance  of  the  spondaic  over  the  dactylic  element  in 
hexameter,  especially  in  Knglish,  in  which  monosyllabic  words,  derived 
mostly  from  the  old  Saxon,  so  profusely  abound  ;  whilst  the  fact  that  the 
English  does  not  admit  of  the  syllabic  endings  in  declensions  of  nouns. 


XU  PREFACE. 

and  but  sparingly  in  verbs,  which  constitute  so  prominent  a  feature  of 
the  classic  languages,  becomes  an  additional  reason  for  a  larger  freedom 
in  hexameter  than  has  usually  been  accorded. 

Its  management,  especially  in  a  linear  version  of  so  extended  and 
varied  a  poem  as  the  ^neid,  is  indeed  a  formidable  task  ;  but  the  large 
infusion  into  English  of  Latin  and  Greek  and  polysyllabic  words,  which, 
having  become  incorporated  in  the  language,  are  tacitly  available,  renders 
the  work  of  accommodation  in  it  less  difficult  ;  while  it  largely  compensates 
for  what  some  have  deemed  a  defect  in  English,  its  paucity  of  inflections, 
save  in  well-nigh  obsolete  archaismal  endings.  But  with  all  the  draw- 
backs incident  to  its  attempted  naturalization  in  modern  tongues,  hex- 
ameter is  too  grand,  and  withal  too  ancient,  a  measure  to  be  utterly  dis- 
carded :  and,  while  perfection  in  its  difficult  versification  can  at  best  be 
but  proximate,  honest  endeavor  to  realize  the  poet  Longfellow's  ideal  of 
translations,  and  his  own  personal  effort  to  popularize  it,  is  at  least 
admissible  :  and,  although  classic  models  in  their  own  languages  are 
indisputable,  yet  rigidness  in  the  application  to  modern  languages,  and 
especially  to  the  English,  of  rules  originally  made  for  the  availabilities 
and  necessities  of  languages  entirely  different  in  their  structural  apti- 
tudes, savors  perhaps  too  much  of  literary  ostracism,  and  ill  comports 
with  modern  evolutionary  progress. 

No  man  better  understood  this  than  did  the  poet  Longfellow,  whose 
professional  studies  led  him  to  a  very  thorough  analysis  of  the  elements 
and  affinities  of  the  flexible  modern,  as  compared  with  the  less  flexible 
ancient  languages.  Hence,  in  his  adoption  of  the  epic  meter  of  the 
classic  poets  in  one  of  his  longest  and  most  finished  poems,  he  deliberate- 
ly set  aside,  as  incongruities,  the  hitherto  rigidly  applied  canons  of  the 
classic  verse,  and  determined  to  adapt  a  meter,  rich  in  rhythm  and 
varied  in  cadences,  to  the  accentual  and  uninflectional  requirements  of 
the  English  tongue.  Thomas  Davidson,  in  his  sketch  of  the  Life  and 
Writings  of  Prof  H.  W.  Longfellow,  in  the  9th  edition  of  the  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica  (Vol  XIV.,  p.  86i),discriminatcly  notes  this  as  a  special 
characteristic  of  the  Evangeline  meter.     "Though  written,"  he  remarks. 


PREFACE.  XIII 

"in  a  metre  deemed  foreign  to  Enplish  cars,  the  poem  immediately  at- 
tained a  wide  popularity,  which  it  has  never  lost,  and  secured  to  the 
dactylic  hexameter  a  recognized  pl.ice  among  English  metres."  Hex- 
ameter in  Knglish  can  be  popularized  only  as  Longfellow  has  done  it. 
viz.,  by  subordinating  the  spondaic  to  the  dactylic  element,  and  not.  as 
had  been  previously  regarded  essential  in  it,  by  strictly  enforcing  the  ex- 
actions of  a  prosody  based  solely  on  quantity,  but  by  bringing  it  into 
rhythmic  conformity  to  the  rules  of  structure  and  accent  to  which  the 
langua;?e  itself  is  subject. 

In  the  version  here  attempted,  a  latitude,  both  in  the  scope  and 
structure,  but  not  in  the  rhythm,  has  been  designedly  taken  :  but,  in  order 
more  feasibly  to  secure  the  requisite  supply  of  spondees  in  a  linear 
rendering — for  the  spondaic  element  is  not  to  be  discarded — the  Latin 
forms  of  proper  names  occurring  have  been  uniformly  retained.  No 
violence  surely  can  be  considered  done  to  modern  nomenclature  ;  for  no 
classic  scholar  can  be  offended  by  their  retention  :  whilst  uniformity  of 
adherence  to  them  throughout  the  work  must  familiarize  the  mere  Eng- 
lish reader  sufficiently  to  prevent  misapprehension.  For  obvious  reasons 
also — exactness  and  fidelity,  if  no  other — the  synonyms,  used  by  Virgil 
himself  to  designate  prominent  nationalities,  have  been  scrupulously 
retained  in  the  version  ;  e.  g..  Danai  (or  Danaans),  Achaians,  Argives, 
Lacedemonians,  Pelasgians.  and  Grecians  for  the  Greeks ;  and  Teucrans, 
Dardans  (or  sons  of  Dardanus),  Dardanians,  Phrygians,  Laomedons, 
itneans,  etc.,  for  Trojans.  The  use  of  these  by  the  poet  was  undoubtedly 
intentional,  to  avoid  tautology,  or  to  give  a  pleasing  variety  :  and  they 
are  themselves  evidence  of  his  adaptive  skill.  They  are  retained,  there- 
fore, not  merely  because  they  facilitate  metrical  adaptation,  but  because 
they  allow  the  reader  to  see  just  what  terms  Virgil  did  use.  which,  being 
ignored  by  some  translators,  and  accounted  e.xcrescences  or  redundancies 
by  others,  have  been  recklessly  sacrificed,  even  by  some  of  the  best  com- 
mentators of  the  ylineid.  If  Virgil's  versatility  of  expression  is  to  be 
appreciated,  and  his  exceeding  exuberance  of  diction  be  regarded  of  any 
value,  the  retention  of  these  is  a  necessity  absolute.     The  same  is  true 


XIV  PREFACE. 

of  Virgil's  well-known  habit,  studiously  sustained,  of  repeating  the  same 
or  analogous  ideas  in  varied  forms  of  expression,  .would  be  shorn  of  its 
charm — for  charm  it  certainly  is — if  their  peculiar  phraseology  were  dis- 
regarded, and  mere  generalities  substituted  in  their  stead.  It  constitutes, 
in  fact,  one  of  Virgil's  special  excellencies  as  a  poet-scholar,  showing  a 
very  remarkable  acquaintance  with  the  nice  distinctions  of  Latin  syno- 
nyms :  and  yet  a  strictly  literal  reproduction  of  these  so  constantly 
recurring  terms  is  one  of  the  most  formidable  of  all  the  difficulties  with 
which  a  critical  translator  of  the  ^Eneid,  whether  in  prose  or  verse,  has 
to  contend  :  yet,  if  these  are  left  out,  or  undiscriminated,  much  of  the 
rich  aroma  of  his  style  would  be  lost  ;  for  Virgil,  as  a  poet,  is  exceed- 
ingly choice  in  the  use  of  his  words,  every  one  seeming  to  have  been 
chosen  with  the  utmost  nicety  of  taste,  and  regard  for  adaptation.  To 
overlook  his  precision  in  these,  therefore,  were  to  mar  the  beauty  of  the 
word-picturing,  in  which  he  so  preeminently,  as  a  poet-artist,  excels. 
It  is  these  little  gems  of  expression,  by  which  a  word  often  starts  a 
beautiful  image  or  analogy,  that  are  so  missed  by  those  familiar  with  the 
original,  in  what  were  otherwise  excellent  versions.  Poetic  words  are  often 
just  as  precious  as  poetic  thoughts,  or  poetic  similes  ;  for  they  are  an  essen- 
tial part  of  the  poet's  art.  Hence  it  has  been  a  constant  aim  in  the  pres- 
ent version  to  preserve,  as  far  as  practicable,  these  word-pictures,  as  well 
as  the  nice  distinctions  in  the  frequently  recurring  synonymous  terms, 
where  the  English  would  admit  ;  but  where  it  failed  to  supply  exact 
correspondences  of  words,  equivalents  have  been  employed. 

As  regards  the  ^NEID,  the  mere  fact  that  it  rose  to  the  dignity  of 
a  classic  so  soon  after  the  poet's  death,  and  has  maintained  its  position 
as  such  among  scholars  of  all  the  civilized  nations  of  Europe  during  all 
the  past  Christian  centuries,  certainly  entitles  it  to  a  very  high  rank  as  a 
work  of  poetic  art.  Probably  the  works  of  no  classic  author — not  even 
excepting  the  immortal  Homer — have  had  so  many  and  such  extended 
commentaries  written  on  them  as  the  works  of  Virgil.  The  Virgilian 
catalogue  of  the  British  Museum  covers  seventy-four  folio  pages,  and  has 


PREFACE.  XV 

references  to  upwards  of  12 50  editions  contained  In  the  Library,  and 
llicse  by  no  means  comprise  all  that  have  ever  been  issued  of  Vir^jilian 
htcraturc.  Many  of  these  issues,  it  will  be  remembered,  consist  of  several, 
and  some  of  them  very  hujje  volumes.  The  writer  has  one  larjjc  folio 
volume,  dated  158O.  and  containinj^  the  combined  commentaries  of  Dona- 
tus  and  Scrvius,  in  2,220  closely  printed  pages  ;  and  another,  the  compila- 
tion of  Burmanus,  of  2,680  pages,  in  four  quarto  volumes,  and  others 
almost  equally  voluminous.  In  fact  Virgilian  literature  would  make  a 
library  of  no  slight  dimensions  of  itself,  a  testimony  accorded  to  few 
authors,  in  like  decisive  expression,  of  any  age.  The  /Hneid  was  Virgil's 
greatest  work,  the  one  on  which  his  fame  as  a  }X)et  has  mainly  rested, 
and  will  rest  for  all  coming  time.  It  has  stood,  with  the  Iliad  of  Homer, 
in  undisputed  preeminence  at  the  head  of  epic  poems  in  any  language, 
ancient  or  modern.  The  more  closely  it  is  studied,  the  more  deeply  will 
the  impression  of  it  as  such  be  made  upon  the  mind.  It  would  doubt- 
less have  been  more  complete  in  its  details,  and  more  highly  artistic  in 
its  finish  throughout,  if  the  poet  had  lived  to  give  it.  as  was  his  earnest 
desire,  his  final  touches.  Hut  as  it  is.  it  commands  the  admiration  of 
every  student  of  the  classics.  Professor  Francis  Howcn,  in  the  Preface  to 
his  admirable  Notes  on  it  (1859),  has  very  comprehensively  summarized 
the  characteristics  of  the  /Eneid  as  a  poem.     Me  remarks  : 

"The  /Encid  is  the  most  regular,  finished,  and  uniformly  sustained  poem  of  its 
class.  It  is  the  perfection  of  art,  as  ininiilablc  in  its  (K-culiar  sphere,  as  the  Apollo 
Bclvidcrc  is  in  statuary,  or  the  Parthenon  in  architecture.  The  flow  of  easy  and 
polished  versification  never  fails,  the  narrative  and  descriptive  passages  are  happily 
conceived  and  intermingled,  and  the  characters  and  scenes  are  grouped  with  admir- 
able skill,  having  a  proper  connection  with  each  other,  and  all  contributing  to  the 
progress  of  the  story.  The  imagination  and  taste  of  the  writer  are  equally  con- 
spicuous. The  style  never  falls  into  bald  and  prosaic  narration,  and  never  oticnds 
by  excessive  or  misplaced  ornament.  The  choice  and  arrangement  of  words  are  so 
felicitous,  as  often  to  remind  the  reader  of  a  curious  and  tasteful  piece  of  mosaic  or 
inlay  work.  Yet  the  composition  does  not  appear  studied  and  constrained,  but 
generally  proceeds  with  an  air  of  natural  grace  and  simplicity.  Tlic  imposing  and 
majestic  tone  of  many  passages  kindles  and  elevates  the  feelings,  and  the  reader  is 
frequently  hurried  away  by  the  energy  of  the  style,  and  the  fervor  and  spirit  of  the 
description.     An  admirable  judge  of  effect,  Virgil  never  wearies  by  monotony,  nor 


XVI  PREFACE. 

offends  by  sudden  starts  or  forced  transpositions.  The  scenes  and  images  are  fitly 
disposed,  to  heighten  each  other  by  contrast,  to  astonish  by  their  variety  and  grand- 
eur, and  to  please  by  their  vividness  and  beauty.  The  sentiments  are  dignified  and 
generous,  and  are  nobly  expressed  both  in  words  and  actions.  A  profound  student 
of  the  human  heart,  the  poet  touches  the  chords  of  softer  feeling,  or  expresses  the 
violent  workings  of  passion  with  equal  power.  Moral  suffering  is  delineated  with 
touching  effect,  and  the  strife  of  opposite  emotions,  the  urgency  of  terror,  and  the 
pathos  of  despair  are  vividly  presented,  and  leave  a  deep  impression  on  the  mind. 
The  character  and  history  of  Dido  afford  conclusive  proof,  that  if  Virgil  had  chosen 
dramatic  writing  for  his  province,  he  might  have  equalled  or  surpassed  the  noblest 
tragedies  of  the  Greeks." 

In  comparing  Virgil  with  Homer,  Professor  Bowen  adds : 

"  He  could  not  rival  the  energy,  simplicity  and  truth  of  his  predecessor,  but  he 
could  avoid  the  rudeness,  inequalities  and  defects  of  his  model.  In  richness  of 
ornament  and  purity  of  style,  in  polished  and  harmonious  versification,  in  elegance, 
propriety  and  uniformity,  in  inventing  probable  incidents  and  uniting  them  into  a 
connected  whole,  in  clearness  of  conception  and  dignity  of  speech,  in  correctness  of 
delineation  and  sustained  elevation  of  style,  in  striking  contrasts  and  pathetic 
effect — in  a  word,  in  all  the  qualities  of  art,  the  ^neid  is  greatly  superior  to  the 
Iliad  and  the  Odyssey." 

Every  scholar  will,  in  the  main,  most  heartily  endorse  this  exceed- 
ingly discriminate  estimate  by  one  of  the  most  distinguished  literary 
critics  of  our  country  and  times  :  and  yet  there  must  ever  be,  in  every 
impartial  mind,  a  reservation  in  praising  the  hero,  yEneas,  whom  Virgil 
sought  to  ennoble  in  the  eyes  of  his  countrymen.  Possessed,  as  depicted 
by  the  poet,  of  unquestionably  noble  traits,  and  human  in  all  his  acts, 
still  his  treatment  of  the  lovely  queen,  Dido,  was  simply  execrable,  and 
utterly  unworthy  the  high  distinction  with  which  the  poet  has  sought  to 
invest  him.  There  is  really  no  palliation  for  it,  save  in  the  low  standard 
of  morals  fostered  by  the  religious  systems  in  vogue  in  Rome  at  its  palm- 
iest period  (the  Augustine),  when  Virgil  lived  and  wrote.  If,  as  some 
have  contended,  it  was  a  concession  to  the  corrupt  sentiments  of  the 
imperial  court,  then  are  we  not  at  liberty  to  infer  that  it  was  the  simple 
protest  of  his  own  better  judgment  against  such  concession,  that  led  the 
poet  to  insist,  as  his  dying  request,  that  at  his  death  the  /Eneid  should 
be  destroyed  ?    Whether  this  be  so  or  not,  Virgil  nowhere  in  the  poem 


PKKlALt..  XVU 

attempts  to  justify  /Eneas  in  his  conduct  in  the  case,  on  the  score  of 
honor  or  morality ;  but  he  simply  (though  unsuccessful,  as  he  himself 
must  have  felt)  strives  to  enlist  in  his  readers'  minds,  a  counter  sympathy 
for  his  hero,  as  a  victim  of  fate.  But  it  is  a  blemish  on  the  hero's  char- 
acter, clinging,  in  the  readers'  memory,  to  him  through  all  his  subsequent 
career,  in  spite  of  desire  to  banish  it 

But  with  this  one  notable  exception.  .Lncas  stands  before  us 
throughout  the  /l£neid  as  an  object  of  admiration,  not  always  indeed  the 
highest,  but  always  commanding  the  respect  and  prompt  obedience  of 
his  comrades  ;  and  so  winning  an  interest,  and  often  carrying  with  him 
our  profoundest  sympathy.  \Vc  accord  him  instinctively  a  very  high 
place  in  our  esteem  for  his  filial  devotion,  his  evidently  sincere  religious 
veneration,  and  as  having  a  heart  ever  pulsing  with  human  kindness,  and 
warm  with  responsive  human  sympathies.  We  love  him,  notwithstanding 
his  glaring  fault,  for  the  love  he  ever  shows  to  those  at  home,  his  father, 
wife,  son  ;  and  our  sympathy  is,  from  the  outset,  enlisted  in  his  behalf,  as 
the  victim  of  supernal  wrath,  and  the  fate-bufictcd  hero  of  a  noble  race. 

Virgil's  forte  is  in  his  descriptive  power.  He  sketches  nature  with 
a  master's  hand,  never  blundering  in  his  touches.  His  love  of  nature  is 
genuine  :  his  eye  catches  the  delicate  phases  of  her  manifestations,  as 
well  in  inanimate  as  in  animate  objects  ;  in  landscapes,  and  in  the  group- 
ing of  external  scenery,  as  in  the  intense  activities  of  sentient  life.  But 
his  insight  into  human  passions,  and  the  springs  of  human  action,  and 
the  forms  of  their  development,  is  that  of  an  expert  :  he  is  in  it  well-nigh 
unrivaled.  His  delineations  of  character  are  all  singularly  life-like  and 
true  :  and  such  is  the  marvelousness  of  his  skill  in  sketching,  that  some- 
times a  single  sentejice,  an  incident,  an  epithet,  a  mere  word,  will  flash  to 
view  a  living  character,  with  a  life-likeness,  which,  like  the  image  in  the 
camera  thrown  on  a  delicately  sensitized  plate,  photographs  itself  on  the 
memory  instantaneously  and  indelibly.  And  what  gives  these  character- 
pictures  such  a  value  is  that  there  is  no  confusion  in  them,  no  mistaking 
one  for  the  other:  each  is  distinct,  and  cannot  be  forgotten.  His  '*  fidus 
Achates, "  from  first  to  last,  is  a  model  of  subservient  fidelity.    Barce.  the 


XVlll  PREFACE. 

elderly  nurse  of  Dido,  though  but  incidentally  introduced,  is  a  perfect  por- 
trait— a  type,  as  she  so  naturally  might  be,  of  feminine  senility  ;  a  bus- 
tling, fussy  old  woman,  more  eager  to  do  the  bidding  of  her  royal  mistress 
than  to  consult  her  own  convenience  and  comfort.  Dido  herself  is  one 
of  the  best-sketched  characters  in  the  poem.  She  is  a  queen,  beautiful 
in  appearance,  and  queenly  in  actions  and  spirit,  notwithstanding  her 
womanly  weakness.  Her  cordial  welcome  to  the  shipwrecked  wander- 
ers, the  unstintedness  of  her  generosity,  the  nobleness  of  her  sentiments, 
and  the  quenchless  warmth  of  her  attachment,  together  with  her  sad 
early  history  and  her  tragic  death,  beget  an  intense  sympathy  for  her. 
We  pity  her  ;  and,  though  her  untimely  end  is  seemingly  the  natural 
sequence  of  her  highly  dramatic  cast  of  character,  yet  no  one  can  read 
the  story  of  her  experiences,  and  remain  indifferent  to  the  rising  impulses 
of  compassion  started  by  it.  Her  traits  are  as  finely  drawn  as  the  feat- 
ures of  a  portrait  painted  by  Raphael  or  Michael  Angelo.  The  hand  of 
the  artist  is  as  clearly  discernible  in  Dido's  portraiture  as  in  that  of 
^neas,  or  Turnus,  or  the  vacillating  Latinus.  Even  her  indignantly 
scornful  bearing  on  meeting  ^Eneas,  her  destroyer,  in  the  under-world,  is 
in  perfect  keeping  with  her  queenly  spirit,  as  so  truthfully  and  graphi- 
cally depicted  in  her  life.  Each  character,  in  fact,  throughout  the  entire 
poem,  is  a  study  of  itself ;  each  moving,  however  casually  introduced,  in 
his  or  her  own  sphere,  instinct  with  Jiving  attributes.  Turnus  is  a  hero 
of  the  rarest  type,  and  deserving  a  nobler  destiny  than  the  poet,  by  way 
of  contrast  for  the  greater  exaltation  of  his  own  chosen  hero,  /Eneas,  has 
seen  fit  to  assign  him.  Mezentius,  too,  in  spite  of  his  contempt  for  the 
gods  and  his  soured  look  on  humanity,  has,  nevertheless,  strong  human 
traits  ;  and  the  poet's  description  of  his  tragic  end  is  one  of.  the  finest 
scenes  in  the  ALneld.  His  noble  son's  self-sacrifice  in  filial  devotion  is  a 
touch  of  descriptive  art,  such  as  only  a  master-artist  could  give.  So, 
also,  the  charming  episode  of  Nisus  and  Euryalus ;  the  death  and  funeral 
of  the  youthful  Pallas,  with  its  torch-light  cavalcade  ;  and  the  intense  yet 
subdued  grief  of  the  aged  Evander,  as  he  meets  the  bier  of  his  heroic  son 
— all  bespeak  a  master's  hand,  in  the  delicate  and  faultless  touches  made 


PREFACE. 

in  each.  But  these  arc  mere  specimens.  Scattered  throu^jh  the  entire 
poem,  on  almost  every  pa^c  inJcL-tl,  are  discernible  the  s.ime  evidence» 
of  matchless  skill  in  draftinjj  nature  to  the  life.    Virgil  j-  cd  the  soul 

of  poetry,  and  even  common-place  incidents  an-  made,  hv  the  tour^  of 
his  pen,  poetic. 

IJut  there  is  another,  and  tn  some,  even  a  richer,  realm  of  artistic 
adaptation  in  the  /Eneid,  giving  it  an  increased  interest  to  the  scholar, 
viz.,  its  wealth  of  archaic  allusions.  It  is  an  exhaustlcss  storehouse  of 
archxology.  replete  with  hints  and  references  to  ancient  Roman  customs 
and  manners.  Its  fund  of  information,  in  these  respects,  is  perfectly 
marvellous.  It  takes  imagination  back  over  the  dim  centuries  of  ante- 
Roman  history,  and  depicts  the  simple  habits  of  Evander  and  the  Arca- 
dians ;  and  in  so  doing  has  made  the  name  of  Arcadia  a  synonym  of 
primitive  simplicity  of  morals  and  government  in  every  modem  language. 
The  whole  story  of  the  visit  of  /Eneas  to  Evander,  from  beginning  to 
end,  fascinates,  not  only  by  its  intense  naturalness,  but  by  the  deep 
in-sight  it  gives  into  primitive  manners  and  modes  of  life.  Then  there 
is  the  unique  array  of  archaic  armor,  as  the  mustered  hordes  which  com- 
pose the  army  of  Turnus  arc  described  ;  each  tribe  and  corps  marshalled 
under  their  own  leaders,  and  appearing  in  their  own  tribal  costumes,  and 
armed  with  their  own  characteristic  weapons  ;  all  forming  a  treasure- 
trove,  unearthed  by  the  poet's  magic  wand,  and  showing  conclusively 
th  it  Virgil,  in  preparing  himself  for  the  writing  of  his  great  national  epic, 
studied  his  subject  thoroughly,  and  has  succeeded  in  bringing  out  things 
old  as  well  as  new,  in  his  matchless  sketches  of  pre-historic  objects  and 
times.  It  is  no  wonder  that  the  /Eneid  sprang  at  once  into  f)opularity  ; 
for  it  touched  not  only  the  imagination,  but  the  heart  of  his  countrymen, 
to  have  their  origin,  as  a  nation,  carried  back  to  so  grand,  as  well  as  high, 
an  antiquity  ;  whilst  antiquarians  then,  and  ever  since,  have  seen  in  it  a 
value  greater  to  them  than  the  mere  romance  of  semi-historic  heroes  and 
their  chivalric  achievements. 

Rut  the  yEncid  possesses  an  interest  scarcely  less  to  the  student  ol 
history  and  philosophy,  for  the  distinct  and  clear  light   thrown  bv  the 


XX  PREFACE. 

poet  in  it  upon  the  religious  and  philosophic  sentiments  and  tendencies 
of  his  times.  The  Sixth  Book  alone  is  a  perfect  thesaurus  of  mytholog- 
ical and  philosophical  lore,  presenting,  as  it  does,  such  vivid  delineations 
of  the  idealized  imaginings,  and  religious  beliefs  almost  inseparably  con- 
nected with  them,  current  among  the  Romans  of  his  own  and  earlier  days. 
The  influence  of  these  poetically  embellished  views  on  subsequent 
thought  is  plainly  traceable,  both  in  profane  and  ecclesiastical  history, 
through  all  the  Middle  Ages,  and  in  literature  and  art,  even  down  to 
modern  times.  No  one  can  doubt  that  Dante  drew  his  inspiration,  in  the 
awfully  lurid  descriptions  of  the  infernal  realms  in  his  immortal  Divine 
Comedio,  from  Virgil's  striking  portrayals,  taken  in  part  from  Homer,  of 
analogous  scenes  ;  whilst  our  own  Milton  has  certainly  drawn  largely 
from  the  same  storehouse  of  imagery  in  his  Paradise  Lost.  That  the 
Pythagorian  scheme,  as  explained  by  the  poet  through  the  aged  Anchises 
to  his  son  in  Elysium,  did,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  tinge  even  the 
tenets  and  practices  of  the  mediaeval  church,  is  a  concession  which  the 
truthful  his'torian  can  hardly  evade.  That  some  ceremonial  accessories 
may  have  crept  in  from  the  same  or  kindred  sources,  is  possible.  Rev.  J. 
G.  Cooper,  in  a  note  on  Book  vi,  line  636,  in  his  edition  of  Virgil's  Works, 
has  referred  to  one  such  admitted  instance.  "In  the  entrance  of  the 
heathen  temples,"  he  remarks,  "  aqita  Instralis,  or  holy  water,  was  placed 
to  sprinkle  the  devout  on  their  entrance.  This  custom  of  sprinkling  with 
holy  water  in  the  Roman  church,  La  Cerda  admits  was  borrowed  from 
this  practice."  But  how  far  other  views  and  practices  may  have  been 
foisted  into  currency  through  the  glamour  of  song  thrown  around  them 
by  the  Mantuan  poet,  it  is  not  needful  here  to  discuss.  Enough  that 
Virgil's  impress  has  been  felt,  as  the  influence  of  few  other  poets  ever  has 
been,  on  all  the  ages  since  he  lived;  and  although  the  religious  system 
then  in  vogue  in  Rome  has  long  since  passed  away,  yet  the  clear,  rich 
amber  of  his  charming  verse  has  encased  its  imagery  and  conceptions, 
and  these  will  last,  as  antiques  at  least,  as  long  as  genuine  poetry 
finds  a  responsive  chord  in  the  human  heart,  or  there  exists  a  cultured 
mind  to  appreciate  poetic  monuments. 


rurrvrF.  xxi 

Hence  another  characteristic,  and  one  which  has  contributed  pcrhaj» 
as  much  as  any  to  the  charm  of  the  /Uneid,  viz.,  Virgil's  cxquisitr  • 
and  marvellous  chasteness  of  expression,  in  dealing  with  the  diver 
incidents  and  subjects  admitted  into  the  |)oem.  This,  in  fact,  is  one  of 
the  most  striking  features  of  his  poems,  evincing  not  only  his  poetic  art, 
but  his  culture  of  heart,  giving  his  writings  an  individuality  unmistakable, 
and  an  attr.ictiveness  which  minds  susceptible  of  appreciating  at  once 
purity  of  thought  and  beauty  of  style  combined,  instinctively  recognize 
and  prize.  This  feature,  his  chasteness  of  thought  and  expression,  is  the 
more  remarkable,  however,  as  seen  in  contrast  with  the  grossness 
indulged  in  by  many  of  his  contemporaries.  He  handles  even  forbidden 
subjects  with  a  delicacy  which  forestalls  oRcnsc,  and  wrenches  from  even 
the  most  fastidious  criticism  a  commendation.  His  own  purity  of  soul 
and  conscientiously  sensitive  mind  are  the  pulsc-throbbings,  which 
impart  a  healthful  lilc  to  his  poetry  throughout.  /lineas,  with  the  excep- 
tion already  alluded  to  as  forming  an  indelible  stain  on  his  otherwise  noble 
character,  was  undoubtedly  the  embodiment  of  Virgil's  own  inner  con- 
sciousness— the  iconized  ideal  of  his  own  susceptible  self.  Scholars  have 
long  ago  pointed  this  out  ;  and  no  one,  familiar  with  the  facts  of  his 
personal  history  as  they  have  come  down  to  us,  can  doubt  it.  The 
theory,  that  /Eneas  was  the  portraiture  of  Augustus,  docs  not  militate 
against  its  being  drafted  from  the  poet's  own  self-hood,  in  an  efTort  to 
delineate  what  a  sovereign  ought  to  be,  rather  than  what  he  really  was. 
Virgil,  as  a  poet-artist,  painted  from  life,  however  ideal  the  portrait  drawn 
may  have  seemed,  and  the  traits  embodied  were  to  a  large  extent  his 
own.  adapted  to  the  condition  of  the  idealized  character.  But  he  was 
too  pure  of  heart  himself  to  pander  trucklingly  even  to  royalty  ;  too 
chaste  of  thought  to  cater  to  corruption  at  any  price.  He  had  much  to 
contend  with,  as  well  as  much  to  aid  him.  in  the  popularization  of  his 
theme.  While  many  things  at  the  imperial  court,  whence  his  chief  patron- 
age came,  were  totally  uncongenial,  nay,  even  revolting,  to  his  susceptible 
nature,  yet  his  laudable  anxiety  to  conciliate,  subjected  him  to  very 
potent  temptations  to  swerve  from  his  own  high  standard,  and  tended 


XXll  PREFACE. 

often  to  warp  his  better  judgment ;  and  doubtless  some  things  which 
appear  to  us  as  blemishes  in  his  design  of  the  rEneid,  are  chargeable  not  to 
any  lack  of  refinement  of  taste  in  its  author,  but  to  the  times  and  circum- 
stances of  its  composition.  We  know  the  importunity  of  the  Emperor 
Augustus,  to  have  the  Sixth  Book  recited  to  him  by  the  poet,  led  to  the 
insertion  in  it  of  special  accommodative  allusions,  such  as  the  Pythagorian 
system  of  transmigration  of  souls,  by  the  introduction  of  which  an 
opportunity  was  furnished  him  of  bringing  in  the  beautiful  tribute  to  the 
then  recently  deceased  nephew  of  Augustus,  the  youthful  prince  Marcel- 
lus,  whose  mother,  Octavia,  for  it  rewarded  the  poet  handsomely,  and  so 
paved  the  way  for  his  high  and  deserved  popularity  at  court.  Then  there 
was  that  other  and  almost  insuperable  difficulty,  to  one  of  Virgil's  refine- 
ment of  taste,  viz.,  the  character  of  the  deities,  whose  intervention  it  was 
indispensable  for  him  to  utilize,  if  popularity  for  his  great  epic  were  his 
aim.  Virgil  no  doubt  felt  this,  as  his  material  modification  of  Homer's 
representations  of  the  same  deities  very  plainly  shows.  Yet  there  were 
the  models  of  idealized  life  before  him,  as  embodied  in  the  mythological 
divinities  then  constituting  the  objects  of  veneration  in  the  popular  mind, 
simple  deifications  of  human  passions,  and  some  of  them  of  the  worst 
manifestations  of  human  character,  and  tending  rather  to  degrade  than 
elevate  ;  to  check  the  higher  aspirations  of  the  soul  instead  of  expand- 
ing and  ennobling  them.  But  the  manner  in  which  Virgil  has  handled 
these,  presents  him  to  us  as  a  poet  far  in  advance  of  Homer  ;  for  although 
his  higher  supernatural  personages  are  represented  in  human  moulds,  yet 
they  are  by  no  means  as  paltry  in  spirit  as  the  corresponding  Homeric 
deities.  Virgil's  heart  was  attuned  to  the  harmonies  rather  than  to  the 
discords  of  human  nature.  The  kindlier  impulses  dominated  his  own 
actions,  and  it  is  not  strange  that  he  sought  to  infuse  the  same  tenden- 
cies in  the  characters  of  those  whom  he  would  lift  to  veneration  in  his 
noble  epic. 

But  there  is  another,  though  nearly  allied,  characteristic  of  Virgil  in 
the  .^neid,  which  has  often  been  overlooked,  but  which  deserves  at  least 
passing  notice,  viz.,  the  technical  accuracy  exhibited  in  it.     Like  Shake- 


PREFACK.  XXIII 

spcarc,  Virpil  rarely,  if  ever,  makes  mistake  in  specialties.  Thus,  is  he 
describing  sailor  exjK'riences  and  naval  tactics  ?  Sailor  phrases  arc  used 
with  a  precision  ami  aptness,  which  even  modern  seamen  at  once  recog- 
nize as  exactly  in  place,  and  make  one  almost  imagine  that  Virgil  must 
have  been  n  sailor,  to  have  rendered  him  so  familiar  with  the  sea  and  all 
the  usages  of  a  sea-faring  lif,'.  In  like  manner,  is  it  soldier-life,  and  army 
accessories,  and  battle  scenes  that  are  being  portrayed  ?  W'liat  graphic 
precision  is  observable  in  even  the  minutest  details,  as  well  as  in  the 
casual  incidents  of  camp  life;  the  night-patrols,  the  scouts,  the  sentries 
on  the  walls  and  at  the  gates,  or  on  the  outer  breast-works — the  whole 
system,  in  short,  of  ancient  fortif.cation  and  methods  of  warfare  ;  the 
muster  of  troops,  the  marshalling  of  squadrons  of  cavalry  and  infantry, 
the  onsets  and  charges,  the  personal  combats  and  daring  exploits  of 
chieftains  and  privates  ;  the  armistice  for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  the 
search  for  the  bodies  through  the  ravines  and  along  the  hill-sides,  where 
the  conflict  had  surged  ;  the  burials  and  funeral  pyres,  with  the  unique 
ceremonies  attendant;  the  trophy-tree,  and  tiic  trophies  and  spoils  of  the 
foe  uphung  upon  it — all  arc  gems  of  technical  skill,  and  evincive  of  strict- 
est fidelity  to  fact,  as  witnessed  by  one  familiar  with  army-life.  Is  it  the 
sack  of  a  city  by  night  that  forms  the  picture  ?  What  city  was  ever 
taken  by  a  midnight  surprisal,  whose  overthrow  has  been  depicted  with 
more  life-like  truthfulness  in  all  its  details  than  that  of  the  taking  of 
Ilium,  as  sketched  by  Virgil  in  the  Second  Book  of  the  /Kncid  ?  Wo  can 
almost  sec  the  glare  of  the  conflagration,  as  it  rolls  its  flames  above  the 
burning  city,  and  is  reflected  from  the  distant  headlantls  of  the  straits  of 
Scgciim  ;  can  almost  hear  the  clash  of  arms,  the  din  of  jarring  voices, 
the  wail  of  women  and  the  maddened  shouts  of  desperate  men  in  the 
awful  death-struggle  in  defense  of  a  city  being  laid  in  ashes. 

Does  he  sec  fit  to  describe  games,  as  in  the  Fifth  Book  ?  What 
reporter  of  modern  sports  could  be  more  technically  accurate  ?  And 
what  pen,  in  prose  or  verse,  has  ever  depicted  such  a  marvel  of  apparent 
entanglement  and  extrication  in  intricate  evolutions  of  cavalry  man- 
ceuvres  ns  tiiat  which  Virgil's  has  done  in  the  so-called  Game  of  Trov,  as 


Xxiv  PREFACE. 

executed  by  Ascanius  and  his  squad  of  youthful  associates  ?  One  would 
naturally  suppose  that  the  poet  must  have  been  a  sporting  man,  or  a 
veteran  in  the  service,  thus  to  have  depicted  the  scenes  of  the  one,  and 
the  characteristic  drills  of  the  other,  with  the  exceeding  accuracy  with 
which  he  has  done  it.  All  his  similes  and  illustrations,  whether  imita- 
tive or  original,  are  so  exactly  true  to  fact  that  one  hardly  knows  which 
most  to  admire,  their  truthfulness  or  the  skill  of  the  poet  in  them.  His 
accuracy  in  some  cases,  I  am  aware,  has  been  questioned,  but  usually  by 
not  knowing  the  facts  involved.  Take  a  single  instance  in  illustration: 
In  Book  First,  line  317  of  the  yEneid,  the  "volucer  Hebrus  "  has  been  a 
stumbling-block  to  many  commentators,  notwithstanding  ALL  the 
early  MSS.  concur  in  it  as  the  true  reading.  Heyne,  Bently,  Kennedy, 
Ruaeus,  and  even  the  cautious  Ribbeck,  following  Rutgers,  have  joined, 
with  some  others,  in  preferring  the  conjectural  "  Eurus."  The  Hebrus, 
or  modern  Maritza,  is  the  only  considerable  river  in  Thrace  ;  and,  as 
Harpalyce  was  the  daughter  of  the  Thracian  king,  Harpalycus,  it  was  in 
perfect  keepi-ng  with  his  subject  for  the  poet  to  select  a  stream  where  her 
exploits  in  the  chase  were  achieved.  Then,  as  to  the  fitness  of  "volucer  "  as 
an  epithet  of  the  Hebrus,  the  writer  can  personally  testify,  havdng  resided 
for  three  years  (1860-63)  in  Adrianople,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the 
Maritza,  where  its  three  tributaries,  the  Arda,  the  Tundja,  and  the  upper 
Maritza  unite,  just  above  the  city,  and  flow  on  thence  to  the  yEgcan  Sea. 
Just  below  the  confluence,  and  opposite  the  city,  the  Maritza  is  spanned 
by  a  very  ancient  Roman  bridge,  built  substantially  on  stone  piers  and 
arches.  Let  any  one,  as  the  writer  has  often  done,  take  his  stand  on 
that  old  bridge  (which  may  have  been  there  even  in  Virgil's  day),  when 
the  spring  floods  come  rushing  down  from  the  distant  Balkan  mountains 
in  the  three  confluent  streams,  and  swelling  the  Maritza  to  its  fullest  capa- 
city, and  gaze  on  the  long  streaks  of  foam  as  they  shoot  with  arrow-like 
appearance  and  velocity  through  the  choked  arches,  and  onward  to  the 
sea,  and  he  can  no  longer  doubt  the  exceeding  accuracy  and  appropriate- 
ness of  both  the  epithet  and  the  name  of  the  object  of  comparison  chosen. 
Virgil  did  not  mistake  in  his  allusion.     He  knew  whereof  he  wrote  when 


I'RKFACE.  XXV 

he  made  it,  and  had  cither  himself  seen  the  Ilcbrus  at  its  spring  flooti, 
or  had  received  his  information  direct  from  those  who  had  themselves 
witnessed  it.  Commentators  of  so  accurate  a  poet  should  be  very  guard- 
ed in  their  conjectural  emendations,  and  know  the  facts  in  the  case,  before 
they  venture  to  discard  the  authority  of  all  the  early  copies  of  the  text.' 

Can  we  wonder,  then,  that  the  /Eneid,  abounding,  as  it  docs,  in  pas- 
sages evincive  of  such  consummate  technical  acquaintance  with  both 
ancient  and  contemporary  Roman  usages  and  facts,  in  so  many  depart- 
ments of  life's  phases,  took  so  strong  a  hold  of  the  Roman  heart  and 
mind,  and  has  |K>ssessed  a  charm  to  some  of  the  greatest  minds  in  ages 
since  ?  No  book,  wc  venture  to  say,  in  any  branch  of  classic  literature, 
has  been  more  read  and  valued.  It  was  one  of  the  few  works  which 
Martin  Luther  specially  prized.  His  Virgil  and  his  Missal  constituted 
his  staple,  as  a  library,  in  his  cloistered  hours  ;  and  it  retained  its  place, 
even  by  the  side  of  his  Bible,  though  subordinate  to  it,  on  his  table  till 
the  day  of  his  death.  It  was  simply  his  tacit  testimony  to  its  inesti- 
mable worth.  The  VEncid  is  a  model  epic,  whose  high  estimate  by  scholars 
time  has  only  tended  to  enhance.  Probably  no  classic  work  has  had 
more  scholarship  brought  to  bear  on  its  interpretation,  both  in  ancient 
and  modern  times,  than  the  /Encid  ;  and  judging  from  the  many  scholarly 
works  in  its  elucidation  published  of  late  years,  its  critical  study  lias  not 
yet  by  any  means  reached  its  ultimate  limit.  There  are  difficulties,  it  is 
true,  both  in  its  phraseology  and  allusions,  which  have  puzzled  the  best 
annotators;  but  in  the  main,  few  poets  have  been  more  transparent  in  style 
and  diction  than  Virgil.  His  poetry  is  the  perfection  of  harmony  in  con- 
formity to  the  strict  rules  of  Latin  prosody.  With  his  numbers  and 
rhythm  the  ear  never  tires.  His  nice  adaptation  of  sound  in  the  words 
to  the  rhythm  in  tiie meter  has  often  been  remarked.  Instances  of  these 
felicitous  alliterations  and  musical  accommodations  will  readily  recur  to 
every  student  familiar  with  the  original,  and  need  be  only  alluded  to 
here.  Hut  this  charming  feature  forms  one  of  the  chief  difficulties  in 
translating  his  poems  into  any  other  language.  How  are  these  corre- 
spondences of  sound  and  sense,  of  thought  and  expression,  of  image  and 


XXVI  PREFACE. 

embodiment,  to  be  represented  to  modern  cars,  when  they  are  in  any 
other  language  than  the  poet's  own — simply  inimitable  ?  Some  of  these 
poise  on  archaic  terms  and  phrases,  and  a  play  upon  words,  pleasing  to 
ears  vernacular,  but  which  are  shorn  of  their  peculiar  beauty  to  any 
other. 

The  aim  of  the  present  version,  held  steadily  in  view  throughout — 
as  will  be  gathered  by  even  a  casual  comparison  of  it  with  the  original — 
has  been,  not  to  equal  the  rhythmic  beauty  of  the  poet's  numbers,  for  this 
is  a  sheer  impossibility,  but  to  permit  Virgil  to  utter  his  own  thoughts  in 
his  own  phraseology  as  nearly  as  practicable,  without  retrenchment  or 
meretricious  embellishment.  Every  word,  save  the  occasionally  often-re- 
curring minor  conjunctions,  has  been  rendered,  and  a  constant  effort  made 
to  give  each  its  full  force;  whilst  additions,  when  indispensable  to  com- 
plete ellipses  or  to  accommodate  the  meter,  are  scrupulously  in  the  line  of 
the  poet's  thought.  The  lines  left  incomplete  by  Virgil  (of  which  there  are 
56  in  all)  are  left  the  same  in  the  version.  The  rendering  is  line  by  line,  and 
as  literal  as  justice  to  the  two  languages,  in  the  restricted  plan,  would 
admit.  It  is  the  result  of  no  slight  critical  labor,  prosecuted  con  ainore 
throughout;  and  if  it  shall  be  found  to  contribute,  in  any  measure,  to  a 
closer  study  of  this  incomparable  epic,  the  chief  object  of  its  publication 
will  have  been  attained.  Perfection  in  it  is  not  claimed.  It  is  at  best  a 
venture  in  a  direction  signalled,  but  not  traversed,  with  like  design  in  the 
translation  of  the  yEneid,  before  :  but,  if  others  shall  be  prompted  by  it 
to  achieve  more  perfect  success  in  the  same  line,  the  venture  will  not  have 
been  in  vain.  The  pleasure  derived  from  the  close  intimacy  with  this 
noble  classic,  necessitated  by  the  restricted  plan  adopted,  is  of  itself  an 
ample  compensation  for  the  long  and  exactive  labor  it  has  cost.  Begun 
some  twenty  years  since,  and  then  simply  as  an  experiment,  without,  at 
the  outset,  the  most  distant  thought  of  its  completion,  much  less  its  pub- 
lication, the  work  has.  rather  grown  into  than  been  made  what  it  is.  The 
track  [proposed  was  so  untrodden,  that  aid  from  any  source  could  only  be 
at  best  subsidiary;  and  yet  every  available  help  has  been  welcome.  At 
hand  for  reference  have  been  the  forty  different  editions  of  the  /Eneid,  or 


TKLIACE.  XXVII 

Works  of  Virgil,  in  the  translator's  possession,  to  each  of  which  he  is 
more  or  less  indebted  for  sujjjjestions,  but  to  none  for  the  meter  or  even  .1 
single  line  as  it  stands.  It  has  been  the  recreation  of  many  an  othcrw.,^ 
weary  hour,  as  opportunity,  amid  other  cares  and  duties,  allowed.  Through 
encouragement  from  classical  scholars,  without  which  the  version  would 
probably  never  have  been  completed,  or  if  completed,  never  published,  it 
is  now  committed  to  an  indulgent  public,  simply  as  an  honest  effort  to 
stimulate  the  study,  by  an  attempted  reproduction  in  English,  in  its  orig- 
inal meter,  of  one  of  the  grandest  epics  ever  written  in  any  language. 
With  this  end  even  proximately  accomplished,  the  aim  in  its  preparation 
will  have  boon  fully  attained. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  late  Prof  Robert  Potts.  LL.  i).,  of  Cam- 
bridge University.  England,  whose  interest  in  it  was  a  cheer,  the  plan  of 
adding  Notes  was  at  one  time  entertained  ;  and  material,  to  a  certain 
extent,  was  collected,  drawn  in  part  from  the  writer's  nine  years' residence 
in  the  Orient,  in  regions  and  on  lines  of  travel  made  familiar  by  the  poet's 
vivid  descriptions,  as  well  as  from  other  sources;  but  this  was  abandoned 
as  mainly  needless.  The  idea  broached  by  his  long-esteemed  friend,  the 
late  Prof.  Thomas  A.  Thachcr,  LL.  D.,  of  Yale  University,  of  printing  the 
Latin  text  on  each  opposite  page,  to  correspond  with  the  version,  was  con- 
templated; but  this  would  have  increased  both  the  size  of  the  volume  and 
the  price,  when  the  text  is  so  easily  available:  hence  the  decision  to  omit 
it.  A  third  proposal — early  adopted,  and  carried  through  the  entire  work, 
and  cancelled  even  after  it  had  begun  to  be  executed  in  type — was  to  give 
foot-references  to  passages  where  phrases  or  sentences  were  repeated  by 
the  poet,  or  to  allusions  throwing  light  on  the  point  in  hand,  or  to  words 
used  in  similar  sen^e  by  Virgil  himself  To  illustrate  Book  i.  line  313; 
Note,  See  Book  xii.  165,  or  Book  i..  line  354  ;  See  Book  x.  823.  And 
under  2d  head  ;  Book  i.,  line  28,  Ganymede  ;  Note,  See  Book  v.,  1.  252  ; 
while  under  3d  head,  take  two  examples.  Book  i.,line  I,  the  much-vexed 
word  "primus,"  Note  its  use  in  line  24;  and  in  line  8,  "quo  numinc 
IsEso,"  compare  "  pro  numine  Ixso,"  in  Book  ii.,  line  183.  But  all  these 
encumbrances  of  page  and  book  it  was  deemed  best  to  dispense  with,  and 


XXVIU  PREFACE. 

leave  the  version  wholly  free  of  either  note  or  comment,  as  it  now  appears. 

In  regard  to  the  spelling  of  the  poet's  name  ;  undoubtedly  Vergilius 
has  the  sanction  of  antiquity;  but  the  usage  of  at  least  three  centuries  of 
English  Literature  has  certainly  legitimated  in  our  language  its  Angli- 
cized form.  There  is  force,  therefore,  in  the  conclusion  of  Prof.  B.  H.  Ken- 
nedy, D.  D.,  of  Cambridge:  "  Virgilius  in  Latin  is  indefensible  ;  but, 
while  we  write  Vergilius  only,  it  may  be  long  before  the  Italians  give  up 
their  long-cherished  Virgilio,  the  French  their  Virgile,  and  we  English 
our  familiar  VIRGIL." 

It  only  remains  to  express  acknowledgments  for  the  kindly  aid,  in 
suggestion  and  encouragement,  given  by  esteemed  friends,  to  whom 
specimens  of  the  work  were  shown,  especially  to  the  late  Prof  Robert 
Potts,  LL.  D.,  of  Cambridge,  England,  and  Prof.  Thomas  A.  Thachcr, 
LL.  D.,  of  Yale,  both  of  whom  took  a  kindly  interest  in  the  v/ork  ;  to 
Prof  Francis  Bowen,  LL.  D.,  of  Harvard,  to  whose  admirable  Notes  on 
Virgil's  entire  Works,  reference  has  already  been  made;  to  Prof.  Henry  S. 
Frieze,  LL.  D.,  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  whose  iEneid  is  a  standard 
in  Academic  studies;  to  Prof.  Basil  Gildersleeve,  LL.  D.,  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins University;  to  Prof  John  Stuart  Blackie,  LL.  D.,  of  the  Edinburgh 
University,  and  to  ex-president  Theodore  D.  Woolsey,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  of 
Yale,  both  of  whom,  though  objecting  to  hexameter,  approved  of  the  gen- 
eral aim  of  the  version;  to  Rev.  S.  Dryden  Phelps,  D.  D.,  of  New  Haven, 
himself  a  poet  and  author  ;  to  Rev.  Robert  Aikman,  D.  D.,  of  Madison, 
N.  J.;  to  his  college  classmates.  Gen.  Henry  B.  Carrington,  LL.  D.,  of 
Boston,  Prof.  Edward  Olmstead,  M.  A.,  of  Wilton,  Conn.,  and  Rev.  Guy 
B.  Day,  M.  A.,  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  the  two  latter  classical  teachers  of 
many  years  experience — to  these,  and  others,  who  have  kindly  taken 
interest  in  his  tentative  yet  difficult  effort,  the  translator  would  tender 
his  sincere  thanks  for  the  cheer  which  their  words  and  letters  of  encour- 
agement have  given  him. 

O.  C. 

Morristown,  N.  J.,  Jaimary  2^,  1SS8. 


AXALVSIS. 


BOOK  I. 


iCSF^S  STRANIIEI>  AT  CARTHACK. 


Tlir  porm  nrim-  in  th'^  stvonth  vnr  nftcr  the  f.ill  of  Ilium,  with  the  hem.  /T.nen^.  a  wnnrirrrT 


Jt\  wxalh. :  tho  Mu»<-  invoke*!  to  rev 

III.  -,   ....,,     >.     .  ;    i-   ,..       i ..,  ,,  .,,,.,  .1  ^l.incc  at  Carth;ii;c,  Juao's  petti>. 
an  important  cpistxlc,  the  Troiati  fleet  of  twenty  shipt  is  xcn  at  xn  of)  the  coast 
for  Italy,  and  I  '  '  r  it  :  34  49.     ller  plan  fDrnu-d,  sh'    ' 

cajolinifly  inv.  1  the  wind;»,    to  «lotruy    thi*  li.»;«"<l    1' 

resiwnd^  :  ' 
sinks  one  v. 
the  sea  :   124-150.       i  he  htro,  with  seven  <Jl  Tiis  ships  antl  their  weary  crews,  t 

locked  harlwron  the  Libyan  coast :  157-179.     Landing;,  he, _with  his  (aithfui ., 

but  instead. 


III. 


\^ 


I     llll      WIJIUT*,      iw    \lij'»liwy      HI*      ii.it 

winds  (torn  their  cave,   i 
:  8l-l2¥      Ne;>tiine  iMtei^ 
seven  dTnis  ships  and  their  wear) 
157-179.     Landing;,  he,  with  hi; 
ascends  a  hill  in  hope  of  discovering  the  missing  twelve  ship^  none  seen, 
deer:  he  ^'      "       vcn  staj;s,  and  returning,  distributes  them,  «ne  ;  '     ' 


as    t 


t    on    the    ven«iion  :      l.So-322.       V 


enus     nil 


fades 

U-'    "  ■ ' 

an 

ol  Koine  :  Mercury,  at  Jupiter  s  command,  is  sent  tot  arthaije  to  p: 

'to  a  favor.i;...  .   -,  ,>tion  of  the  stranded   rroj.ins  :  207-304.     \'.  m  :..    Ii.  il  ,•  t.  , 
a  huntress,  meets  her  son,  itneas,  in  a  forest,  whitner  he  an 
;o5    ;34       ^'  "        '""m  wh.Ti-ji^  .... 

.■ttl'.-mi'Ti:  3^5    571. 

fn<l  appcaU  1..  ;U':  nt  llll'llllty  :ri.l  ;   u  \.c:i 
him  to  j^o  to  tlie  «.ity.   .ind.   screeiiiiu:  the 
to 


~;i.';  i'tt  lili'inlty  :ri.l  ;  u; 

tlie  «.ity.   .ind.   screeiiiiiv; 
sublimely  to  I'aphos  :  272  417.      He,   t 
makini;  his  way  to  the  temple  of  Juno,  i 


two 


:cil;..Uuj  V.ic 


jt- :  41S  493.     The  queen  apiH-ars  with  her  retinue 


nii>t,     i 

tions,  enters  the  city  v. 
1  on  iN  «  i!U  pictun--  ot 
his  while  • 


rek\'ates  from  the  missing  vessels  come 
pi<!d  n  to  land  :  404-560.     Dido's  checi 

'      .  and  /Enea- 
,  612        l>ii. 
itiea."*  scndn  Achates  ti.n  k  to  tl 
656.      Wiuis,  full  of  anv''  tv,   i 
ill!  "*n,  amid  tl; 

to  entertain  them  with  an  account  < 
prei>anng  the  way  for  the  vivid  narraiiuu  lu 


her  for  rc^     >  iioin  an 
and  her  desire  to  see  t 


her. 

.  1    .;. 


to  see 

for- 


I  s    ^ 
for  \\i> 


:.f4>^ 

>  1:1  the 

ith 


'I' 


.11  of   Ilium,  .and 
lUc  next  Book  :  723-750. 


/\j^ 


. a  land- 

.\i.hate3, 

a  herd  of 

•m- 

in 


nCK)K  II. 

THE  FAI.I.  AND  SACK  <>F  ILIUM. 

jV'^TS'i.  in  rnTni^lhnrr  with  Didn't  rf«^nr-5t.  thoui;h  loath  t-^  rrvire  it<  «nd  m/~TtnHr<.  f>T*>rr*Hi 
to  t  on  the  I    12.      In ! 

dc  ,  ^  -    ,vi<e,  hav', .1  stratagem  ,     

HuRSE  hlled  with  soldiers,  which  being  left  on  the  plain  in  front  of  the  city,  the  ficet  withdraws  lu 


xxu 


XXX 


ANALYSIS. 


the  rear  of  Tenedos  :  13-24.  The  Trojans,  supposing  the  enemy  gone  home,  joyously  emerge 
from  the  city-gates,  and  view  the  battle-fields  and  the  huge  horse  :  25-30.  The  populace  being 
in  doubt  concerning  it,  LaocoOn,  chiding  them,  thrusts  his  spear  into  its  side  :  31-56.  Meanwhile  yt 
Sinon,  a  pretended  deserter  from  the  Greeks,  surrenders  himself,  and  is  brought  before  kine^*"^ 
Priam  in  mock  agitation  :  57-74.  Encouraged  by  Priam,  he  proceeds  to  retail  a  tissue  of  lies-*^ 
the  story  of  his  escape  from  death,  to  which  he  had  been  doomed  by  envy  of  Ulysses,  and  liis 
appeal  to  their  pity  :  75-144.  Priam,  overcome  by  his  tears,  orders  him  unbound,  and  asks  an 
explanation  of  the  design  of  the  horse  :  145-162.  Sinon,  with  attestations  of  veracity,  states  that 
it  was  left  as  a  peace-offering  to  Minerva  for  her  stolen  image,  the  Palladium  ;  and  ends  by  warn- 
ing the  Trojans  against  desecraiing  it,  and  forecasting  the  results  of  its  being  received  into  the 
city:  153-194.  At  this  juncture  a  strange  omen  intervenes.  Two  enormous  sea-serpents  are  seen 
skimming  over  the  sea  from  Tenedos  ;  and,  on  reaching  the  Ilian  shore,  they  seek  the  altars  where 
LaocoOn  is  engaged  in  sacrificing  to  Neptune;  and,  after  attacking  and  strangling  his  two  sons 
and  himself,  gliding  away  to  the  shrine  of  Minerva,  and  hiding  under  the  feet  of  her  image  ;  195- 
227.  Aghast,  the  populace  pronounce  it  a  just  punishment  tor  his  temerity  in  desecrating  the  horse, 
and  insist  on  its  being  drawn  into  the  city  and  installed  in  Minerva's  temple,  which  is  done,  and 
the  city  gives  itself  up  to  hilarity  :  234-249.  Meanwhile  by  moon-light  the  Grecian  fleet  returns  ; 
and  Sinon,  alert,  at  a  signal  from  the  flag-ship  opens  the  wooden  horse  and  releases  tlie  imprisoned 
soldiers,  who,  emerging  armed,  slay  the  sentinels,  and  open  the  outer  gates,  and  the  sack  of  the 
city  begins  :  250-267.  Hector's  ghost  appears  in  a  dream  to  ^Eneas,  anfi  tells  him  allis  over  ;  and 
warns  him  to  llee  :  268-297.  Aroused  from  slumber,  and  hearing  a  great  commotion,  he  ascends 
to  the  roof  of  his  house,  and  with  consternation  and  horror  sees  the  city  in  a  blaze  and  tumult : 
293-317.  Panthus,  a  priest  of  Apollo,  comes  running  to  his  door,  and  apprises  him  of  the  crisis  : 
318-335.     ^neas  sallies  forth,  with  a  hastily  mustered  squad,  into  the  city  ;  their  adventures  and 


336-385- 


386-401. 


They,  at  the  suggestion  of 
The  fight  for  the  rescue  of 


successes  ;  Androgeos,    mistaking  them  for  allies,  is  slain 

Corcebus,  don  Grecian  armor,  and  incur  its  consequences  : 

Cassandra,  in  which  her  suitor,  Corcebus,  is  slain  :  402-437.    Thedesperate  struggle  atthe  palace  : 

438-468.     Its  fall  and  the  consternation  ensuing:  469-515.     The   fate  of  Polites,   and  his  father 

^-_-m,  at  the  hands  of  Pyrrhus  :  506-538.     The  dismay  of  ^neas  ;  his  frenzied  resolve  to  slay 

Helen,    the  cause  of  the  war,  whom   he  discovered  crouching   at  the  altar  of  Vesta,    and   his 

t  restraint  therefrom  by  his  mother,  Venus,  who  bids  him  go  rather  and  rescue  his  own  household  : 

j  559-621.     Appalled,    he  hastens  home,  and  proposes  an  immediate  flight  to  the  mountains  ;  but 

I  his  father,  Anchises,  stoutly  refuses  :  622-649.     Their  entreaties  are  xmavailing,  until    two  omens 

I  occur;   a  luminous  flame  on  the  head  of  liilus,  and   a  brilliant   meteor,  decide   the  matter,    and 

vAnchises  yields :  650-704.     The  arrangement  to  meet  outside  of  the  city  at  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 

temple  of  Ceres :  705-720.     With  saddened   heart,  yet   firm  in  purpose,  he  takes  at  length  his 

aged  father,  who  had  long  been   crippled  by  a  stroke  of  lightning,  on  his  shoulders,  and  leadine 

his  little  son  by  one  hand,  who  toddles  with  unequal  steps  along,  and  with  his  wife  Creusa  follo\v^ 

ing  close  behind  him,  he  gro]5es  his  way  through  by-streets,  to  the  place  of  meeting:  721-750.' 

On  reaching  the  spot,  lo !  his  wife  is  missing  ;  and  he  returns  in  search  other  into  the  city,  and  is 

met  by  her  ghost,  by  which  he  is  warned  to  flee  ;  then  sadly  he  retraces  his  steps,  and  departs  to 

Mount  Ida,  bearing  his  aged  father  on  his  shoulders  :  751-834. 

BOOK  III. 


.(ENEAS  JOURNEYS   IN   SEARCH   OF  A   HOME. 

After  the  overthrow  of  Ilmm-.-vEneas,  retiring  to  Antandroa,  at  l-ke  southwestern  font  nf  Moimt 
Ida,  spends  the  ensuing  wintciVinfitling  out  a  fleet  of  twenty  vessels\  and,  early  in  the  spring, 
sets  sail  ibr  Thrace  ;  where  lanoing,  he  is  occupied  the  remainder  of  me  year  in  founding  a  new 
city — /Enos — and  designates  its  citizens  ylineans:  I-18.  Early  the  following  spring,  while  one  d";^ 
collecting  boughs  to  screen  an  altar  for  sacrifice  in  honor  of  their  new  enterprise,  he  is  startled  by 
a  sepulchral  sound  from  the  ground,  which  jjroves  to  be  that  ol  Polydorus,  son  of  Priam,  who  warii 
him  to  ([uit  at  once  the  murderous  shore  :  19-48.  The  story  and  tragic  death  of  Polydorus  :  49^- 
56.  Reporting  the  prodigy  to  his  father  and  the  chiefs,  it  is  resolved  to  abandon  the  region  ;  and, 
after  awarding  sepulture  to  Polydorus,  they  embark  for  Ortygia  :  57-72.  Arriving  at  Dclos,  in 
Ortygia,  they  are  cordially  welcomed  by  king  Anius,  the  priest  of  Apollo,  who  consults  for  them 
the  oracles  :  73-89.  They  are  directed  to  seek  their  ancestral  home,  which  Anchises  intei-prets  to 
be  Crete,  the  home  of  their  progenitor,  Teucer  ;  and  so  they  sail  with  buoyant  hopes  to  Crete  : 
90-129.    Lauding,  they  commence  a  city,  which  they  name  I'ergamea,  and  settle  down;  but,  at  the 


ANA 


A    •.  A  1 


end  of  two  vran.  famine  and  pestilence  (leterminc  them  to  retom  to  OrtveU  to  reconwih  ihc^. 


t 

( 

.) 
\s     . 

(The  1  . 


V  encounter 


,  their  « 


»*^n  oi  J'nam, 

..       at   :•.   ■   '      '< 

hLsoUl  \ 


pcctiliar  habits,  and  i;  >  visit  her  lave.  and,  under  hei 

under-world  on  a  visii  :  .t,  then  to  be  there  :  433-462.     1.  .. 

adieu  and  sail   for  Italy  :  463-505.     A  calm    night  at   m:-i  ensues  ;  It.i 

ct'   '    -   •     ■•     nd  Anchises'  I'rayer  :   506-536.     Thoy  cii" ' 

I  :  but  Anchises,  t>h>crvinij  some  whi'.i;  1. 

a 

i~ 

i;  At  .1.1 

l-    :^    ,  .      HctelU  :     ■     .    ., .    . 

607-654.     The  sudden  appearance  of  Polyphemus,    his  deicription.    and    their  escape    from   th 

monster  and  his  mustering  horde  :  655-685.      They  take  in  t'     '  •  -  'ive,  and   '   -      -'  -^,. 

crn  shore  of  Sicily,  lill  they  reach    Dreponum,  where   An^  s   and  i 

^^ '  :,  a  storm  drives  them  to  Carthage  :  thu^  cnd:>  tUc  recital,  what  'Mc  a»acaiUy  di 

i  1-  .    7  '*'• 

BOOK   IV. 

dido's  love  and  tragic  death. 

The  next  morning  after  the  banquet,  and  thr  narration  of  /Enea?.  Dido  discloses  to  hrr  «istcr, 
Anna,  her  passionate  love  for  their  n*  '    her  scruples   in  re^jard   to  a  second   : 

and  is  encouraged  by  Anna  to  cherish  ■       ,  in  view  i"  ti'-  ••■.'■  v  r  >  ur-w,-  f-,.:  1 

with  the  Trojan  prince  :   1-50. ''Dido  sacrifices  to  Juno  and  1 

her  \  •  '  ' —  •     •'•  •  impulses  of  the  new  attachment  ;  w'v  - 

for.l  .,' her  to  neglect  her  ])laiis  for  aijv'ran' 

it  '        "  -,  and  p 

k  1   the  «• 

apjii  i-scti  llaiy,  t 

hunting  '  .,  _,    i,  in  the 

sends  a  violent  thunder-storm,  in  which  the  hunters  scatter, 

shelter  alone  in  a  cave,  where,  by  Juno's  aid,  a  quasi-m  •"'  •  •'• 

sequences  are  foreshadowed:   120-172.     A  uraphic  dc 

Vjiven  :  and  the  rep  )rt  of  the 

Iflrhus,  a   Libyan   ^uitor  nf  IV 

\  I  ■  ly.      J..J.1I..T.  ii)    . 

t"  •  ^c,  aiid   to  fail  at 

cury  departs,  and  arnviiiij  at  the  '  f  Carthage,  Inv; 

intending   building   o|>cratjons  to   .^..^...,    the  city.     V- 

iupiter  ;  receiving  which,  .tneas,  though  reluctant,  p: 
is  fleet  :    -  :^-    -:•■■-■'  -  ,        .        .       . 

and   his 
scathing  reproaches  lur  his  pcrtidy,  uiia  uut'fcvaU»  ctcxiiaJ  vcii(^caucc  uu  luat.     Sue  swuuns,  muI  ii 


i 


olxry.  ami  secretly 


XXXll  ANALYSIS. 

carried  to  her  chamber  by  attendants  :  362-392.  ^neas,  still  immoved,  persists  in  his  prepara- 
tions, in  accordaace  with  the  mandate  of  Jupiter  :  Dido  appeals  to  her  sister,  Anna,  to  aid  in  her 
efforts  to  change  his  mind  and  detain  him  ;  but,  though  Anna  seeks  frequent  interviews,  and  uses 
her  utmost  persuasion,  he  remains  inexorable  :  393-449.  Dido  now  becomes  desperate,  and  prays 
for  death,  and  secretly  dstermines  on  it  :  her  forebodings  and  frenzy  depicted  :  450-473.  She 
disguises  her  designs,  and  by  plausible  pretexts  induces  her  sister  to  prepare  a  funeral  pyre,  on 
which  to  burn,  as  she  alleges,  the  relics  of  the  hated  Dardan.  Anna  unsuspectingly  complies  with 
her  request :  474-503.  liido  decks  herself  and  the  altars,  and  prays  for  success  in  her  trag'ic 
purpose:  504-521.  Her  sleepless  excitement,  and  soliloquy  at  night  :  522-553.  In  the  meantime 
JEnecLS,  being  again  warned  in  a  dream  to  be  gone,  at  early  dawn  arouses  his  comrades  and  sets 
sail :  554-583.  Dido  at  day-break  from  her  palace  descries  the  fleet  in  the  offing,  and  gives  vent 
to  a  violent  outburst  of  frenzy,  praying  for  condign  retribution  on  the  perfidious  Dardan,  and  for 
an  avenger  of  her  wrongs  to  ariise  :  584-629.  She  then  calls  her  old  nurse,  Barce,  and  sends  her 
with  a  fictitious  message  to  her  sister,  Anna  ;  whilst  she  ascends  the  pyre,  and,  at  the  sight  of  the 
Dardan  relics,  utters  her  last  words,  and  then  falls  upon  the  sword  left  by  yEneas  :  630-665.  / 
Consternation  at  the  act  ensues  :  her  sister  hastens  to  her  side,  and,  with  affectionate  expostulate/ 
tions,  sustains  her  drooping  form  as  Dido  expires  in  her  arms  :  676-692.  Juno  dispatches  Iris 
from  Olympus  to  receive  her  departing  spirit :  693-705.  Thus  ends  the  saddest  tragedy  of  the 
poem. 

BOOK  V. 

ANNIVERSARY  GAMES   AT    DREPANUM. 

.^NEAS  at  sea  looks  back  with  sad  surmises  on  the  flames  of  Dido's  suicidal  pyre  :  1-7.  A 
storm  arises,  and  the  fleet  is  compelled  to  put  into  the  port  of  Drepanum,  on  the  westerly  coast  of 
Sicily  :  8-34.  Their  former  host,  Acestes,  descries  them  from  a  height,  and  hastens  to  extend  a  / 
welcome  :  35-41.  As  it  was  now  about  a  year  since  he  there  buried  his  father  Anchises,  /EneasV'^ 
announces  his  intention  of  celebrating  the  anniversary  by  suitable  games,  and  invites  all  lo  join 
him  in  preparatory  solemnities  at  the  tomb  :  42-71.  Accordingly,  all  wreathe  their  temples  with 
myrtle,  and  proceed  together  to  the  tomb  ;  where,  in  the  midst  of  the  ceremonies,  a  serpent  glides 
from  the  mound  to  the  altar,  and  tastes  of  the  sacrifices  ;  which  he  greets  either  as  his  father's  spirit 
embodied  in  it,  or  the  genius  of  the  place  :  72-103.  At  the  appointed  day,  the  ninth  following, 
crowds  assemble  to  witness  the  games  :  the  prizes  are  displayed,  and  the  signal  for  commencement 
is  given:  104-113.  First.  The  Boat-race.  The  four  contesting  yachts,  with  their  captains  and 
crews,  are  described'S'-iiiy  iai:',.^Xb^i;^''i  "^"^,  i  rock  in  the  offing  ;  the  p^aces  assigned  by  lot, 
and  the  race  begins.  A  graphic  description  of  the  start,  the  applause,  the  struggle  :  124-158.  X^ 
the  contestants  near  the  goal,  Gyas,  commander  of  the  ChinitTa,  in  a  gust  of  anger,  pitches  his\ 
helmsman  overboard,  and  takes  himself  the  helm  :  the  amusing  plight  of  the  half-drowned  helms-i 
man  crawling,  wet  and  dazed,  upon  a  rock  :  159-1S5.  Sergestus,  the  commander  of  the  Centaur j 
m  his  eagerness,  staves  his  galley  on  a  shelving  ledge  ;  then  follows  a  spirited  struggle  between 
Mncstheus  of  the  Fristis,  and  Cloanthus  of  the  Scylla,  in  which  the  latter  wins  :  1S6-243.  The 
prizes  distributed  ;  the  return  of  Sergestus  in  his  crippled  vessel,  and  his  prize  :  244-285.  Second 
Game.  Thr  FooT-RArR.  The  contestants  ;  the  mutual  affection  of  Nisus  and  Euryalus,  two  of 
them  ;  ttnf'slip  and  f'all"Sfthe  former,  and  his  quick  shil't  in  turning  it  to  the  advantage  of  his  friend, 
and  the  generosity  of  .^Eneas  in  awarding  the  prizes :  286-361.  Third.  Tttv  ]^.^vr\:(f.]\l.\T(-ri^ 
The  swagger  of  Dares,  and  his  defiant  challenge  accepted,  at  the  instigation  of  king  Acestes,  by 
the  Sicilian  champion  Entellus.  Stift'ened  by  age,  the  latter  steps  forth,  displays  the  terrible  gaunt- 
lets of  his  trainer  Eryx,  recounts  in  brief  their  history,  and  waives  their  use  in  favor  of  the  Trojan 
gauntlets:  362-425.  In  the  encounter  Entellus,  by  a  false  thrust,  falls  heavily,  but  is  quickly 
helped  up,  and  renewing  the  fight  severely  punishes  Dares,  and  then  drives  his  gauntlet  through 
the  skull  of  the  prize  bull  as  a  substitute  for  Dares  :  426-484.  Eourth.  The  Triai^okAivCHERY. 
A  pigeon  is  suspended  from  an  erected  mast-head  as  the  mark  ;  MippocoOn,  flU'  Ibsl  "archer,  hits 
the  mast-head  ;  Mnestheus,  the  second,  cleaves  the  string,  setting  the  bird  free  ;  Eurytion,  the 
third,  shoots  the  pigeon  on  the  wing  ;  and  lastly  the  fourth,  Acestes,  discharges  his  arrow  in  the 
air,  and  it  takes  fire,  which  being  variously  interpreted,  /Eneas  embraces  his  host  and  loads  him 
with  presents :  then  the  jirizes  are  awarded  satisfactorily  to  all  :  4S5  544.  Fifth.  The  Game 
OK  Tkoy.  Participated  in  by  yVscanius  and  his  squad  of  youthful  associates,  a  marvclTiT'uUricaiC 
*»-e(UiaJxy-i,nanoeiivres,  with  which  the  anniversary  games  end  :  595-603.  Meanwhilejuuo  sends  Iris 
down  to  foment  discontent  among  the  Trojan  women,  who  in  their  f^renzy  set  fire  to  the  ship'-,  in 
the  harbor  :  the  alarm  given,  and  the  fire  discovered  by  the  crowd  at  the  games,  and  all  rush  to 


A.NALi  >i>.  XAXIU 

th**  •erne,   Aacunht*  in  adtnutce,   who  indii^naniiv  chklcn  the  «illv   women  :  vdiOM  f)ny%  and 

};:    :        ^      :,    ■     "■  ■       ■    ■      , 

left  with  k  the  rc-t  to  sail  tor  Italy:  A;  ! 

sanctions  \l.     ...  •'  '  trlU  him  to  I  "  •'   >'  '    : ,  ,  -  :     i:. 

by  \icr.  wi-h  him  ii.  K,     Thcail  n  ;  the  town  of  .' 

nu'     ^^ — '    ■— '  "  ■    -  r-.i......  •..1..  .  _j<^  yyg_     ,.-„„,,„, 

to  I  I   with    hi*   retinue:    ~ 


\ 


.^  the  helm. 


BOOK   VI. 

THE    DESCENT   OF   >ENKAS    INTO   THE   INDER-WdRLD. 


LANnixo  at   ("""^-^.  .F.nca*,  as  enjoined   by  Ilclcnv^  ^"i  AnchLie»,  rrpairs  to  the  shrsnc  of 
Apollo,  the  awe-in  .vc  of  the  Sibyl,  the  Dclian  [  -  ;  and.  while  vicwinif  the  scuip- 

tu:  '"lodoor,  i  :-l-4I.    Her  cave  dc>c  riKd.  ■      '     '  '  ■  . 

ti'  icy,  and  ominous  orailc« :  42-07.      H 

a  vi^il  li>    his  father    111    Lly>iaiii,  ciUtv^' th<-  in 

attainint;  a  like  privilege  :  9&J23.   \Shc  war  1  for 

and    find   in   the   forests  a  ^)I.I)EN    BuLGU   sacred   to    l'roscrpina,jwhich   will   serve   him  as   a 

talisman  :  apprising  him  of  the  death  of  a  comrade  during  his  ab«n#-   -'" ;..;...  ..•.  >,  -..  iir*»  to_. 

attc.id  his  funeral :    i^r'SS-     Returning;  to  the  fleet  in  the  harbor,  he  wx*.    J 

dead;  the  story  of  his  cleatn.  and  the  mourning  over  him  :   I5C>-I78.     W  11,1c   ■  J 

cutting  wo<xi  lor  the  funeral  pyre  of  his  friend,  his  attention  is  attractfd  to   i 

conduct   him    haply   to   the   coveted   Bc^l  gh  :    179-211.      T! 

rq>3irs   attain    to  the  Sibyl's  cave  :     212-235.     Treparatory 

signals  and  warning»,  the  Sibyl  biiis  him  draw  his  sword  and  |i)liow  her  :  230-203.      1  i  of 

the  |H>ct  f  >r  permission  and  inspiration  to  depict  whit  they  saw  and  heard  :  264-267.     1 .sti- 

bule  they  meet  personifications  of  human  woes — ^Gricf.  Remorse,  Old  Ai;c,  Fear,  Hun;;er,  Want, 

Toil,  Death  and    its  brother  Sleep,  Sordid  Pleasures,  War,  Furies,  Piscord  ;  and  near  by 

Elm-tree,  wherein  lurk  Delusive  I)reams  :  Then  come  monsters  of  imatjination — Centaurs. 

the  hundrcd-armetl  Briarius,  the  Hydra  of  Ix'ma,  <  '  V        '       '' 

at  their   horrid   a>j>ccts,  draws    his  sword    and    isal-  i 

Sibyl  that  they  arc  mere  phantoms  :  270-294.     The  river  Styx,  and  the  lerrv  lie- 

scried  with  a  crowd  of  ghosts  waiting  on  the  bank  to  cross  over  :  295  313.    T:._  .  .  the 

iccne  by  stating  that  the  uaburied   wander  thus  a  hundred  years  on    the   gloomy  bank  :  .ICnexs 

recognizes  several  lost  comrades,  among  them  his  pilot,  I'alinurus.  who  tells  the  story  of  his  suflTcr- 

ings  an  1  death,  and  entreats  to  l>e  extricatetl,  but  is  coml'ortctl   by  the  Sibyl:  337-;8v     Charon 

ch.i"  1,  but  is  awed  by  a  sii^ht   of  the  •   ' 

ov  I  his  patche<l  wherry  :  3S4  416.     , 

and  they  «.Imil»  the  sjimy  bank  unharmed  :  417-4.^0.     ."su<iiieniy  tries  ~Mr 

ears;  they    have   reachctl    the   precincts  of  the  untimely  dead,  or   tl.  _       to 

death  :  the  Judge,  with  his  silent  court,  is  passe<l.  ami  they  reach  the  abode  of  suicides — the 
Fields  of  .Mourning — where  he  descries  unhappy  Dido,  whom  he  essays  to  address,  but  she  spurns 
him  :  427-476.  S'cxt  they  come  to  the  resort  of  heroes,  where  the  early  Trojan  heroes  greet  him, 
and  the  (Iri-eks  arc  alarmvd  :  477-4<;3.     The  story  of  I'  '  Priam,    '  the 

nijht  of  Ilium's  fall:  404  5^,4.      Jlerc  the  Si^yl  chides  .  and  tK  n: 

535~547-     '  ''  realm  looms  \\  lurid    Ki 

soundsofil  IS  and  the  din  ot  .  whih  ,  _  .;•      .7 

Elysium  at  length   is   reached,  and  on  its  door  ;  *  the  mystic  Boicn:    028636. 

The  delectations  of  its  inhabitants   deseril>ctl  :  '^■■re  met    by  >!•■"-    who 

directs  them  to  Anchiscs,  whom  they  find  in  a  st  ;  the  future  l:  his 

descendants:  660-702.     Anchisc*,  after  the  >  10  u 

river  I>eth#,  the  spirits  throni'ing  it.  and  <-x[i  ..  >n  and   • 

origin  ot    life:  70^-723.       I  .    -;i.       An  tiiciu  t.  a 

mound,  where  pass  in  revie^'.  r  to  the  :  752  787. 

Tbcu  follow  their  successors,  the  Cx^ars  in  the  goidca  age,  the  Republic,  the  Empire    Anchiics 


XXXI V  ANALYSIS. 

becomes  enraptured  at  the  view :  788-S23.  Marcellus  the  elder  and  younger,  with  the  poet's 
tribute  to  the  latter  (for  which  the  mother,  Octavia,  richly  rewarc'ed  him)  :  854-8S6.  Then  Anchi^es 
conducts  them  through  Elysium,  depicts  the  wars  lo  come  in  Italy,  and  then  dismisses  them 
through  the  ivory  gate  ot  Sleep  ;  when  ^neas  returns  to  his  comrades  and  moors  his  fleet  at  the 
beach  of  Cajeta  :  887-901 .  Thus  closes  the  most  remarkable  Book  of  the  yEneid,  whose  imagery  ] 
has  so  largely  influenced  subsequent  literature.  / 


BOOK   \1I. 

HOSTILITIES   IN    ITALY   BEGUN. 

At  Cajeta  the  nurse  of  y^neas  dies,  and  is  awarded  an  honorable  sepulture  and  her  name  given 
to  the  site  ;  after  which  they  skirt  the  shores  of  the  island  of  the  sorceress  Circe  by  moon-light  ;■■ 
but  the  kindly  aid  of  Neptune  enables  them  to  avoid  it:  1-24.     They  at  length  enter  the  long- 
souglit  Tiber  amid  the  singing  of  birds,  and  moor  their  ships  to  its  shady  banks :  25-36.     The 
previous  state  of  Latium  clsscribed  :  Latinus,  the  king,  and  his  only,  and  now  marriageable,  daugh- 
ter, Lavinia  ;  her  suitors^  among  them  TURNUS,  the  antagonistic  rival  of  .^neasylthe  oracles  of 
Faunus  forbidding  nativ(^nd  enjoining  a  foreign  nuptial  alliance  ;  the  news  of  thfrarrival  of  the 
Trojans  in  the  Tiber  spreads  :  46-106.      Meanwhile  the  Trojans  partake  of  a  frugal  repast  under  a 
lofty  tree  on  the  river's  bank  ;  and,  while  eating  the  quadrated  cakes,  on  which  their  food  in  rustic 
style   had  been  placed,  the  fearful  prophecy  of  the  harpy  Celseno  (Book  III,  255)  was   explained,  \ 
and  the  dread  of  it  dispelled  :   107-147.     The  exploration  of  the  country  is  begun,  and  yEiieas  dis- / 
patches  a  hundred  nobles  with  presents  to  the  court  of  king  Latinus,  while  he  himself  lays  oufa 
town  and  fortifications  :    148-159.     The  envoys  i-each  Laurentum,  which   is  described,  and  are 
welcomed  by  the  king  :   160-201.     The  object  of  their  mission  stated  and  their  presents  to  Latinus 
displayed:  211-248.     Latinus  is  at  once  impressed  with  the  coincidence  of  previous  oracles,  and 
accedes  to  their  overtures,  jfatifies  an  alliance,  and  offers  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  yEnea^;  and, 
as  a  token  of  sincerity,  senm  him  a  magnificent  span  and  a  chariot ;  whereupon  the  amba'ssadors 
return  :  249-285.     Thus  far  all  seems  favorable  ;  but  suddenly  Juno  espies  the  Trojan  camp  in 
Italy,  and  vows  vengeance  and  bitter  war  :  286-322.     She  summons  Allecto,  a  Fury,  and  bids  hen 
do  her  worst  to  scatter  the  seeds  of  rancor  and  strife:  323-340.     Allecto  accordingly  hies  to  the) 
palace  of  Latinus,  and  ciouching  at  the  door  of  queen  Amata,  flings  a  serpent  stealthily  into  her 
bo-.om,  which  sets  the  que-jn  in  a  frenzy,  whirling  like  a  top  :  346-403.     Having  set  things  in  train 
for  war  at  Laurentum,  the  fiend  repairs  to  Ardea,  the  home  of  Turnus,  the  future  hostile  rival  of 
..'Eneas,  and  hurls  a  snake  at  him,  after  she  had  vainly  triel    other  means,  and  goads  him  on  to 
break  the  treaty  recently  formed  :  404-474.     She  then  hastens  to  the  Trojans,  and  finds  a  ready 
occasion  for  a  feud.     A  pet  deer  of  Salvia,  the  daughter  of  Latinus'  herdsman,  is  wounded   by 
Ascanius  on  a  hunting   excursion,  and,  fleeing   to  its  mistress  for  refuge,  sets  the  whole  clan  of 
peasants  on  fire  to  avenge  the  outrage:  475-504.     They  rally  with  rude  weapons,  and  the  fiend 
from  a  house-top  sounds  the  shepherds'  alarum,  and  a  desperate  fight  between  the  Trojan  hunters 
and  peasants  ensues,  wherein  the  brother  of  Sylvia  and  others  are  slain  :  505-536.    Allecto,  exult- 
ing in   her  successes,  reports   to  Juno,  who,  lauding,  warns  her  to  begone  from  earth  :  537-571. 
Meanwhile  the  slain  are  brought  in,  and  Latinus  is  implored  by  the  excited  populace  to  avenge 
their  death  :  Turnus  intensifies  their  grievance,  and  Latinus,  finding  remonstrance  vain,  retreats 
to  his  palace  and  abandons  the  reins  of  government :  572-600.     Juno,  descending  from  heaven, 
with  her  own  hand  unbars  the  gates  of  war  in  the  temple  of  Janus,  and  all  Aus^onia  at  once  springs 
to  arms:  five  great  cities —Laurentum,  Atina,  Tibur,  Ardea,  and  Crustumeri— prepare  for  war: 
601-640.     The  Muses  arc  once  more  invoked  to  open   Helicon,  and  recall  these  events  of  dim 
antiquity:  641   646.     The  leaders  of  the  mustering  hosts  presented— Mczentius  and  his  son,  Lau- 
.sus.  marshal  the  forces  of  Agylla  :  647-654.     Aventinus,  ihe  son  of  llcrculos,  and  his  troops  and 
their  equipment   given  :  655-659.       Catillus  and    Coras,  th;   Tihurtian    brothers,   like   Centaurs 
come  :  670-677.     Cce.-lus,  the  son  of  Vulcan  and  founder  of  Pr.vneste,  with  his  anomalous  horde  : 
678-690.     Messapus,  the  son  of  Neptune,  bearing  a  charmed  life,  with  his  singing  baud  :  691-705. 
Clausus  and  his  Sabines,  with  clashing  shields  and  thundering  tread  :  706-722.     llalcesus,  witnhis 
'Cian  in  nondescript  armor;  *.Ebulus,  Ufens,  Umbro  the  priest,  and  Virbius,  with  his  tiery  stced^ 
723-782.     Turnus  the  chami)u)ii    of  the  confederate  hosts,  in   his  splendid   armor  and    chariot^ 
and  lastly  Camilla,  the  Amazon  of  marvellous  fleetness.  with  her  squadrons  of  cavalry,  at  whom  tlit 
crowds  gaze  with  admiration,  as  she  appears  decked  in  purple  and  gold,  with  badge  of  pastoral! 
myrtle :  783-817. 


A.NALVMS.  WAV 

WH\K    VIII. 

^NF-AS'    VISIT   TO   KVANDKR    IN    ARrADIA. 

TfR\lt>  hoists  the  »if;nal  of  war  on  the  caxtlc  of  I jurmtiitn.  an.!  fh.-  mnfivlcrate  chirflatfM 
rally  their  force»  rouiul  it  ;  while  Venuluit  is  sent  a»  a  special  envoy,  •  ittte,  t«»  the  i»urt 

of  Ditmirde.  who,  niter  the  Trojan  war,  harl  >ctilc<l  in  Apulia,  and  hin.i  tm  •  V-.'vnna  :  I    17.  I 

Meanwhile  .Tinea*,  trouhletl  at  the  HirQ-«»f  event»,  i»  visited  in  a  dtram  by  thr  I,  I'iljeriiiuv 

who  .iilviscs  hitn  to  st-rk  alliance  with  k%andcr,  the  I-  VnadiV,  •        ' 

Aventinc  hill,  alterw.irds  .T  pjrt  of  the  ilfy  ol  Rtune,  ,  :ik(  hiii^  .1 

the  ^rand    citiei*   to  ari>ie  on    the   Tdier  :   iS  65.     ( >n  awakui^'.  /luica*   pray    to  the    i-i 

nymphs,  atui  to  father  'liU-rinus  ;  and  ;.clectin>;   a  roiipic  ol   ij.illcv!',  he  prepares  to  cm: r 

Arcadia,  when  unexjxTtedly  he  iliscovcrs,  under  the  hollies  frin^;in^J  (he  T ilx;r,  a  white  viw  and 
pi^s  — the  omen  mentionol  hy  Ilelenus  (i{<M)k   III.  389-392),  as  desijjnatinvj  the  site  of  his  future 
city  ;  and  forthwith  ho  sacrinces  them    to  Juno  (as  enjoinetl  liy  Helenu"^,  H.    III.  437-9).  and  em 
harks  for  Arca<lia  :  6<>-8o.     A  deli^;htful  sail  up  the  smooth  TiN     "  them  at  noon  i-.  f 

the  castle  and   city  ol    r.tllanteum  :  Ki-ioi.     <  In    that   day,  it   !.  .    th.it    Kv.mder 

people  were  en^javjcd  in  an  .innivcrsary  festival  in  honor  of  Her*.iile>,  their  deliverer  ;  at 
nmlst  ol  their  least  they  are  startlml  by  the  sij^ht  of  approachinfj  vessels  :  I'allas,  thejonof  1 
rushing;  to  a  mound  in  front,  challenjjes  the  strangers  ;  but  their  friendly  signals  allay  hisfcar»,  and, 
learning  who  they  are,  and  their  errand,  he  invites  them  ashore:   102-125.    >'^'-i>cas,  being  admitted 
to  the  presence  of  the  king,  addresses  him,  referring  to  their  common  ancestry,  and  states  thi.s  as 
a  reason  for  his  coming  in  |K'rson,  instead  t>f  sending  ambassadors,  a-   '  'scs  a  m';' 

against  their  common  f<K's.  the  Kutuliar»  :    i::0  141.      Kvander  com[.i  .  replies,: 

fact  of  his  once  having  met  /Viu  hi-cs  in   .Arcadia  when  he  was  on   a  vi>it  to  his  sister  in    ~ 
who  gave  him  a  keepsake,  whit  h  hi>  son,  Tallas,  still   retaineil  ;  and  so,  accctling  to  the  i 
he  invites  /Kncas  and  his  comrades  to  join  in  the  fcstiviliesof  the  day.  and  orders  the  feast  renewed  : 
142-183.    The  feast  over,  Evander  explains  the  origin  of  the  day's  celebration,  by  relating  the  story 
of  Cacus,  a  noted  robl)er,  son  of  Vulcan,  the  terror  of  the  region,  whose  den  was  in  the  Aventine 
mount,  but  whom  Hercules,  when  rctunnng  from  the  slaughter  of  the  (ieryon,  slew  for  '      • 

s«mie  of  his  lin-rian  cattle,  and  so  dcliveritl  them  from  the  terrible  pest  :  at  the  close  of  th 
all  join  in  the  celebration  :  184-279.  In  the  evening  they  are  entertainetl  by  a  torch-light 
sion,  ending  in  a  rustic  dance  and  song  m  pniise  of  the  hero  of  the  day  :  2S0-305.  1 
returns  to  the  city,  leaning  on  the  arm  of  his  guest  and  his  son.  and  wiles  the  time  by  sketchnig 
the  history  of  the  early  settlers  ot  Italy  from  Saturn,  their  founder,  on,  and  |>oints  out  to  his  guest 
the  various  |>laccs  of  interest,  which  in  after  times  Ix'camc  celebrities  in  Rome  ;  until,  arriving  at  his 
humble  abode,  when,  with  an  apology  lor  its  humbleness,  invites  his  guest  in,  spreads  a  r  '  f 
le-avcs  with  a  l)car-skin,  and  leaves  him  to  repose  for  the  mght :  306  3fsS.  In  the  meantini'  ■ 
alarmed  at  the  asjK-ct  of  events,  entreats  Vulcan  to  forge  her  son  a  suit  of  invincible  armtir,  win,  [1. 
he  cheerfully  engages  to  do  :  369-  406.  A  graphic  description  of  Vulcan's  .T.tnxn  fi 
the  Cyclops  work -shop  is  given  :  407-453.  At  early  dawn  Kvandcr  visits  his  guest, 
an  alliance  also  with  the  Etruscan  prnice,  Tarchon,  who  ha<l  just  revoltml  from 
Agylla,  and  agrees  to  send  his  sou,  Pallas,  to  the  war  under  /Kneas  :  454-519.  In  the  midst  of  the 
interview  Venus  gives  a  signal  of  the  imjx-nding  conflict— the  clang  of  glittering  armor  in  the  sky  — 
which  /Eneas  explains  :  520-540.  They  ratify  their  mutual  treaty  :  when  /Eneas  revisits  his  com- 
rades on  the  beach,  and  sends  a  ^lelcg.^tion  to  report  his  suct  Ins  :  the  rest  of  the  Tro- 
jans arc  furnishe<l  with  steeds  by  Evander:  541  552.  With  :  t  their  host,  they  depart 
on  horse-back,  escorted  by  the  Arcadian  troops,  to  the  campot  larchon  near  the  river  Cxr6  :  553- 
607.  Venus  in  a  vale  meets  and  presc.its  her  s<:>n  with  the  armor  just  forgetl  by  VuK  an,  at  sight  «>f 
which  he  is  enraptured.  Taking  up  each  piece,  he  tests  its  weight,  ami  on  the  shield  sees  delineated, 
in  elalx)ratc  design,  Rome's  history,  which,  unaware  of  its  full  impoit,  he  admires,  aud  thco  lifts  to 
hi.s  shoulders  the  fates  of  his  posterity-  the  shield  of  his  destiny  :  OoS-731. 

BOOK  IX. 

TflE  EPISODE  OF   NISUS  AND  ErRYAI.fS. 

JfNO  sends  Iri<;  down  to  incite  Tumus  to  attack  the  Trojans  in  camp  during  the  .nhsence  of 
ytneas  :  1-24.  Accordingly,  the  conletlerate  hosts  threaten  the  garrison;  but  the  Trojans,  having 
been  strictly  charged  by  /Eucas  not  to  venture  outside  the  gates,  await  the  onset :  25-45.    Turnus, 


lie  arm»)r,  win,  ti. 
furnaces,  ai.d  otS 
it,  and  pro|M)s«-sJ 
m    Mezcntius  10 


XXXVl  ANALYSIS. 

on  his  Thracian  charger,  rides  up  and  insultingly  tosses  a  javelin  over  the  walls  ;  but,  being  unable 
to  dislodge  them,  he  in  chagrin  orders  his  troops  to  fire  the  fleet  :  46-75.  The  Muses  again 
invoked  to  recall  from  the  dim  past  the  legend  to  account  for  the  fleet's  rescue  — His  mother  Cybele 
once  obtained  from  Jupiter  the  solemn  promise  of  immunity  for  her  sacred  pines  on  Moimt  Ida, 
from  which  the  ships  were  built  ;  and,  at  the  critical  moment,  the  vessels  are  transformed  into 
sea-nymphs,  and  float  away  unharmed  :  76-122.  Rutulians  are  amazed  ;  but  Turnus  interprets  it 
as  an  ill  omen  for  the  Trojans  :  both  armies  set  guards  and  await  the  morrow  :  123-135.  Nisus 
and  Euryalus,  boon  companions,  while  on  sentry  duty  together  guarding  the  gate,  concoct  a  plan 
of  apprising  ^ncas  of  the  state  of  affairs,  and  re])ort  it  to  the  chiefs,  who  applaud  its  heroism,  and 
cheer  them  on  by  presents  and  promises  :  Ascanius  gives  special  assurances  to  Euryalus  respecting 
his  mother,  without  whose  knowledge  the  venture  is  risked  ;  and  so,  when  duly  equipped,  they 
are  escorted  to  the  gate,  and  sent  forth  with  benisons  :  176-313.  They  proceed  in  the  darkness 
to  the  Rutulian  camp,  ere  starting  on  their  hazardous  journey  to  Pallanteum,  and  there  make  fear- 
ful liavoc,  but  escape  loaded  with  spoils  :  314-336.  Meanwhile  a  squad  of  cavalry  under  Volscens,^ 
on  their  way  from  Laurentum,  intercepts  them  :  Euryalus,  betrayed  by  his  new-donned  helmet 
gleaming  in  the  midnight,  is  taken  :  Nisus,  having  meanwhile  reached  a  place  of  safety,  missing 
his  friend,  returns  to  his  rescue,  but  in  vain  ;  for,  ere  he  is  able  to  reach  him,  he  is  slain  by  Vol- 
scens :  his  death  avenged  by  Nisus  slaymg  the  slayer,  who  then  falls  on  the  body  of  his  friend 
pierced  by  many  wounds  :  337-445.  The  poet  pays  a  beautiful  tribute  to  the  heroic  pair  :  446- 
449.  The  squad  take  up  the  iDody  of  their  dead  chief  slain  by  Nisus,  and,  cutting  off  the  heads  of 
Nisus  and  Euryalus,  proceed  to  the  camp,  where  they  find  mourning  and  consternation  over  the 
slaughter  done  by  the  two  heroes  ;  and  fixing  their  two  heads  on  spears,  they  display  them  to  the 
view  of  the  dismayed  Trojans:  450-472.  Rumor  thereof  reaches  the  ears  of  Euryalus'  mother, 
who,  leaving  her  loom,  gives  vent  to  depressing  lamentations  ;  but,  to  prevent  its  efi'ect  on  the 
soldiers,  she  is  tenderly  conveyed  to  her  home  :  473-502.  The  trumpet  sounds,  and  the  exasper- 
ated Rutulians  assault  the  Trojan  entrenchments  and  attempt  to  scale  the  breast-works  :  503-524. 
The  poet  invokes  Calliope  to  ins]iire  him  in  depicting  the  havoc  ensuing  :  525-529.  Turnus  hurls 
a  brand,  and  sets  fire  to  a  tower  in  the  Trojan  garrison,  which  is  precipitated,  burying  many  in  its 
ruins :  a  desperate  struggle  by  two  survivors,  who,  liowever,  are  killed  by  Turnus  :  530-568. 
MiL'hty  deeds  of  valor  are  performed  on  both  sides  :  569-589.  The  vain  boaster,  Numanus,  is  shot 
M'ith  an  arrow  by  Ascanius,  who  is  applauded  for  the  exploit  by  Apollo,  but  warned  to  abstain 
from  further  like  ventures  :  570-671.  Fandarus  and  Bitias,  giant  brothers,  incautiously  open  the 
gate  and  attempt  a  repulse  :  672-690.  Turnus,  hurling  a  ponderous  falaric,  prostrates  iJitias  : 
691-716.  Mars  now  sides  with  the  Latins,  and  the  Trojans  fall  back  in  disorder  :  Pandarus,  en- 
raged at  his  brother's  death,  by  a  powerful  effort,  shuts  the  gates,  excluding  many  comrades,  but 
includes  Turnus,  who  spreads  havoc  and  consternation  among  the  Trojans  :  717-777.  Mnestheus 
and  Sergestus  at  length  iorce  him  step  by  step,  like  a  lion  at  hay,  to  the  wall,  when  he  suddenly 
leaps  from  the  battlement  into  the  Tiber,  and  swimming  away,  rejoins  his  comrades  :  778-818. 

BOOK  X. 

THE   BATTLE   RENEWED  ;   PALLAS   SLAIN    BY   TURNUS.  —     '     • 

Jupiter  calls  a  council  of  the  gods  in  Olympus,  and  deprecates  the  war:  the  speeches  of  Venus 
and  Juno  :  1-90.  Jupiter  solemnly  declares  that  both  jiarties  shall  be  treated  impartially,  but  the 
fates  must  decide  their  respective  lots,  and  ratifies  his  decision  by  a  nod  and  an  oath,  making  all 
Olympus  (juake  :  96-117.  The  Rutulians  renew  the  attack  on  the  Trojan  camp,  which  is  bravely  1 
resisted,  Ascanius  appearing  bare-headed  amid  the  chiefs  in  the  defense:  118-145.  Meq,n\vhil£j 
.(Eneas,  having  met  Tarchon  and  concluded  a  treaty  of  alliance  with  him,  embarks  the  Arcadian 
and  Etruscan  infantry  for  the  scene  of  war,  and  sails  by  night  gently  down  the  river  Tiber,  I'allas 
at  his  side  asking  questions  :  146-162.  Renewed  invocation  of  the  Muses  to  o]ien  Helicon,  and 
tell  the  chiefs  and  forces  of  the  allies  :  163-165.  These  enumerated  and  described  as  they  sail  by 
night  on  the  Tiber  in  their  thirty  transports:  166-214.  At  dawn  the  sea-nymphs— his  lately 
transformed  ships— greet  and  escort  the  hero,  their  chief,  Cymodoct',  explaining  who  and  what 
they  were  and  what  the  state  of  aiiairs  in  the  camp  ;  and  ajiprising  him  that  the  Arcadian  and 
Etruscan  cavalry  had  already  reached  their  ajipointed  posts,  and  that  Turnus  was  about  to  attack 
them  in  force,  bids  him  hasten  on  :  he,  with  a  prayer  to  Cybele,  presses  on  toward  the  camp  : 
215  257.  TJie  fleet  heaves  in  sight  of  the  Trojan  camp  :  yEneas  signals  his  approach  by  lilting 
aloft  his  invincible,  glittering  shield,  which  is  hailed  from  the  ramparts  with  shouts,  which  startle 
the  Rutulians  :  258-275,     Turnus,  at  once  rallies  his  troops  to  intercept  them,  as  they  attempt  to 


ANALYSIS.  XXXVU 


lan<l  :  Tarchon,  i-i  ' ■■    '•  •  •-  to  reach  the  »horc.   wreck»  hi- 
4urf ;  27<>  107,      !  ml  itn  rci^iil-x-,  in  ««liich  •»  Ui 


l(MI  .111    ll   > 

I  uiiiUit  «  ; 

li-ii^cs   I'.ili.is   to    viii^;|c  tiini.ii,   wliith  IS  aiit|iti<l  ;  aiiO,  alter  a 


ti 


slam,  411(1  rurtiu'>  t^'KC%  troll)  tl  -  '■  itc  iurni  the  tatal  IIALDKIC,  «!.,.  ,.  ...  . 

S40),  hut  he  yiiMs  the  l>o<!y  ii  .    to  tvaiidtT  :  4  o  500.     /tnca»,  Ic.. 

is  vouth:   ■  '  '  .     '  ,  .  '1 

in  the  Ki: 
mciits  tu 
sullenly  >' 
which,»!  ^  lurthcr  iir  .  Jupiter  v:rant>  :  J    Mic  p: 

»""'••"'    '  .    ..  hich  Turnus  ; —  ^j  it  real,  is  tlccnw  ...,,.  .,.|  otfoi  i!.. 

» :  'I  a  ship,  which  snai>s  its  hawser,  and  siiU  awijr  with  him  to  tl 

hi-"  i.itii     ,    :■    [ii;c  his  Ir.intic  li  "ions:  633-68S.      Mcmul    " 

t.ikcs  ilic  Ill-Ill,  and  rajien  like  <.\r,  slavint;  nianv  hr.ivi- 

fiK-.  and  many  a  hero  falls:   (  •  '' 

Venus  and  Juno,   with   varioi. 

marches  on,  j;rand  as  Orion,  makm^  havoc,  till  wounded   dv  .  i  v 

•  his  brave  son.  Lausus,  who  is  cut  down  by  /Eneas  who  in  pity  i ;..  ......  1 

dyin^;  ;  762-823,     Mezentius,  having;  by  reason  of  his  wound  been  disabled,  t 

a  tree  on  theltankof  the  TiU-r.  where  he  Icam.s  of  the  death  of  his  son,  and,railvi 
he,  i:    Jcspcrate  determination  to  avenge  the  death  of  his  son,  or  die   in  the   at 
war  horse,  Khcrlius,  wh'im  headdresses,  a-  -ly  rushes  .it' 

which  are  dexterously  caught  uu   thcchai..    eld,  till    at  k  J 

slays  Mczcutiub  :  824-90S. 

B(X)K  XI. 

FTNERAl.   OF   PALXAS.    AND   PEATH   OF  CAMILLA. 

/Enf.a?!  the  ncitt  day  erects  a  trophy  of  spoils  taken  from  Me/cntiu*,  and, cheering  his  01m- 
rades,  arranges  for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  and  tor  sending  the  body  of  Pallas  home:  1-28.  the 
lamentation  in  the  camp  over  Pallas,  and  the  tribute  to  him  by  /Eneas:  29-58.  A  wicker-birr  is 
then  wrought,  fe«tooiie<l  with  .      '       '  1  on  it  placetl  the  body,  m'     '         '  "  •   •      •  , 

1«^' war-hors:.  .Kthon,  and  lii~  Ij-xly. servant.  .Xcfctrs,  a-  .• 

hi-  s])ear  and  helmet,  and  an  cs«.i':  and  .Vrcadian»; 

starts  for  Pallanteum:  59-99.     A  in  Laurcntuin  ai  1. 

ties  for  the  burial  of  thc<lea<l.  which  is  rcceivetl.  ar.d  an  armistice  (;rante<l    l>.  ,  and   mutital 

preparations  arc  arran^;ed  accord iiikjly:    ico  13S.      ihc  cavalcade  rciche»  I'.i ....»   at  everunu;, 

and  is  met  by  a  torch-li^;ht  priKession:  the  pathetic  prief  and  lament  of  av;etJ  Kvander  over  the  bier 
of  his  son:   139-181.     The   unique   funerals  of  Trojans  and  Ktruscans .'         '     '     :-'    -  ihe 

I ^tin  funerals  and  rival  pvres  ar.J  burials:  203-212.      Mourriim;  in    I„.  1   by 

I'  :  Turiius:  213-224.     The  :  the  ci.  ; 

1  d  by  I^tinus  to  hear  tl  ■•.:  thr  :  * 

advice  to  alKtain  from  war  with  the  Trojans:  225-J95.     The  > 

of  Latinus  deprecating  war  ami  counselling  j>cace:  he  suggests  tii-  , .     1 .    y...  -  .. 

tract  of  land  alon^  the  upper  waters  of  the  Tilxrr;  or.  if  they   prefer  it,  fu  thcin   mate- 
rials f)r  vcs^ls  for  en. —       .  and  advises  so:- '•   -     '       •'          '— s  toeiuvt  :  • 

-Q*'  535-     Frances  sf  kind's  plan,  wr  -t  Tumus,  u 

accept  the  challen(:e  ul  ' 

test  of  valor:  37'>-444.     M 

sc»iuent   alarm;    the   council   proroiijiied  ;  l^tinu.s  v,    and    1  unui»  ■  -     lor 

battle:  445  472.     The  city    is  at   once   thrown    in  iic  queen   and  hi..    ..         'ii.ts 

repair  to  the  temple  to  pray  for  Tumus,  and  invoke  venijeance  on  /tneas:  473  4X5.     Th 

equipment  of  Turnus  ilescrilicti  as  he  v'ocs  forth  fr^m  the  city;  he  is  met  at   ■' •-  ' 

and  her  wcll-mounte<l  cavalry,  and  the  plan»  tor  the  battle  arc  concerteil:  « 

niaiid  at  the  city,  mIi  Ic   Turnus  i  *  in  .1  d   ' 

relates  to  Upis  tKc  early  history  ol      ^j  her  iu.  i 


XXXVIU  ANALYSIS. 

avenge  it:  532-596.  The  sanguinary  engagement  between  the  Trojan  and  Etruscan  cavahy  on 
the  one  side,  and  Cainiila  and  her  regiments  on  the  oihcr:  597-647.  The  daring  exploits  of 
Camilla;  her  eager  pursuit  of  a  boasting  Ligurian,  and  his  fate:  648-724.  Tarchon's  rally  and 
charge,  and  his  feat  in  capturing  Venulus:  725-759.  Arruns  stealthily  follows  Camilla,  while  she 
is  pursuing  the  gaily  dressed  Chlorus;  and,  watching  his  chance,  fatally  wounds  her;  her  hasty  mes- 
sage by  her  adjutant,  Acca,  to  Turnus,  to  come  at  once  to  the  rescue  and  assume  command; 
her  death:  760-835.  Opis  finds  Arruns  skulking,  chides  him,  and  sends  an  arrow  of  vengeance 
through  his  heart:  836-867.  The  rout  of  the  Rutulians  at  the  fall  of  Camilla;  they  rush  to  the 
city  in  a  panic;  the  desperate  fight  of  the  Latin  women  on  the  walls:  868-885.  Meanwhile  Acca 
reaches,  and  apprises  Turnus  of  Camilla's  death  and  the  rout  of  the  Rutulians.  In  consterna- 
tion he  leaves  his  ambush,  and  wrathfully  hastens  back  to  the  city,  while  ^Eneas  unobstructedly 
passes  the  defile  and  gains  the  open  plain.  The  two,  with  their  squads,  gallop  over  the  plains 
in  sight  of  each  other  towards  the  city,  but  halt  and  camp  apart  outside,  awaiting  the  morrow: 
896-915. 

BOOK  xn. 

THE    FINAL    ISSUE— THE    DEATH    07   TURNUS. 

The  Latins,  having  been  beaten  in  two  battles,  demand  that  Turnus  fulfill  his  promise 
and  meet  JEnesLS  in  single  combat,  who  sullenly  agrees:  I-17.  Latinus  urges  Turnus  to  seek  a 
bride  elsewhere,  and  yield  to  manifest  destiny:  18-44.  Turnus  responds  in  conciliatory  tone  to 
the  king,  but  in  defiance  of /Eneas:  45-53.  (^)ueen  Amata  entreats  him  not  to  venture,  and  the 
blushing  Lavinia  confuses  him,  rendering  him  frantic:  54-80.  He  inspects  his  steeds  and  his 
armor:  S1-106.  yEneas  receives  the  challenge  of  Turnus,  and  accepts,  sending  back  his  terms: 
107-II2.  The  mouarchs  on  both  sides  appear  at  the  ratification,  each  graphically  described; 
.^Eneas  first  stepping  forth,  solemnly  attests  his  acceptance,  stating  the  conditions:  161-194. 
Latinus  responds,  and  with  equal  solemnity  ratifies  his  approval:  I95-215.  Turnus  in  turn  states 
sullenly  his  acceptance,  when  a  murmur  runs  through  the  attendant  ranks,  and  Juturna,  the  dei- 
fied sister  of  Turnus,  taking  advantage  of  the  opportunity,  precipitates  a  renewal  of  hostilities 
by  a  rupture  of  the  truce:  216-276.  One  of  the  nine  sons  of  the  Arcadian  Gylippus  is  slain  by 
the  tilted  spear  of  the  augur  Tolumnius,  when  instantly  the  battle  begins:  Latinus  in  dismay  flees, 
and  shuts  himself  in  his  palace,  while  the  conflict  spreads:  277-288.  Messapus  charges,  while 
./Eneas;  in  solemn  utterance,  demands  cessation  and  the  fulfilments  of  the  ratified  but  now  violated 
compact:  289-323.  Turnus  takes  command  in  person,  and  spreads  havoc  through  the  Trojan 
ranks:  324-383.  /Eneas,  seeing  the  trend  of  matters,  flies  to  arms,  and  in  the  encounter  is  shot 
by  a  stray  arrow  in  his  foot,  and  limps  away  bleeding  to  the  rear,  where  the  bustling  leach,  laspis, 
endeavors  in  vain  to  extract  the  steel,  until  Venus  secretly  drugs  the  lotion  used,  and  heals  him, 
and  he  again  rushes  to  the  fight:  384-445.  Turnus  quails,  as  he  sees  him  advancing  with  his 
column,  and  Juturna,  perceiving  her  brother's  peril,  pitches  his  charioteer,  Metiscus,  ofl",  and 
assuming  herself  the  reins,  drives  the  chariot  away,  eluding  /Eneas:  446-487.  The  surge  of  bat- 
tle on  both  sides  deepens:  488-554.  The  determination  of /Eneas  to  fire  the  town;  his  impetuous 
charge,  and  the  consternation  ensuing  within  the  wails  :  555-592.  In  the  midst  of  it,  queen 
Amaia  in  desperation  hangs  herself:  593-603.  The  dismay  and  mourning  it  occasions:  604-613. 
Turnus  catches  the  distant  sounds  of  wailing  in  the  town,  while  chasing  a  few  straggling  desert- 
ers on  the  outskirts  of  the  plain,  whither  his  sister  had  driven  his  chariot,  and  rebnkt.'S  licr, 
sternly;  a  messenger,  bespattered  with  blood,  apprises  him  of  the  crisis,  and  he  retur'vs  full  of 
defiant  wrath:  614-695.  /Eneas  rejoices  at  seeing  him,  advances  to  meet  him,  clanging  his  ; 
armor  in  defiance:  all  stand  aghast  as  the  champions  close  in  light:  696-724.  Jupiter  poises  tljej 
issue  in  his  scales:  in  the  onset  the  sword  of  Turnus  snaps  at  the  hilt,  being  that  of  his  chai-ioteer 
and  not  liis  own.  He  flees,  begging  loudly  for  his  own  sword,  hotly  pursued  by  /Eneas:  725-765. 
The  spear  of /Eneas,  hurled  at  his  antagonist,  gliding  by,  sticks  fast  in  the  root  of  a  tree,  which  is 
wrenched  out  by  Venus,  while  Juturna  restores  to  Turnus  his  own  sword;  and  once  more  the 
champions  stand  face  to  face  in  the  final  death-struggle:  766-790.     Jupiter  meanwhile  chides  Juno, 

^  who  now,  having  received  the  concession  that  the  Latins  may  retain  tiieir  name  and  language, 
retires:  791-842.  Jupiter  accordingly  withdraws  Juturna  trom  l.er  brother's  side  by  a  doath-oniei), 
and  she  in  inconsolable  grief  departs  from  the  scene:  842-886.  The  champions  now,  freed  from 
all  impediments,  meet.  Turnus  hurls  an  enormous  stone,  m  hich  falls  short  of  its  mark,  and  /Eneas 
sends  a  spear  crashing  through  shield  and  armor,  and  jMcrces  the  groin  of  Turnus,  who  falls  and 

«wmiMirrenders,  but  entreats  that  his  body  be  restored  to  his  friends:  /Eneas  is  ou  the  point  of  relent- 
ing and  sparing  him,  when  he  espies  the  fatal  HAI.i>ric  of  Pallas  on  his  prostrate  foe,  and  with 
exasperated  wrath,  in  vengeance  plunges  his  sword  in  him,  and  Turnus  dies:  887-952. 


THE  yENHID 


Book 

II. 

Book 

II. 

Book 

II. 

Book  IV. 

Book 

V. 

Book  VII 

ERRATA. 

Line  263,  for  Neoplotemus,  read  Neoptolemus. 

Line  318,  for  Achians,  read  Achaians. 

Line  524,  for  spoke,  read  spoken. 

Line  244,  for  withhold,  read  withholds;  period  omitted 

at  end  of  line. 
Line  106,  for  Aceste's,  read  Acestes'. 
Line  682,  for  Preneste,  read  Preneste. 


( 


run   nxniD. 


BOOK  I 


Bound  for  Italii  the  fleet  of  ZEneas.  by  malice  of  Juno, 

Strands  on  the  Libyan  coast,  and  is  welcomed  by  Dido  to  Carthage. 

[/  am  he,  wlio  aforetink  tuned  to  a  delicate  oat-reed 

Pastoral  song  ;  and,  tlie  woodlands  leaving,  compelled  the  adjacent 

Fields  to  submit  to  the  pUnvman  s  culture,  hoioex'er  exacting  ; 

Grateful  the  senice  to  farmers  ;  but  now  of  the  horrors  of  dread  Mars.] 


Arms  and  the  hero  I  sing,  who  of  old  from  the  borders  of  Troja 
Came  to  Italia,  banished  by  fate  to  Lavinia's  destined 
Seacoasts  :  much  was  he  tossed  on  the  lands  and  the  deep  by  enlisted 
Might  of  sii|Xirnals,  through  ruthless  Juno's  remembered  resentn:ent  : 
Much,  too,  he  suffered  in  warfare,  while  he  was  foundmga  city,  5 

And  into  Latium  bearing  his  gods  :  whence  issued  the  Latin 
Race,  and  the  Alban  fathers,  and  walls  of  imix-rial  Roma. 

Mind  me,  ()  Muse,  of  the  causes,  in  what  her  divinity  outraged, 
Or  why  offended  the  queen  of  the  gods  in  so  many  disasters 

Made  a  man  famed  fur  his  piety  roll,  and  so  many  a  hardship  lo 

Drove  to  endure.     Have  celestial  souls  such  utter  resentments  ? 

Carthage,  a  primitive  city,  which  Tyrian  colonists  settled. 
Stood  once  fronting  Italia,  and  far  in  the  distance  the  Til>er's 
Mouths  ;  in  resources  rich,  and  austerest  in  habits  of  warfare. 
Which,  more  highly  than  all  lands,  Juno  is  said  to  have  singly  15 

Cherished,  regarding  een  Samos  subordinate  :  here  was  her  armor  ; 
Here  was  her  chariot  :  the  goddess  that  this  should  a  kingdom  for  nations 
Be,  if  the  fates  would  allow  it,  already  devises  and  covets  : 
But  she  had  still  of  an  issue  to  spring  from  the  blotxl  of  a  Trojan 
Heard,  which  in  process  of  lime  would  demolish  the  Tyrian  castles.  ao 


2  THE    ^NEID. 

Hence  would  a  people  of  wide  domain,  and  in  battle  relentless, 
Come  unto  Libya's  downfall  :  so  would  the  destinies  reel  it. 
Fearful  of  this  was  Saturnia,  and  mindful  of  previous  warfare, 
Which  she  at  Troja  of  old  had  waged  for  her  favorite  Argos  : 
Nor  had  the  causes  as  yet  of  resentment,  and  rancorous  umbrage,  25 

Dropped  from  her  soul  :  there  remain  still  deep  in  her  memory  hoarded 
Paris'  invidious  verdict,  the  insult  of  spurning  her  beauty. 
Aye,  and  that  odious  race,  and  the  kidnapped  Ganymede's  honors. 
. .  Fired  yet  further  by  these,  on  the  whole  main  she  was  the  storm-tossed 
-  Trojans,  the  residue  left  by  the  Danai  and  ruthless  Achilles,  30 

Forcing  afar  from  Latmm  ;  they  were  through  many  a  long  year 
Wandering,  driven  around  by  the  fates  over  every  high  sea. 
Such  was  the  labor  immense  of  founding  the  Roman  Republic. 

Scarcely  were  they  on  the  deep,  out  of  sight  of  Sicily's  headland, 
Spreading  elated  their  sails,  and  with  bronze  beak  plowing  the  sea-foam,  35 

/  When  in  her  bosom  Juno  still  nursing  the  fester  eternal 
Thus  with  herself  :  "  Am  I,  overcome,  to  desist  from  my  project. 
Able  not  even  to  bar  from  Italia  the  kmg  of  the  Teucrans  ? 
Vetoed  forsooth  by  the  fates  !  Could  Pallas  a  fleet  of  the  Argives 
Burn,  and  the  Argives  themselves  submerge  in  the  depths  of  the  ocean,  40 

All  for  the  trespass  of  one,  and  the  craze  of  Oilean  Ajax  ? 
Down  from  the  clouds  she,  the  swift-shot  lightning  of  Jupiter  darting. 
Shattered  their  crafts,  and  upturned  by  the  winds  the  expanse  of  the  waters  ; 
Him,  still  breathing  out  flames  from  his  breast  by  a  thunderbolt  riven. 
Caught  she  away  in  a  whirlwind,  and  fixed  on  a  tapering  rock-crag  :  45 

Yet  here  am  I,  who  parade  as  the  queen  of  the  gods,  and  withal,  too, 
Jupiter's  sister  and  spouse,  for  so  many  a  year  with  the  one  tribe 
Waging  a  warfare  ;  who  then  does  Juno's  divinity  worship 
Henceforth,  or  will  as  suppliant  sacrifice  lay  on  her  altars  ?  " 

Thus  by  herself  did  the  goddess,  with  heart  all  ablaze  as  she  ponders,         50 
Straight  to  the  country  of  storms,  spots  pregnant  with  furious  South-winds, 
Come  to  yF>olia.     Here  King  ^.olus,  deep  in  a  dismal 
Cavern,  the  struggling  winds,  and  the  loudly  reveberant  tempests. 
Checks  at  command,  and  in  fetters  and  prison  incarcerate  curbs  them  ; 
They,  all  indignant  the  while  with  a  mighty  uproar  of  the  mountain,  55 

Round  their  enclosures  rave.     High  ^olus  sits  in  his  castle. 
Swaying  his  sceptres,  and  quiets  their  spirits  and  tempers  their  passions  ; 
Did  he  not,  they  would  the  seas,  and  the  lands,  and  the  limitless  heaven, 
Verily  bear  swift  with  them,  and  sweep  ihem  away  through  the  welkin. 
But  the  omnipotent  father  hath  hid  them  in  caverns  of  darkness,  60 


BOOK   I.  3 

Giinrdini;;  ajjainsi  this,  and  o'er  ihcm  a  mass  and  the  loftiest  monnfnifi» 
I'ilcil,  anil  assigned  ihcm  a  monarch,  who  mi};ht,  by  adcluulc  < 
Know  how  to  check,  and  to  give  them  the  slackened  reins  as  commanded. 
To  him  then  Juno  as  suppliant  used  these  suhtile  pursuasions  : 

"  -lOolus,  seeing  the  father  of  gods  and  the  sovereign  of  mortals  65 

Thee  hath  assigned  to  allay  and  awaken  the  waves  by  the  wild  winds, 
On  the  Tyrrhenian  main  is  a  nation,  mine  enemy,  sailing, 
Ilium  into  Italia  bearing,  anil  vanquished,  their  home-gtxis. 
Smite  thou  a  force  in  the  winds,  anti  o'erwhclmingly  founder  their  vessels  ; 
Or  come,  scatter  asunder  their  carcasses  over  the  ocean.  ;c 

Twice  seven  nymphs  there  are  of  mine  own  of  unparalleled  lieauty  ; 
Thee  to  the  fairest  in  form  of  them  all,  to  DeioiKia, 
Will  I  in  durable  wedlock  join,  and  thine  own  will  pronounce  her, 
That  she  may  with  thee  all  of  her  years,  for  such  merited  service, 
SjK'nd,  and  maternally  make  thee  the  parent  of  beautiful  offspring."  75 

/Kolus  thus  in  res|K)nse  :  "  O  Queen,  whatsoever  thou  wishest 
Thine  is  the  task  to  explore  ;  my  due  is  to  meet  thy  requirements. 
Thou  whatsoever  is  mine,  this  kingdom,  my  sceptre,  and  Jove,  too, 
Winnest  me,  grantest  me  thou  to  recline  at  the  deities'  lianquets. 
Yea,  and  thou  makest  me  potentate  also  of  storms  and  of  tem|K'sts."  80 

'Ihese  words  s{X)ken,  with  uptwirled  barb  he  the  cavernous  mountain 

Jl'hrust  in  the  tlank,  and  the  winds  forthwith,  like  a  marshalled  battalion, 
Rush  where  the  portals  have  yielded,  and  blow  o'er  the  lands  in  a  cyclone  : 
Down  on  the  sea  they  have  swooped,  and  the  whole  to  its  nethermost  soundings 
Surge  they  at  once,  the  East-wind  and  South,  and,  surcharged  with  tornadoes,  85 
Afric's  sorocco  ;  ponderous  roll  to  the  beaches  the  billows. 
Shouts  of  the  seamen  ensue,  and  the  stridulous  creaking  of  cordage  ; 
Darkening  clouds  of  a  sudden  away  both  the  sky  and  the  day-light 
Snatch  from  the  eyes  of  the  Teucrans  :  night  broods  dark  on  the  ocean. 
Thundered  the  ix)Ies,  and  the  firmament  glitters  with  flashes  incessant  ;  90 

All  things  seemingly  threaten  immetliate  death  to  the  heroes. 
Straightway  relaxed  by  a  shivering  chill  are  the  limbs  of  .4Cneas  ; 

-Deeply  he  groans,  and,  extending  his  two  palms  ruefully  stnnvard, 
Thus  with  his  voice  breaks  forth  :  O  thrice  and  quadruple  happy 
They,  who  in  sight  of  their  sires^  'neath  Troja's  imperial  ram|virts,  95 

Chanced  to  expire  !  O  Tydides,  most  brave  of  the  race  of  the  Danai, 
Why  could  it  not  have  been  mine  to  have  fallen  on  Ilium's  blood-drenched 
Plains,  and  have  jxiured  this  life  by  thy  right  hand  out,  where  the  ruthless 
Hector  lies  low  by  /Kacides'  shaft,  where  the  ipighty  Sarpcdon 
Glorious  rests,  where  the  Samois,  caught  in  its  surges/  joo 


4  THE    ^NEID. 

Rolls  on  bucklers,  and  helmets,  and  brawniest  bodies  of  heroes  ?  " 
While  thus  casting  about,  from  the  north  has  a  roaring  tornado 
Stricken  aback  his  sails,  and  is  heaving  the  waves  to  the  planets. 
Snapped  at  the  thwarts  are  the  oars  ;  then  broaches  the  prow,  and  the  broadside 
Swings  to  the  billows  ;  precipitous  tumbles  a  mountain  of  waters.  105 

These  on  the  top-wave  hang,  and  those  does  the  billow  in  yawning 
Lay  bare  the  earth  in  the  troughs,  and  the  undertow  burrows  the  bottom. 
Three  does  the  south-wind,  snatching  up,  hurl  on  insidious  ledges — 
Ledges  th'  Italians  call  in  the  midst  of  the  billows  the  Altars — 
Ridges  immense  at  the  sea-line:  the  east  wind  three  from  the  deep  sea  no 

Urges  amain  on  the  shoals  and  the  quicksands,  grievous  to  witness  I 
Runs  them  aground  on  the  shallows,  and  girds  them  around  with  a  sand-bank. 
One,  that  was  wafting  the  Lycian  troops  and  the  faithful  Orontes, 
Right  in  sight  of  his  own  eyes,  down  from  its  summit  a  huge  sea 
Strikes  on  the  stern-deck:  pitched  from  his  perch,  and  prone,  is  the  helmsman   115 
Rolled  off  headlong  !     Three  times  whirling,  the  wave  in  the  same  spot 
Spins  her  around,  and  the  swift-flowing  eddy  in  ocean  engulfs  her. 
Sparsely  are  seen  there  floating  about  in  the  fathomless  whirlpool, 
Armor  of  men  on  the  billows  and  timbers  and  treasures  of  Troja. 
Now  has  Ilioneus'  staunch  ship,  now  that  of  valient  Achates;  120 

That  in  which  Abas  was  wafted,  and  that  of  the  aged  Aletes 
Hapless  succumbed  to  the  storm:  through  the  loosened  seamsof  their  broadsides 
All  take  in  the  inimical  shower,  and  gape  with  the  fissures. 

Meanwhile  the  ocean  embroiled  in  a  mightily  murmuring  uproar, 
Storms  let  loose,  and  the  stilled  depths  stirred  to  their  netherniost  soundings,    125 
Neptune  profoundly  shocked  hath  perceived;  and,  up  from  the  deep  sea 
Gazing  abroad,  hath  his  calm  head  raised  o'er  the  crests  of  the  billows. 
There  he  discovers  all  over  the  surface  the  fleet  of  ^neas 
Strown,  and  the  Trojans  oppressed  by  the  waves  and  the  ruin  of  heaven: 
Not  unaware  was  her  brother  of  Juno's  intrigue  and  resentment:  130 

Summons  he  to  him  the  East-wind  and  West-wind,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  them; 

"  Hath  such  a  confidence  then  in  your  high-born  pedigree  seized  you, 
That  ye  now  heaven  and  earth,  without  my  divinity's  sanction, 
Dare,  O  ye  winds,  to  embroil,  and  to  heap  up  these  mountainous  masses  ? 
Whom  I — but  first  it  behoves  me  to  quell  the  tumultuous  billows:  135 

Ye  shall  atone  me  offences  by  no  like  penance  hereafter. 
Instantly  hasten  your  flight,  and  this  message  convey  to  your  sovereign: 
*  Not  unto  him  do  the  sway  of  the  sea  and  the  terrible  trident 
Fall,  but  to  me  by  allotment:  he  tenants  the  desolate  rock-lands, 
Your  habitations,  O  East-wind;  there  in  his  palace  himself  let  •    140 


BOOK    I.  5 

-•Kolus  bluster,  and  reign  o'er  his  clwsc-Uirrcd  prison  of  storm  winds." 

Sjxikc  he.  and  tjiiicker  than  speech  he  asMiai^c;*  the  turlmlenl  waiei^. 
Puts  he  to  flight  the  collected  clouds,  and  discUccs  the  sunshine. 
Triton  at  once,  and  Cymothoe,  pushing  amain  from  the  sharp  crag 
Heave  off  the  vessels;  himself,  loo,  easing  them  up  with  his  trident,  145 

Opens  the  fathomless  quicksands  artd  temjxrrs  the  face  of  the  waters: 
Then  in  his  chariot  lightly  he  glides  o'er  the  crests  of  the  billows; 
Just  as  when  oft,  in  the  midst  of  a  mighty  assembly,  a  ram|>ant 
Riot  has  risen,  and  rage  in  their  souls  the  contemptible  rabble: 
Now  fly  torches  and  cobbles,  for  fury  supplies  them  with  weajxins;  150 

Then,  if  jx;rchance  they  a  man  for  his  virtues  and  piety  honored 
Spy,  they  are  silent,  and  riveted  stand  on  the  stretch  of  attention: 
He  by  his  arguments  governs  their  passions,  and  quiets  their  bosoms: 
So  all  the  roar  of  the  ocean  subsided,  when  over  its  surface 
Gazing,  the  father,  upwafted  in  open  heaven,  his  coursers  155 

Turns,  and  away  as  he  flies  gives  reins  to  his  prosperous  chariot. 

Weary  at  length,  the  -Kneans  the  shores  which  are  nearest  by  scudding 
Struggle  to  reach,  and  are  rounded  away  to  the  Libyan  headlands: 
There,  in  a  deep  recess,  is  a  s|X)t,  where  an  island  a  harlnjr 
Forms  by  its  upthrown  sides,  on  which  every  wave  from  the  deep  sea  160 

Broken  is  checked,  and  distributes  itself  into  separate  bayous. 
Frowning  on  either  side  are  stupendous  cliffs,  and  their  twin-peaks 
Threaten  in  heaven,  and  under  their  summits  protected  the  waters 
Widely  are  silent;  while  there,  in  the  shimmering  woods,  is  an  arbor; 
Darkly  a  thicket  o'erhangs  it  above  with  its  horrible  shadows;  165 

Under  Us  opfwsite  front  with  its  |x*ndulous  cliffs  is  a  grotto. 
In  It  are   sweetest  of  waters  and  benches  of  natural  granite — 
Home  of  the  nymphs:  no  cables  here  ever  are  holding  the  storm-racked 
Vessels;  no  anchor,  with  grapplingfluke,  to  their  moorings  secures  them. 
Hither  /Kneas  with  seven  ships  gathered  at  length  from  the  whole  fleet's  170 

Number,  retreats,  and  the  Trojans,  with  longings  intense  for  the  mainland, 
(Had  disembark  from  on  board,  anti,  enjoying  the  coveted  sand-beach. 
Eagerly  straighten  their  brine-drenched  joints  to  re|X>se  on  the  seashore. 

Now  at  the  outset.  Achates  a  sjxirk  struck  out  of  a  flint-stone; 
Caught  he  the  fire  on  the  leaves,  and  the  i\ry  combustibles  round  it  175 

Furnished  abundant,  and  rapidly  fanned  up  a  flame  in  the  fuel. 
Then  they  the  cereals  soaked  by  the  waves  and  utensils  of  Ceres, 
Weary  of  hazards,  unlade,  and  the  fruits  that  were  saved  from  the  ship  stores 
Bring,  and  prepare  in  the  flames  to  parch,  and  on  granite  to  crush  them. 

Meanwhile,  -Eneas,  an  eminence  climbs,  and  intently  the  whole  wide  .     180 


6  THE    ^NEID. 

Prospect,  scans  far  over  the  ocean,  if  possibly  Antheus, 

Tossed  by  the  wind,  he  may  sight,  and  his  high-benched  Phrygian  galleys. 

Or  else  Capys,  or  arms  on  the  lofty  stern  of  Caicus. 

No,  not  a  vessel  in  sight,  but  instead  three  stags  on  the  sea-beach 

Spies  he  strolling  about;  whole  herds  as  their  retinues  follow  185 

These  at  the  rear,  and  a  long  train  grazes  at  large  through  the  valleys. 

Halted  he  here,  and  his  bow  in  his  hand,  and  his  feathery  arrows 

Hastily  seized,  the  weapon  which  faithful  Achates  was  bearing. 

Foremost  the  leaders  themselves,  their  heads  uplifting  aloft  with 

Tree-like  antlers,  he  levels;  then  routs  the  promiscuous  rabble,  190 

Driving  the  whole  drove  on  mid  the  foliaged  grove  with  hi^tveapons; 

Nor  does  he  stop,  till  he  seven  huge  carcasses  there  as  a  victor 

Stretches  out  slain  on  the  ground,  the  number  that  equals  his  vessels; 

Hence  he  repairs  to  the  harbor  and  shares  them  with  all  his  companions. 

Then  he  the  wine,  which  the  noble  Acestes  had  laden  in  wine  casks  195 

Late  on  Trinacria's  shore,  and  the  hero  had  given  at  parting, 

Deals  out,  while  in  addresseo  he  comforts  their  sorrowinp-  bosoms: 

"  Comrades — for  not  inexperienced  are  we  in  reverse»  "aforetime — 

Bravers  of  sorer,  to  these,  too,  shall  deity  grant  us  a  limit. 

Ye  have  encountered  the  fury  of  Scylla,  and  crags  that  re-echo  200 

Deeply  within  it;  and  ye  have,  moreover,  Cyclopian  rock-dens 

Fearless  explored  !  re-encourage  your  souls  and  your  gloomy  forebodings  banish: 

These  scenes  you  will  doubtless  delight  to  remember  hereafter  ! 

On  through  these  varied  disasters,  through  many  a  risk  of  adventures, 

Tend  we  to  Latium,  where  fates  point  us  to  peaceful  possessions:  205 

There  are  yet  destined  again  to  arise  the  dominions  of  Troja; 

Firm  then  endure,  and  prepare  yourselves  for  the  prosperous  issues." 

Thus  with  his  voice  he  bespeaks  them,  yet,  sick  from  accumulate  troubles, 
Hope  in  his  countenance  feigns,  and  at  heart  he  represses  his'anguish. 
Gird  they  themselves  for  the  game,  and  the  viands  which  now  are  in  waiting:     210 
Strip  they  the  hides  from  the  ribs,  and  lay  open  to  view  the  intestines. 
Part  cut  up,  and  afifix  on  the  spits,  the  quivering  fragments; 
Others  set  caldrons  on  shore,  and  the  fires  enkindle  around  them, 
Then  with  the  food  they  recover  their  strength,  and,  reclined  on  the  green  sod, 
They  are  with  good  old  Bacchus  and  juciest  venison  stated.  215 

After  their  hunger  was  cloyed,  and  removed  are  the  viands  and  tables, 
'I'hey  in  ])rotracted  discourses  inquire  for  their  absent  companions. 
Still  in  suspense  'twixtho])e  and  fear,  or  to  count  them  as  living, 
Or  as  enduring  their  last,  and  no  longer  to  hear  them  in  calling: 
Chiefly  the  pious  Alneas  the  loss  of  the  sprightly  Orontes  220 


s 


BOOK    I.  7 

Now,  and  nnon,  too,  of  Amycus  motirns,  and  apart  the  inhuman 
Fates  of  l.ycus  and  (lyas  the  valiant,  and  valiant  Clo;inthu!». 

Now  was  an  end,  when  Jupiter  down  from  the  uppermost  a:thcr, 
Gazinj»  abroad  on  the  sail-winjjed  s<yi,  and  the  regions  adjacent, 
Scanninv;  ths  shores  and  the  broad  tril)es,  thus  «n  the  summit  of  heaven  37$ 

I'aused,  and  absorbinj^ly  fastenetl  his  eyes  on  the  Libyan  kingdoms. 
Ifim  then  jxindcring  over  such  piramounl  cares  in  his  lM)Som, 
/.Sadilcr  than  wont,  and  suffusing  hft"  eyes  into  glistening  tear-drops, 
Venus  adilresses:  **0  ihou.Svhi)  the  fortunes  of  men  and  immortals 
Swayest  in  infinite  sovereignty  ever,  and  awest  with  thunder,  »30 

Whiit  can  my  noble  .-i||iieas  so  great  have  committed  against  thee  ? 
What  can  the  Trojans  have  done,  that  enduring  so  many  bereavements, 
All  the  wide  circle  of  lands,  for  Italia's  sake,  is  debarred  them  ? 
Surely  that  hence  there  hereafter  should  be.  with  the  rollirg  of  ages, 
Romans;  that  hence  should  be  chiefs  from  the  blo(»d  reinstated  of  Teucer,      235 
Who  were  the  sea  and  the  lands  to  possess  in  an  absolute  empire. 
Thou  hast  explicitly  promised:  What  sentiment,  father,  hath  changed  thee? 
I  was  by  this  e'en  the  fall  and  the  sorrowful  ruins  of  Troja 
Wont  to  relieve,  when  fates  with  fates  in  a  counterpoise  weighing. 
Now  docs  the  same  lot  follow  the  men,  by  so  many  disasters  240 

Hounded:  what  limit,  O  sovereign  supreme,  dost  thou  grant  to  these  hardships? 
Safe  could  Antenor  indeed,  when  escajK'd  from  the  midst  of  the  Argives, 
Penetrate  far  the  Illyrian  bayous,  and  innermost  sections 
Reach  of  Liburnians'  realms,  and  could  pass  by  the  source  of  Timavus; 
Whence  it,  through  nine  mouths  bursting  with  echoing  roar  of  the  mountains,     245 
Issues  a  sea,  and  careers  o'er  the  meidows  a  resonant  ocean. 
Here  he  the  city  Patavium  still,  and  ai)odes  of  the  Teucrans 
Planted,  and  gave  to  the  nation  its  name,  and  appended  the  Trojan 
Armor,  and  now  he  at  rest- in  a  peaceful  composure  reposes. 

We,  thy  descendants,  to  whom  thou  ofdainest  the  jastle  of  heaven,  250 

We,  with  our  shipping — O  awful  I— a  wreck,  for  the  grudge  of  a  smgle 
One,  are  abandoned,  and  sundered  afar  from  Italia's  confines. 
Sire,  is  this  piety's  honor  ?     Thus  dost  thou  to  sccp»res  restor' 

Tenderly  smiling  u[Xin  her,  the  father  of  men  and  immortals. 
With  the  sereneness  of  visage  by  which  he  the  sky  and  the  tempests  255 

C'alms,  kissed  gently  the  lips  of  his  daughTPr,  and  thusTie  bes{H:aks  her: 
"Spare  thy  alarm,  Cythere.n:  remain  unaffected  thy  kindreds' 
Fates  unto  thee:  thou  shall  gaze  on  I^avinium's  city  and  promised 
Rimparts,  yea,  and  sublimely  shall  waft  to  the  planets  of  heaven 
Thy  high-minded  ..-Eneas:  no,  there  hath  no  sentiment  changed  inc.  260 


8  THE    ^NEID. 

He — for  I  kindly  will  tell  thee,  and,  since  this  solicitude  gnaws  thee, 

Wider  unrolling  the  secrets  of  fates,  will  array  them  before  thee — 

He  shall  a  mighty  war  in  Italia  wage,  and  shall  crush  out 

Barbarous  tribes,  and  establish  for  men  regulations  and  ramparts, 

Until  the  third  year's  summer  hath  seen  him  in  Latium  reignmg,  265 

Until  there  three  full  winters  have  passed  with  Rutulians  vanquished. 

As  for  the  youthful  Ascanius,  to  whose  name  is  liilus 

Added — for  Illus  it  was  while  the  Ilian  dynasty  lasted — 

Thirty  superior  cycles,  with  months  to  revolve  in  their  orbits. 

He  shall  complete  in  his  reign,  and  his  court  from  Lavinium's  homestead         270 

Shift,  and  shall  Alba  Longa  invest  with  impregnable  power. 

Here  now  on  in  succession,  for  three  hundred  years,  shall  dominion 

Vest  in  the  peerage  of  Hector,  till  Ilia,  princess  and  priestess. 

Pregnant  by  Mars,  shall  brmg  forth  twins  at  a  birth  as  her  offspring; 

Then  shall,  elate  with  the  tawny  hide  of  a  wolf  as  his  mother,  275 

Romulus  take  up  the  nation,  and,  sacred  to  Mars,  shall  a  city 

Found,  and  shall  thence,  from  his  own  name,  title  its  citizens  Romans. 

Them  I  appoint  no  assignable  limits,  nor  seasons  of  conquest  ; 

Boundless  the  sway  I  have  given  them.     But  as  for  petulant  Juno, 

Who  now  the  sea  and  the  lands  and  the  heaven  with  terror  harasses,  280 

She  for  the  better  shall  model  her  schemes,  and  with  me  she  shall  cherish 

Romans,  the  lords  of  achievements,  the  toga-distinguishing  nation  : 

Such  is  my  pleasure.     The  epoch  shall  come,  in  revolving  of  ages. 

When  the  Assaracan  house  shall  Phthia,  and  famous  Mycenae 

Proudly  reduce  to  dependence,  and  reign  over  subjugate  Argos.  285 

There  shall  a  Trojan  be  born  of  illustrious  lineage,  C^sar, 

Who  shall  his  empire  bound  by  the  ocean,  his  fame  by  the  planets, 

Julius,  a  name  transmitted  direct  from  the  mighty  liilus. 

Thou  shalt  hereafter  to  heaven,  with  spoils  from  the  Orient  laden, 

Welcome  him  safely,  and  he,  too,  be  worshipped  with  votive  oblations.  290 

Then  shall  the  barbarous  ages  grow  milder,  and  wars  ehall  be  ended  ; 

Vesta,  and  hoary  Faith,  and  Quirinus,  with  Remus  his  brother. 

Joined  shall  administer  justice,  and  war's  dire  portals,  with  rivets 

Welded  with  iron,  be  bolted,  and  impious  Fury  within  them, 

Seated  on  truculent  armor,  and  bound  from  behind  with  a  hundred  295 

Brazen  links,  rave  horrid,  with  mouth  all  dripping  with  gore-clots." 

Spake  he,  and  straight  from  on  high  he  dispatches  his  Maia-born  herald 
Down,  that  the  lands  and  the  new-built  castle  of  Carthage  be  opened 
Friendly  to  Teucrans,  lest,  unaware  of  their  destiny.  Dido 
Drive  them  away  from  her  confines.     Swiftly  he  flies  on  the  mighty  300 


BOOK    1.  f) 

A-'r.  by  the  onrnjje  of  wintjs,  and  alijjhtcd  in  Libya's  confine». 
Soon  he  performs  his  behest,  and  the  I'unics  lay  by  ihcir  fcrocioti» 
Hearts  at  the  deity's  bidding  ;  but  chielly  the  (]neen  a  complacent 
Soul,  and  benignant  mind  entertains  in  Ixrhaif  of  the  Tcucran». 

Pious  ^+'neas  nt  night  has,  many  a  project  revolving,  — • —  305 

Planned,  when  is  granted  the  genial  light,  to  go  forth,  and  the  new-found 
Regions  explore,  and  on  what  wild  shores  by  the  wind  he  has  stranded. 
Who  on  them  dwell — for  he  sees  them  untilled — whether  men  or  the  wild  beasts. 
Warily  search,  and  to  bring  his  discoveries  l)ack  to  his  comrades. 
Deep  in  a  cove  of  the  wild-wood,  under  a  sheltering  rock-bluff,  310 

Closed  by  the  trees  and  the  horrible  shadows  around,  he  his  squadron 
Hides,  and  himself  goes  walking,  attended  by  only  Achates, 
Grasping  in  hand  a  cpnpleof  I )road- barbed,  steel-pointed  javelins. 

Out  in  the  midst  of  the  forest  his  mother  confrontingly  met  him, 
Wearing  the  mien  and  attire  of  a  maid,  and  the  arms  of  a  .S{Kirtan  315 

Maiden,  or  such  as  the  Thracian  Harpalyc^,  when  she  careering 
Wearies  her  steeds,  and  in  speeding  outrivals  the  feathery  Hebrus  : 
For  she  had  hung  from  her  shoulders  a  bow,  in  the  guise  of  a  huntress, 
Pliant  and  light,  and  had  given  her  hair  to  the  winds  to  dishevel  ; 
Bare  to  the  knee,  and  her  fluttering  folds  tucked  up  in  a  bow-knot.  320 

Promptly,  "  Ho  !  warrior  youths,"  she  exclaims,  "  pray  tell  me,  if  strolling 
.Vny  where  here  you  have  happened  to  see  any  one  of  my  sisters, 
(iirt  with  a  quiver,  and  clad  in  a  vesture  of  maculate  lynx-skin. 
Or  with  a  loud  shout  pressing  the  chase  of  the  lathery  wild-boar." 

Thus  snake  Venus,  and  thus  broached  counter  the  offspring  of  Venus  :     325 
"  Maiden,  I  neither  have  heard,  nor  seen,  any  one  of  thy  sisters  ; 
O — but  whom  may  I  projxjriy  call  thee  ?  for  thine  is  no  mortal 
Visage,  nor  yet  does  thy  voice  sound  human — O  surely  a  gcnldess  I 
Art  thou  the  sister  of  Phoebus?  or  one  from  the  blood  of  the  wood-nymnhs  ? 
Be  thou  propitious,   whoever  thou  art,  and  relieve  our  embarrassed  330 

Labor,  and  teach  us  beneath  what  skv,  and  on  which  of  the  wide  world's 
Coasts  we  are  tossed  :  we  are  strangers  alike  to  the  people  and  region. 
Roaming  around,  by  the  winds  and  the  great  waves  hithenvard  driven  : 
Many  a  victim  to  thee  at  thine  altars  shall  fall  by  our  right  hand." 

Then  said  Venus,  "  Indeed  I  regard  me  unworthy  such  honors  :  335 

Custom  it  is  for  the  Tyrian  maidens  to  carry  a  (juivtr 
Round,  and  to  lace  their  ankles  above  with  a  buskin  of  purple. 
Punic  dominions  thou  seest,  the  Tyrians,  and  town  of  Agenor ; 
But  the  confines  are  Libyan,  a  race.undauntcd  in  warfare. 
Tyrian  Dido   the  sovereignty  sways,  from  her  city  an  exile,  340 


lO 


THE    ^NEID. 


Fleeing  her  brother.     The  tale  of  her  grievance  is  lengthy,  and  lengthy 

Too,  are  its  mazes  ;  but  I  will  the  main  trails  trace  of  its  outlines. 

She  had  a  husband,  Sychaeus,  the  richest  in  landed  possessions 

Known  of  Phcenicians,  and  loved  by  her  lorn  with  a  passionate  fojidness. 

Virgin  her  father  had  given  her  to  him,  and  wedded  with  brightest 

Omens  of  bliss,  but  her  brother,  Pygmalion,  then  was  the  kingdom 

Ruling  of  Tyrus,  in  crime  more  atrocious  by  far  than  all  others. 

'Twixt  them  a  fierce  animosity  came,  and  he  basely  Sychaeus 

Even  in  front  of  the  altars,  and  blinded  by  lust  for  his  money, 

Stealthy,  with  dagger,  o'ercomes  unawares,  disregarding  his  sister's 

Tender  attachments  ;  and  long  he  the  deed  concealed,  and  the  p«.hing 

Lover  the  villain,  by  many  a  pretext,  wheedled  with  empty        •  *  " 

Hope  :  but  the  ghost  of  her  husband  unburied  itself  in  her  night-dreams 

Came  to  her,  lifting  before  her  its  visage  amazingly  pallid  : 

Ghastly  the  altars  it  laid,  and  its  bosom  all  gashed  with  the  dagger, 

Naked  to  view,  and  uncovered  each  hidden  misdeed  of  the  household  : 

Then  it  exhorts  her  to  hasten  escape,  and  depart  from  the  country  ; 

And,  as  an  aid  for  her  journey,  in  earth  it  discloses  her  ancient 

Treasures,  an  unaccountable  weight  both  of  gold  and  of  silver. 

Dido,  incited  by  these,  was  preparing  her  flight  and  companions  : 

Rally  around  her  all  who  have  felt  for  the  tyrant  a  mortal 

Hate  or  a  poignant  fear  :  the  vessels,  which  chanced  to  be  ready, 

Seize  they,  and  load  them  with  gold,  and  away  on  the  ocean  are  wafted 

Miser  Pygmalion's  hoardings  :  a  woman  is  guide  of  the  project. 

Thence  to  these  haunts  they  have  come,  where  now  thou  seest  yon  stately 

Ramparts  and  rising  castle  of  recently  colonized  Carthage. 

Ground  they  have  purchased,  and  named  it,  from  terms  of  the  bargain,  the  Bv 

Just  so  much  it  should  be  as  they  could  enclose  with  a  bull's  hide. 

But  who,  prithee,  are  you,  or  from  what  shores  journeyed  ye  hither  ? 

Whither  hence  hold  ye  your  way  ?"     To  her  thus  inquiring  he  answers, 

Heaving  a  sigh,  and  drawing  his  voice  from  his  innermost  bosom  : 

"Were  I,  O  goddess,  retracing  to  traverse  the  whole  from  the  outset  ; 
Hadst  thou,  moreover,  the  leisure  to  hear  the  details  of  our  hardships, 
Vesper  would  sooner  put  day  to  repose  on  occluded  Olympus. 
We  are  from  primitive  Troja,  if  haply  hath  mention  of  Troja 
Passed  through  your  ears  ;  and  wafted  on  various  waters  a  tempest 
Hath,  by  a  chance  of  its  own,  impelled  us  to  Libya's  seacoasts. 
I  am  the  pious  ^.neas,  who  with  me  am  bearirtg  my  home-gods, 
Snatched  from  the  foe,  in  my  fleet,  by  renown  o'er  the  firmament  noted, 
Seeking  Italia  my  home,  and  from  Jupiter  mighty,  my  birthright. 


345 


350 


355 


360 


365 


RSA, 


370 


375 


3S0 


BOOK    r.  II 

I,  in  my  twice  ten  vessels,  embarked  on  the  PhrvRian  waters  ; 

Pointin){  my  way  was  my  mother  divine,  anil  I,  heeding;  her  omens  ; 

Seven  now  barely  sur\'ive,  and  they  shattered  by  billows  and  cast  wind. 

I,  as  a  stranjjer,  in  want,  throU}>;h  the  Libyan  wilderness  wander, 

Heaten  from  Kiirojxi  ami  Asia.  "     No  more  of  his  plaintive  recital  385 

Venus  enilureil  ;  but  she  thus,  in  the  midst  of  his  grief,  interrupted  : 

••  Thou,  whosoever  thou  art,  not  unfriended,  I  trust,  by  celestials, 

Hreathest  the  vital  air,  who  hast  come  to  a  Tyrian  city, 

Only  proceed,  and  advance  to  the  queen's  imixirial  threshold  ; 

For  I  announce  thy  com|xinions  restored,  and  thy  vessels  returning,  390 

Wafted  in  sgleti^to  f)ort  by  a  fortnnate  change  of  the  north  winds, 

^nlesrf^  vainly  preTefTflrng,  my  jxirents  have  augury  taught  me. 

Look  at  yon  twice  si.x  swans,*tn  Y^lfiHstering  column  exulting. 

Whom  late,  swooping  from  regions  of  xther,  was  Jupiter's  eagle. 

Routing  in  oj^en  heaven,  now  earthward,  in  order  unbroken,  395^ 

Seem  or  about  to  alight,  or  now  scanning  the  sjxjts  for  alighting  : 

Just  as  regathered  they,  merrily  sporting  on  stridulous  pinions. 

Round  in  a  cluster  have  circled  the  pole,  and  their  melodies  uttered  ; 

So,  and  no  otherwise  also,  thy  vessels  and  youthful  compxinioiis. 

Either  are  anchored  in  port,  or  are  under  full  sail  in  the  ofling  :  400 

Only  proceed,  and  direct  thou  thy  steps  where  the  highway  contlucls  thee." 

Sjiake  she,  and  turning,  she  flashed  from  her  roseate  neck  an  effulgence  ; 
While  from  her  head  her  ambrosial  tresses  a  heavenly  perfume 
Round  her  exhaled,  and  her  robe  draped  down  to  her  feet  in  its  foldings  : 
True,  in  her  mien,  was  the  goddess  ap[\irent.     As  soon  as  he  knew  her  405 

There  as  his  mother,  in  strains  like  this  he  pursued  her  escaping  : 
"  Wherefore,  O  dost  thou  so  often  and  cruel,  in  phantom  ap|x:arings. 
Wheedle  thy  son  ?  and  why  is  it  never  allowed  me  to  clasp  thy 
Hand  in  my  own,  and  to  hear  and  return  undissembled  responses?"  410 

Thus  does  he  chide  her,  and  soon  he  is  wending  his  steps  to  the  ramparts  ; 
But  in  a  dim  haze  now,  as  they  journey,  hath  Venus  enclosed  them. 
Yea,  and  the  goddess  shed  round  them  a  plentiful  cloudy  envelope. 
Lest  there  should  any  discern  them,  or  any  be  able  to  harm  them. 
Or  a  delay  interpose,  or  should  challenge  the  cause  of  their  commg. 
She  unto  Paphus  sublimely  departs,  anti  revisits  her  own  courts  415 

Pleased,  where  a  temple  is  hers,  and  with  incense  Saba:an  a  hundred 
Altars  are  glowing,  and  odors  from  fresh-wreathed  garlands  e.xhaling. 

They  have  the  meanwhile  taken  the  road,  where  the  jxithway  directs  them. 
And  were  now  climbing  a  hillock,  which  full  o'er  the  neighboring  city 
Beetles,  and  high  from  above  looks  down  on  the  opposite  castles.  420 


12  THE    ^NEID. 

Wonders  JEntas  at  pile  so  imposing,  where  lately  were  hovels  ; 

Wonders  he,  too,  at  the  gates,  and  the  din,  and  the  thoroughfares'  pavements. 

Press  on  the  Tynans  hotly,  a  part  in  extending  the  town-walls  ; 

Part  in  constructing  the  castle,  by  hand  up-rolling  the  ashlers  ; 

Part  in  selecting  a  house-lot,  and  trenching  it  round  with  a  furrow  :  425 

Laws  they  enact,  and  magistrates  choose  and  a  reverend  senate. 

Here  some  are  dredging  a  harbor,  there  others  a  theatre's  deep-laid 

Solid  foundations  are  laying,  and  columns  immense  from  the  quarries 

Hewing,  the  ornamentations  superb  for  the  scenes  of  the  future  : 

Such  toil  busies  the  bees  in  the  earliest  summer  on  fiowery  430 

Meads  in  the  sunshine,  when  they  the  full-grown  brood  of  their  nation 

Marshal  abroad,  or  when  they  in  turn  are  the  liquefied  honey 

Storing  away,  or  with  sweetest  of  nectar  distending  the  comb-cells  ; 

Or  are  the  loads  of  incomers  receiving,  or,  forming  a  squadron, 

Forcefully  driving  the  drones,  an  indolent  herd,  from  the  bee-hives  :  435 

Hot  is  the  service,  and  scented  with  thyme  is  the  odorous  honey. 

"  O  ye  fortunate  ones,  whose  ramparts  already  are  rising  !" 

Broaches  ^neas,  as  upwards  he  peers  at  the  domes  of  the  city. 

In  he  betakes  him,  enshrouded  in  vapor — -a  marvel  to  utter  ! 

In  through  the  midst,  and  immingles  with  men  undiscovered  by  any.  440 

There  was  a  grove,  most  grateful  in  shade,  in  the  midst  of  the  city. 
Where  at  the  outset  the  Funics,  when  tossed  by  the  wave  and  the  whirlwind, 
Dug  up  a  sign  on  the  spot,  which  of  old  had  imperial  Juno 
Shown  them,  the  head  of  a  spirited  charger,  for  so  would  in  warfare 
Theirs  be  a  nation  renowned,  and  for  ages  of  easy  subsistence.  445 

There  was  Sidonian  Dido  to  Juno  a  gorgeous  temple 

Founding,  enriched  with  the  gifts  and  the  glory  enshrined  of  the  goddess  ; 
Bronzed  on  its  steps  were  arising  its  thresholds,  and  firm  were  its  timbers 
Jointed  with  bronze,  and  its  hinges  were  grating  on  portals  of  bronze-work. 
First  in  this  grove  did  a  singular  object,  presented  before  him,  450 

Calm  his  anxiety  ;  here  did  ^neas  first  venture  to  cherish 
Hope  of  his  safety,  and  firmer  to  trust  in  his  tottering  prospects  : 
For,  as  he  eagerly  scans  each  thing  'neath  the  gorgeous  temple. 
Waiting  the  queen  ;  while  he  at  what  fortune  betided  the  city, 
And  at  the  hand  of  the  artists  compared  with  the  toil  of  the  structures,  455 

Wonders,  he  there  beholds  in  their  order  the  Ilian  battles  [world, 

Sketched,  and  the  wars  that  already  were  blazoned   by  fame  through  the  whole 
Sees  the  Atridte  and  Priam,  and  cruel  to  either  Achilles. 
Paused  he,  and  weeping,   "Already,"  says  he,  "what  spot,  O  Achates, 
Nay,  what  region  of  earth  is  not  verily  full  of  our  struggle  ?  460 


BOOK    I.  13 

Yonder  is  Priam  !  e*cn  here  nrc  its  own  rewards  for  achievement ; 
Irials  hiv!  tears,  and  the  mind  is  toncheil  by  the  sorrows  of  mortals  : 
Banish  alarm,  this  renown  will  afford  thee  yet  somethmg  of  s.ifety." 
So  he  exclaims,  and  regales  his  soul  with  the  shadowy  picture, 
Fre<i»ently  sighing,  and  drenches  his  face  with  a  Ivjuntiful  river  :  465 

For  he  was  viewing  how  once  round  Pergamus  warring,  the  (irccians 
Hither  were  lleeing,  as  closely  the  Trojan  warriors  pressed  them. 
Phrygians  thither,  as  crested  Achilks  with  chariot  chased  them. 
Not  far  hence  he  the  tents  of  Rhesus  anon,  from  their  snow-white 
Canvas,  tlistinguishes  weeping,  betrayed  in  the  earliest  slumber  :  470 

Atreus'  son  was  despoiling  them,  gory  from  many  a  slaughter, 
Turning  his  steeds  to  his  camps  before  they  could  either 
Taste  of  the  jxistures  of  Troja,  or  drink  of  the  waters  of  Xanthus. 
Elsewhere  also  is  Trollus  fleeing,  bereft  of  his  armor; 

Ill-starred  youth,  and  unequally  matched  in  engaging  Achilles,  475 

Home  by  his  steciis,  yet  he  clings,  though  flat  on  his  back,  to  his  empty 
Chariot,  clutching  the  reins,  and  his  neck  and  his  hair  on  the  earth  were 
Trailed,  and  the  dust  is  scrawled  by  the  back-turned  barb  of  the  war-spcar. 

Meanwhile  up  to  the  temple  of  prejudiced  Pallas,  were  wending 
Ilian  matrons,  with  tresses  disheveled,  and  l)earing  Miner\'a*s  480 

Mantle,  as  suppliants,  sad,  anc'  beating  their  breasts  with  their  flat  palms  ; 
Fixed  on  the  ground  was  the  goddess  holding  her  eyes  in  aversion. 
Thrice  round  Ilium's  walls  the  inhuman  .Achilles  had  Hector 
Dragged,  and  was  selling  for  gold  the  inanimate  lK)dy  to  Priam. 
V^erily  then  does  he  heave  from  his  innermost  Ixjsom  a  burtlened  48«; 

Sigh,  as  he  gazed  on  the  spoils,  and  the  chariot,  aye,  and  his  dear  friend's 
Body,  and  Priam  extending  his  unarmed  hands  in  entreaty  ! 
Here  he  distinguished  himself,  too,  mixed  with  the  chiefs  of  Achaia  ; 
Yonder  the  orient  ranks,  and  the  armor  of  ebony  Memnon  ; 

There,  with  their  crescent  shields,  is  conducting  her  .-Vmazon  squadrons  490 

Furious  Penthesilea,  and  fumes  in  the  mitlst  of  the  thousands. 
Binding  a  golden  girdle  beneath  her  protuberant  bosom  ; 
Warrior-maiden  she  llares  to  contend  with  the  masculine  foemen. 

While  these  wonders  engross  the  attention  of  Dardan  --Kneas  ; 
Whilst  he  is  charmed,  and  lingers  absorbed  in  a  motionless  posture,  495 

Lo  I  at  the  temple  the  queen,  in  her  person  most  beautiful.  Dido 
Now  has  arrived,  with  a  mighty  encompassing  escort  of  soldiers  : 
Surh  on  the  banks  of  Eurotas,  or  over  the  ridges  of  Cynthus, 
Marshals  Diana  her  dancers  ;  around  her  a  thousand  attendant 
Mountain  Oriads  cluster,  on  this  side  and  that :  she  her  quiver  500 


14  THE    ^NEID. 

Bears  on  her  shoulder,  and  gracefully  stepping  outrivals  each  goddess  ; 

Joyous  emotions  are  thrilling  the  bosom  serene  of  Latona  : 

Such,  too,  was  Dido,  and  such  was  she  joyous  and  dignified  moving 

On  through  their  midst,  intent  on  her  duties  and  future  dominions. 

Then  at  the  gates  of  the  goddess,  the  median  arch  of  the  temple,  505 

Guarded  by  armor,  and  high  on  a  throne  supported  she  sat  down  : 

Justice  and  laws  she  was  dealing  to  men,  and  the  task  of  their  service 

Meting  in  equable  shares,  or  assigning  them  out  by  allotment  : 

When,  of  a  sudden,  JEneas  descries,  with  a  numerous  concourse, 

Antheus  approaching,  and  with  him  Sergestus,  and  valiant  Cloanthus  :  510 

Different  Teucrans  besides,  whom  late  on  the  waters  a  whirlwind 

Dismal  had  scattered,  and  wafted  afar  unto  different  seaboards. 

He  for  the  moment  was  startled,  and  shocked  for  the  moment  Achates, 

Both  with  rejoicing  and  fear  :  they  impatient  were  burning  to  grasp  them 

Hand  in  hand,  but  their  souls  was  the  unknown  issue  perplexing.  515 

They  remain  in  disguise,  and,  by  sheltering  vapor  enveloped, 

Watch  the  behoof  of  the  men,  on  what  shores  they  abandon  their  vessels, 

Wherefore  they  come,  for  selected  from  all  of  the  ships  they  were  coming, 

Praying  a  lenient  hearing,  and  seeking  with  clamor  the  temple. 

Then,  when  admitted,  and  leave  has  been  granted  of  speaking  before  her,  520 
Chieftain  Ilioneus  thus  with  a  tranquillized  bosom  proceeded  : 
"August  Queen,  whom  Jove  hath  permitted  to  found  thee  a  recent 
City,  and  bring  in  subjection  by  equity  insolent  nations, 
Trojans  in  misery,  v/afted  by  winds  over  every  high  sea, 

Humbly  entreat  thee  to  A^ard  from  our  ships  the  ineffable  fire-brands  ;  525 

Spare  thou  a  pious  race,  and  more  nearly  regard  our  condition. 
No,  we  have  not,  with  the  sabre  to  ravage  the  Libyan  home-gods. 
Come,  nor  to  hurry  our  stolen  plunder  away  to  the  sea-beach  : 
No  such  abuse  in  our  souls — such  presumption  becomes  not  the  vanquished. 
There  is  a  spot,  Hesperia  Grecians  distinctively  term  it  ;  530 

Ancient  the  land,  and  potential  in  arms  and  in  richness  of  tillage  ; 
Men  of  OLnotria  settled  it,  now  by  report  have  their  offspring 
Titled  the  nation  Italia,  named  from  the  name  of  their  leader ; 
Thither  our  course  was  : — 

When  from  the  wave,  of  a  sudden  arising,  the  stormy  Orion  535 

Bore  us  on  hidden  shoals,  and  afar  by  imperious  South-winds, 
On  through  the  billows  and  whelming  brine,  through  impassable  ledges, 
Drove  us  apart;  we  have  drifted  a  few  of  us  here  to  your  borders. 
What  is  this  race  of  men  ?     What  country  so  rude  does  this  custom 
Tolerate  ?    We  are  debarred  the  civility  even  of  strandage  !  540 


BOOK    I.  15 

War  they  declare,  and  torbiil  us  to  laud  on  ihc  ouicrmoit  nuiiiiiand  I 

If  yc  the  human  race  contemn,  and  the  armor  o(  murtal», 

Ytl,  0  txiK'Cl  It,  the  jjikIs  are  rejjanlful  of  fair-play  and  foul-play  ! 

Wc  had  a  monarch,  .+Ineas,  than  whom  no  other  has  juster 

Been  nor  m  piety  greater,  nor  greater  in  battle  ami  armor.  545 

Ah  I  if  the  fates  still  keep  him  a  man  ;  if  he  feeds  on  the  air  of 

Heaven,  and  lies  not  lowly  as  yet  in  the  merciless  shadows, 

Fear  there  is  none  that  thou  mayest  in  having  l)cen  first  in  extending 

Kindness  reixjnt  thee.     Wc  have  in  alliance,  in  Sicily's  regions. 

Cities  and  meadows,  and.  sprung  from  the  blood  of  a  Trojan,  Acestes.  550 

Sutler  us  merely  to  haul  on  shore  our  unfortunate,  wiiul-racketl 

Fleet,  and  to  fit  us  out  spars,  and  hew  us  out  oars  from  the  forests  : 

So,  if  allowed  to  embark  for  Italia,  our  king  and  companions 

Rescued,  we  may  to  Italia  and  Latium  journey  rejoicing. 

But  if  of  safety  bereft,  and,  if,  excellent  father  of  Teucrans,  555 

Libya's  ocean  possess  thee,  and  hope  no  longer  remains  of  Kilus, 

Vet  we  at  least  to  Sicania's  straits,  and  our  distant  |K)ssessi«nis, 

Whence  we  were  hitherwaril  borne,  may  betake  us  to  monarch  Acestes." 

In  such  tenor  Uioneus  :  loudly  at  once  were  applauding 

All  the  Dardanians  :  —  560 

Briefly  at  length,  with  a  downcast  countenance.  Dido  l>espeaks  them  : 
'•  Teucrans,  dispel  the  alarm  from  your  bosoms,  and  banish  misgivings  ; 
Exigence  stern,  and  my  kingdom's  incipience  force  me  to  manage 
Thus,  and  compel  me  to  station  my  sentinels  out  on  the  frontiers. 
Who  cannot  know  of  the  race  of  .Kneas  and  city  of  Troja,  565 

Or  of  the  valor,  and  heroes,  and  blaze  of  that  terrible  warfare  ? 
Bosoms  so  utterly  blunted  to  pity  we  Funics  possess  not  : 
Yokes  not  the  sun  his  steeds  so  remote  from  the  Tyrian  city. 
If  ye  Hesperia  mighty  indeed,  and  Saturnian  meadows. 

Rather  desire,  or  the  confines  of  Eryx  and  monarch  Acestes,  570 

I  will  dismiss  you  with  escort  safe,  and  with  money  assist  you  : 
Would  you  conjointly  with  me  prefer  to  reside  in  these  kingiioms  ? 
Then  is  the  city  I  build  your  own.     (Jo  haul  up  your  vessels  ; 
Trojan  and  Tyrian  each  shall  be  treated  impartially  by  me  :' 
But  I  would  that  .-Eneas,  your  monarch  himself,  by  the  self-same  575 

South-wind  driven,  were  present  !     Through  all  of  my  coasts  I  will  tnisty 
Couriers  send,  and  will  bid  them  investigate  Libya's  utmost 
Bounds,  if  perchance  he  in  forest  or  cities  may  wander." 

Thrilled  in  soul  l)y  these  wortls  of  the  cpieen  Iwth  the  valiant  Achates 
Now,  and  the  father  -tneas,  were  all  this  lime  from  the  cloud-screen         »      5S0 


l6  THE    ^NEID. 

Anxious  to  burst :  but  prior  Achates  addresses  /Eneas. 

"  Goddess-born,  in  thy  mind  what  sentiment  now  is  arising? 

All  things  safe  thou  beholdest,  our  ileet  and  companions  recovered  ; 

Bare  one  missing,  whom  we  in  the  midst  of  the  billow  ourselves  saw 

Drowned,  but  the  rest  all  answers  exact  to  the  words  of  thy  mother  !  "  585 

Scarce  had  he  uttered  these  words,  when  the  compassing  cloud  of  a  sudden 
Parts  asunder,  and  vanishes  sheer  in  invisible  aether. 
There  stood  stately  ^neas,  and  shone,  in  the  radiant  sun-light, 
God-like  in  features  and  shoulders  throughout  ;  for  his  mother  herself  had 
Timely  the  exquisite  locks,  and  the  crimson  brilliance  of  manhood  590 

Breathed  on  her  son,  and  invested  his  eyes  with  enrapturing  graces  : 
Elegance  such  as  hands  to  the  ivory  add,  or  when  either 
Silver,  or  Parian  marble  is  circled  with  yellowest  gold-work. 
Then  thus  he  speaks  to  the  queen,  and  in  hearing  of  all,  of  a  sudden, 
Says  unexpectedly  :  "  I,  whom  ye  seek,  am  in  person  before  you,  595 

Trojan  ^neas,  recovered  unharmed  from  the  Libyan  billows  ! 
Thou  who  alone,  out  of  pity  for  Troja's  unspeakable  hardships, 
Welcomest  us,  mere  waifs  of  the  Danai,  by  every  disaster 
Now  of  the  land  and  the  ocean  exhausted,  and  needy  of  all  things. 
Thus  to  thy  city  and  home  ;  the  appropriate  gratitude  due  thee  600 

We  have,  O  Dido,  no  means  to  repay,  nor  has  any  wherever 
Found  of  Dardania's  nation,  now  scattered  abroad  through  the  wide  wofld. 
O  may  the  gods,  if  any  divinities  care  for  the  pious  ; 
Justice,  if  anywhere  found,  and  a  mind  self-conscious  of  virtue. 
Bring  thee  deserving  awards.     What  ages  so  happy  have  borne  thee  ?  605 

What  so  illustrious  parents  have  gotten  so  favored  an  offspring  ? 
O  while  the  rivers  shall  run  to  the  friths,  while  the  shadows  from  mountains 
Trailing  shall  traverse  the  slopes  ;  while  the  zenith  shall  nurture  the  planets, 
E'er  shall  thine  honor,  and  name,  and  thy  praises  remain  in  re m em  1) ranee,     . 
Whatever  regions  invite  me."     Having  thus  spoken  with  right  hand  610 

Greets  he  Ilioneus  friendly,  and  friendly  Sergestus  with  left  hand. 
Afterwards  others,  and  Gyas  the  valiant,  and  valiant  Cloiinthus. 

Startled  at  first  at  the  sight  was  the  queenly  Sidonian  Dido, 
Then  at  the  hero's  so  grievous  disaster,  and  thus  with  her  mouth  spake  : 
"Goddess- born,  what  fatality  on  through  such  perilous  hazards  615 

Hounds  thee?     What  agency  strands  thee  on  shores  that  are  counted  inhuman  ? 
Art  thou  indeed  that  very  ^.neas,  whom  fostering  Venus 

Bore  to  the  Dardan  Anchises  by  Phrygian  Samois'  waters  ?  • 

Yes,  and  in  sooth  I  remember  that  Teucer  once  visited  Sidon, 
When  he,  expelled  from  his  confines,  was  seeking  for  kingdoms  620 


B(K)K    I.  17 

New  ihroujjh  the  prestige  of  Belus  :  thci»  Bclu»,  my  father,  wa»  laying 

Waste,  and  as  victor  was  holding  in  servience  opulent  Cyprus. 

On  from  that  time  to  the  present  have  Truja's  city's  disasters 

Been  to  me  known,  and  thy  name  and  Pelasgian  monarch»  familiar. 

He,  though  a  foe,  was  the  Teucrans  extolling  in  signal  laudation,  C35 

Wishing  to  trace  his  descent  from  the  primitive  stock  of  the  Teucrans. 

Wherefore,  C)  warriors,  come  yc,  and  enter  in  welcome  my  mansions  : 

Me,  too,  hath  smiilar  fortune,  by  many  a  similar  hardship 

Buffeted,  destined  at  length  to  reside  in  this  land  of  my  exile. 

Not  unacquainted  with  trial  I  learn  how  to  succor  the  wTctched."  630 

So  she  recounts,  and  at  once  she  yEneas  conducts  to  her  royal 

Courts,  and  at  once  an  oblation  proclaims  for  the  deities'  temples. 

Nevertheless  she  the  meanwhile  sends  to  his  mates  on  the  sea-shores 

Twenty  bullocks,  and  shaggy  with  bristles  the  chines  of  a  hundred 

Sizal)le  swine,  and  a  hundred  fattened  lambs  with  their  mothers —  635 

Presents  and  cheer  for  a  feast-day  : — 

Now  is  the  inner  apartment,  resplendent  with  regal  profusion, 
Decked,  and  they  sumptuous  banquets  prepare  in  the  midst  of  the  mansions  : 
Tapestry,  wrought  with  elaborate  skill,  and  imjjerial  purple  ; 

Ponderous  plate  on  the  tables,  portraying  in  golden  embossing  640 

Valorous  deeds  of  the  fathers,  the  lengthiest  line  of  achievements. 
Traced  through  many  a  chief  from  the  earliest  rise  of  the  nation. 

Straightway  /Kneas,  for  fatherly  yearning  no  rest  to  his  minti  then 
Brooked,  in  advance  to  the  vessels  dispatches  the  rapid  Achates, 
Tidings  to  bear  to  Ascanius,  him,  too,  to  bring  to  the  ramixxrts :  645 

All  in  Ascanius  fondly  the  father's  solicitude  centres. 
Further  he  bids  him  bring  with  him  the  presents  from  Ilium's  ruins 
Rescued  with  peril,  the  shawl  with  gold  and  embroidery  stiffened  ; 
Bring  him  the  vesture  enwoven  around  with  the  yellow  acanthus. 
Ornaments  once  of  the  .\rgive  Helen,  which  she  from  Myten.x*,  650 

When  unto  Pergamus  bound  in  pursuit  of  unwarranted  nuptials. 
With  her  had  brought,  the  magnificent  dower  of  I.eda,  her  mother  ; 
Also  the  sceptre  which  Princess  Ilione  formerly  wielded. 
Eldest  of  Priam's  daughters,  and  with  it  a  necklace  of  beaded 
Pearls,  and  a  diadem  double  in  gold,  and  l)€studded  wjth  brilliants.  655 

Hastening  these  was  Achates  now  wending  his  way  to  the  vessels. 

But  Cythereii  is  plotting  new  arts  and  new  plans  in  her  Imsom. 
That,  in  appearance  and  countenance  changed,  surreptitiously  Cupid 
Come  for  the  lovely  Ascanius.  that  he  may  set  the  enamored 
Queen  in  a  blaze  by  his  presents,  and  fill  all  her  l)ones  with  the  wild-fire,         660 


1 8  'THE    ^NEID. 

Dreads  she,  forsooth,  the  ambiguous  house,  and  the  Tyrian  gossips. 

Juno  atrociously  scathes  her,  and  troubles  return  with  the  night- fall  ; 

Therefore  in  terms  like  these  she  addresses  the  piniony  love-god: 
Darling,  my  vigor,  my  mighty  executive  power,  who  only 

Darlmg,  deftest  thy  sovereign  father's  Typhoean  thunder,  665 

I,  as  a  suppliant,  sue  thee,  and  beg  thy  divinity's  service. 

How  on  the  ocean  thy  brother,  yEneas,  on  every  sea- shore 

Round  is  tossed  by  the  spite  of  iniquitous  Juno,  is  fully 

Known  unto  thee,  and  thou  often  hast  sorrowed  with  us  in  our  sorrow. 

Him  the  Phoenician  Dido  detains,  and  delays  by  her  winsome  670 

Tones  :  I  suspect  to  what  issue  may  tend  these  Junonian  friendships  ; 

She  will  not  cease  her  intriguing  in  so  momentous  a  crisis  : 

So  I  propose  to  forestall  by  a  plot,  and  to  girdle  the  coying 

Queen  with  a  flame,  lest  she,  through  any  divinity,  waver  : 

But  let  her  cling,  with  me,  in  a  passionate  love  to  yEneas.  675 

How  thou  art  able  to  do  it  now  listen  attent  to  my  purpose. 

At  the  request  of  his  cherishing  sire  is  preparing  the  royal 

Boy,  my  preeminent  charge,  to  approach  the  Sidonian  city. 

Carrying  gifts,  that  from  ocean,  and  flames  of  Troja,  were  rescued. 

Him,  lulled  gently  to  slumber,  I  either  on  lofty  Cythera,  680 

Or  on  Idalia's  heights,  will  deposit  in  hallowed  seclusion. 

Lest  he  know  aught  of  the  trick,  and  come  in  the  midst  to  prevent  it. 

Deftly  do  thou  his  appearance,  for  one  night  only — no  longer — 

Personate,  donning,  a  boy,  the  boy's  familiar  features  ; 

So  that,  when  Dido  elated  shall  clasp  thee  with  joy  to  her  bosom,  685 

Mid  the  imperial  banquets,  and  merry  Lyaeiin  libations  ; 

Then,  as  she  gives  thee  embraces,  and  prints  her  affectionate  kisses, 

Breathe  in  the  secret  fire,  and  stealthily  bury  the  poison." 

Love  the  behests  of  his  cherishing  mother  obeys,  and  his  pinions 

Doffs,  and  cheerily  paces  along  with  the  gait  of  liilus.  690 

Meanwhile  Venus  a  placid  repose  through  Ascanius'  members 

Sheds,  and,  reclined  on  her  lap,  the  goddess  away  to  the  lofty 
,  Groves  of  Idalia  wafts  him,  where  softest  amaracus,  breathing 
• — E^rfume  sweet  from  its  blossoms,  in  odorous  slumbers  embowers  him. 

Cupid,  obedient  to  orders,  was  now  on  his  way,  and  the  royal  695 

Gifts  to  the  Tyrians  bringing,  elate  with  his  leader  Achates. 

When  he  arrives,  the  queen  has  already  on  tapestry  regal 

Seated  herself  on  a  gilded  sofa,  and  stationed  it  central. 

Now  does  the  father  yEneas,  and  now  do  the  stalwarts  of  Troja 

(father  within,  and  in  order  recline  on  the  cushions  of  purple.  7°° 


BOOK    I.  19 

SfR-ants  the  waters  provide  for  their  hands,  and  th#s  lx)unlics  of  Cere» 

Serve  out  in  baskets,  and  |viss  rotind  napkins  of  j^lossicsl  velvet. 

Fifty  within  are  the  maidens,  on  whom  is  devolving  «n  lonjf  row 

Care  of  prejxaring  the  courses,  and  lightmjj  the  fires  to  the  home-gods. 

Equal  in  age  are  a  hundred  more,  and  as  many  attendant  705 

Waiters  to  furnish  the  tables  with  food,  and  distribute  the  goblet». 

I      Tyrians,  too,  have,  through  the  jocund  thresholds  assembling, 
(lathered,  and  ready,  as  bidden,  recline  on  the  tapestried  couches. 
Charmed  are  they  all  with  the  gifts  of  /Kneas,  and  charmed  with  liilus  ; 
Charmed  with  the  glowing  looks  of  the  god,  and  his  mimicked  expressions  ;    710 
Charmed  with  the  shawl,  and  the  vesture  embroidered  with  yellow  acanthus. 
Chiefly  the  hapless  Phoenician,  now  doomed  to  the  future  infection. 
Cannot  her  mind  suffice,  and  is  all  aglow  in  observing  : 
Kqually  moved  is  she,  too,  with  the  boy  and  his  exquisite  presents. 
When  he  has  hung  on  the  neck,  and  within  the  embrace  of  /Kneas  ;  715 

When  he  has  sated  the  measureless  love  of  his  putative  father. 
Then  he  repairs  to  the  queen,  anil  she  now  with  her  eyes  and  her  whole  heart 
Clasps  him,  and  oft  on  her  lap  does  Dido  caress  him,  unconscious 
In  it  how  mighty  the  god  that  besets  her.     In  memory  meanwhile, 
Keeping  his  fond  Acidalian  mother,  he  little  by  little  720 

Ventures  to  blot  out  Sychaeus,  and  charge,  with  a  living  affection. 
Her  long  stagnant  emotions,  and  heart  unused  to  their  throbbings.       ^ 

^     Soon  as  the  first  pause  came,  and  removed  were  the  tables. 
Huge  crocks  station  they  round,  and  the  wints  encircle  with  garlands. 
Echoes  the  din  from  the  roofs,  and  they  roll  out  the  shouts  through  the  ample  725 
Courtyards  :  pendulous  chandeliers  hang  from  the  glittering  ceilings 
Blazing,  and  waxed  rope-tapers  with  flames  extinguish  the  midnight. 
Here  did  the  queen  for  a  chalice,  heavy  with  gems  and  with  gold-work. 
Call,  and  she  filled  it  with  wine — the  chalice  which  Belus,  and  all  from 
Belus,  had  handed  ;  and  then,  when  silence  was  made  in  the  mansions  :  730 

♦'  Jove,"  she  exclaims,  *' for  they  tell  us  thou  givest  the  statues  for  strangers. 
Grant  that  this  day  be  to  Tyrians,  and  comers  from  Troja,  auspicious  ; 
Grant  that  our  future  descendants  may  hold  it  in  lasting  remembrance  ! 
Bacchus  be  present  the  giver  of  cheer,  and  Juno  propitious  : 
You,  ye  Tyrians  also  right  heartily  honor  the  meeting."  735 

Spake  she,  and  poured  on  the  table  libative  a  liquor-oblation. 
First  in  presenting,  she  touched  with  the  tips  of  her  lips  the  libation. 
Then  she  to  Bitias  handed  it  bantering :   greedy  the  foaming 
Chalice  he  drained,  antl  flooded  himself  from  the  l)ountiful  gold-cup: 
Afterwards  other  patricians.     The  long-haired  minstrel  lupas  740 


20  THE    .ENEID. 

Chants  on  his  gilded  cithern  what  Atlas  the  mighty  had  taught  him  ; 

Sings  of  the  wandering  moon,  and  anon  of  the  solar  eclipses  ; 

Whence  is  the  race  of  men  and  of  beasts,  whence  the  storm  and  the  lightnings; 

Sings  of  Arcturus  and  pluvial  Hyads,  the  small  and  the  great  Bears  ; 

Wherefore  the  suns  of  the  winter  so  hasten  to  dip  in  the  ocean  ;  745 

What  the  impediment  blocking  retarded  the  nights  of  the  summer  : 

Tynans  double  their  plaudits,  and  Trojans  responsive  abet  them. 

Likewise  in  various  converse  Dido  the  while  was  the  night-hours 
Hapless  protracting,  and  drinking  in  copious  draughts  of  affection, 
Many  a  query  propounding  of  Priam,  and  many  of  Hector  ;  750 

Now  in  what  armor  the  son  of  Aurora  had  come  to  the  conflict  ; 
Now  what  the  mettle  of  Diomede's  chargers,  and  now  what  Achilles' 
Prowess.     "Nay,  come,"  she  exclaims,  "  my  guest,  from  the  earliest  outset 
Tell  us  the  Danaans'  wiles,  and  thy  people's  afflictive  disasters  : 
Tell  us  of  thine  own  rovings,  for  now  doth  the  seventh  recurring  755 

Summer  convey  thee  a  rover  o'er  every  region  and  billow." 


BOOK  IT. 


During  the  banquet  at  Carthac^e,  tineas,  entreated  by  Dido, 

Tells  of  the  wiles  of  the  Greeks  and  the  consequent  capture  of  Troja. 

Ai.L  have  become  now  hushed,  and  intently  were  holding  their  features, 
Thence  from  his  lofty  divan  thus  proceeded  the  father  /Kneas  : 
"  Thou,  O  queen  dost  bid  me  reopen  unsjxjakable  anguish. 
How  that  the  Danai  the  Trojan  estate  and  deploral)le  kingdom 
Utterly  ruined  ;  what  miseries  I  in  my  person  have  witnessed,  5 

Yea,  and  was  of  them  a  princijjal  part.     Such  scenes  in  narrating 
Who  of  the  Myrmidons,  Dolops,  or  a  soldier  of  hardened  Ulysses 
Well  could  refrain  from  tears  ?     And  already  from  heaven  the  midnigiu 
Damply  descends,  and  the  setting  stars  are  ixrrsuading  to  slumbers: 
Hut,  if  there  be  so  excessive  a  longing  to  know  our  disasters  10 

Felt,  and  to  listen  in  brief  to  the  ultimate  struggle  of  Troja, 
'I'hough  its  remembrance  my  soul  abhors,  and  has  shrunk  from  the  sorrow, 
I  will  begin.     Worn  out  by  the  'var  and  by  fates  counteracted, 
Danaan  chieftains,  so  many  a  season  already  elapsing. 

Huge  as  a  mountain  a  horse,  by  divine  machination  of  Pallas,  15 

Huild,  and  its  ribs  interlace  with  a  rough-hewn  sheathing  of  white  pine. 
Vowed  they  pretend  .for  their  homewaril  retreat  :  so  the  rumor  is  bruited. 
Hither  selected  by  lot,  they  the  bodies  of  warriors  slyly 
Shut  in  its  darkened  sides,  and  internally  cram  its  cap;icious 
Caverns  and  womb  to  the  full  with  a  soldiery  armed  for  the  service.  ao 

Tenedos  looms  into  sight  in  the  offing,  in  legend  a  well-known 
Islantl,  abounding  in  wealth,  while  the  kingdom  of  Priam  was  lasting  ; 
Now  there  is  merely  a  bay,  and  for  shifiping  a  treacherous  roadstead  : 
Thitherward  waftetl,  they  hide  them  away  on  a  desolate  sea-lH*arh. 
We  supposed  they  had  gone,  and  had  sailed  with  the  wind  to  Myccnx*  :  25 

ai 


22  THE    ^NEID. 

Hence  all  Teucria  loosened  itself  from  its  wearisome  mourning; 

Gates  are  thrown  open:  'tis  joy  to  go  forth  and  on  Dorican  camp-grounds 

Gaze,  and  to  visit  the  places  deserted  and  beach  as  abandoned. 

Here  the  Dolopian  troop,  their  ruthless  Achilles  was  tenting; 

Here  was  the  place  for  the  fleets,  and  there  they  were  wont  to  embattle.  30 

Part  are  amazed  at  the  ruinous  gift  to  unwedded  Minerva, 

And  are  admiring  the  bulk  of  the  horse;  and  foremost Thymoetes 

Urges  it  trundled  inside  the  walls  and  installed  in  the  castle. 

Either  in  treason,  or  so  were  the  fates  of  Troja  now  tending  ! 

Capys,  however,  and  those  of  superior  mental  discretion,  35 

Order  us  either  to  pitch  in  the  ocean  the  tricks  and  suspected 

Gifts  of  the  Danai,  or  burn  them  by  thrusting  the  faggots  beneath  them, 

Or  else  to  bore  in  and  test  the  interior's  hollow  recesses: 

Rent  into  opposite  cliques  is  the  indiscriminate  rabble. 

First  there,  in  front  of  them  all,  with  a  mighty  escorting  assemblage,  40 

Ardent  Laocoon  rushes  adown  from  the  heights  of  the  castle, 
Shoutmg  afar:  "  O  infatuate  townsmen,  what  marvellous  madness  ! 
Do  you  believe  that  our  foes  have  departed  ?  or  think  you  that  any 
Gifts  of  the  Danai  are  free  from  deceit  ?     Is  Ulysses  thus  noted  ? 
Either  enclosed  in  this  wood  are  Achaians  in  ambush  secreted,  45 

Or  else  this  is  an  engine  constructed  against  our  defences, 
Destined  to  spy  out  our  homes,  and  descend  from  above  on  our  city, 
Or  there  is  lurking  some  mischief;  believe  not  the  horse,  O  ye  Teucrans: 
Be  what  it  may,  I'm  afraid  of  the  Danai  though  tendering  presents." 
Thus  having  said,  he  with  powerful  vigor  his  ponderous  war-spear  50 

Into  the  liank,  and  into  the  joint-bulged  paunch  of  the  huge  beast, 
Hurled:  as  it  stood  there  quivering,  deep  in  its  womb  in  rebounding 
Echoed  the  cavernous  caves,  and  distinctly  emitted  a  moaning: 
And,  if  the  fates  of  the  gods,  if  our  niind  had  not  hopelessly  froward 
Been,  he  had  led  us  to  sully  with  sueel  its  Argolic  recesses,  55 

Troja  and  now  thou  hadst  stood,  and  remained  thou  high  castle  of  Priam. 

Lo  !  in  the  meantime  a  youth,  with  his  hands  tied  tightly  behind  him, 
Dardan  shepherds,  with  loud  shout  up  their  monarch  were  haling. 
Who,  as  they  happened  upon  him  unknown,  had  in  willing  surrender 
This  same  scheme  to  effect,  to  the  Danai  to  open  up  Troja,  60 

Offered  himself;  of  a  desperate  spirit  and  ready  for  either, 
Or  to  achieve  his  design,  or  to  meet  his  infallible  death-doom. 
Trojan  youth,  with  an  eager  desire  of  beholding,  from  all  sides 
Rally  profusely  around  him,  and  vie  in  insulting  the  captive. 
Mark  now  the  wiles  of  the  Danai,  and  so  from  a  single  example,  65 


BOOK    11.  23 

Ixarn  of  them  all :  — 

For,  as  he  there  in  the  focalizcti  jjazc,  confused  and  dcfcncclcM 

Stooil,  and  starefl  with  his  cye-balis  round  on  the  I'hryjjian  columnt  : 

**  Ah,"  he  exclaims,  ••  what  land  and  what  main  can  afford  mc  a  welcome 

Now  ?     Or  what  waits  me  hereafter  already  a  pitiful  outcast,  ^^^   70 

Whose  is  nowhere  a  place  with  the  Danai,  and  even  the  hostile 

Dardans,  moreover,  themselves  are  dcmandlnj;  the  forfeit  of  lifc-hlood."' 

Thus  by  his  sij^hs  our  feelings  were  chanvjed,  and  every  impulse 

Checked  :  we  exht)rt  him  to  tell  from  wh.il  national  blood  he  desrendcti. 

What  are  the  tidings  he  brings,  and  what  credence  is  due  him  a  captive.  75 

He,  with  his  terror  abated,  at  length  tells  this  as  his  story. 

•*  I  will,  0  monarch,  whatever  may  hap{x;n,  acknowledge  the  whole  truth 
To  thee,"  he  said,  "  nor  will  I  deny  that  I  sprang  from  Argolic  extraction  ; 
This  at  the  outset,  though  impudent  fortune  hath  Sinon  an  outcast 
Rendered,  she  never  shall  render  him  also  a  knave  and  a  liar.  80 

If  there  has  passed  through  thine  ears  peradventure  in  conference  any 
Mention  of  Belian  Palamedes,  and  noted  his  far-famed 
Glory,  whom  innocent,  under  the  flimsy  indictment  of  treason, 
Hase  though  the  proof,  the  Pelasgi,  because  he  disfavored  the  warfare, 
Sentenced  to  death  :  yet  now,  when  deprived  of  the  light,  they  lament  him,       85 
Nearly  related  to  him,  as  his  escort  my  indigent  father 
Hither  hath  sent  me  in  arms  from  the  earliest  years  of  the  conflict. 
While  he  was  standing  unharmed  in  his  realm,  and  in  councils  of  monarchs 
Wielding  an  influence  potent,  we  also  some  name  and  distinction 
Bore  :  but  afterwards,  when  through  the  envy  of  crafty  Ulysses —  90 

Facts  not  unknown  I  relate — he  had  quitted  the  shores  of  the  living, 
I  in  bereavement  was  dragging  out  life  in  depression  and  mourning, 
Grieving  in  loneliness  over  the  fate  of  my  innocent  comrade  : 
Not  as  a  fool  was  I  silent,  but  I,  if  occasion  should  offer, 

If  I  should  ever  as  victor  return  to  my  country  in  Argos,  95 

Swore  a  revenge,  and  by  words  I  provoked  him  to  virulent  hatred. 
Hence  my  original  taint  of  dishonor,  and  hence  did  Ulysses 
Constantly  threaten  new  charges,  and  hence  did  he  scatter  his  rumors 
Vague  in  the  rabble,  and,  conscious  of  wrong,  sought  means  to  attack  me. 
Nor  did  he  rest  indeed,  till '"it  length,  through  his  minister  Calchas —  loo 

Hut  whv  still  do  I  vainlv  unroll  these  unwelcome  recitals  ? 
Whv' .UoKlmger  ?  If  nil  the  .Achaians  you  hold  in  the  same  rank. 
.\n(i  It  suffice  you  to  hear  this,  then  take  now  summary  vengr.nnce  ; 
This  would  the  Ithacan  like,  and  with  much  the  .\trida:  would  purchase." 

Then  of  a  truth  do  we  burn  to  be  told,  and  to  question  the  causes,  105 


24  THE    yENElD. 

Ignorant  all  of  such  villanous  crimes  and  Pelasgian  intrigue. 

Quaking  with  fear  he  continues,  and  speaks  with  dissimulate  bosom  : 

"  Often  the  Danai  have  wanted,  abandoning  Troja,  their  homeward 

Flight  to  effect,  and  disperse,  worn  out  by  the  wearisome  warfare — 

Would  they  had  done  it ! — but  often  some  violent  storm  on  the  ocean  no 

Prisoned  them  in,  and  the  south-wind  often  deterred  them  in  going. 

Specially  now,  when  yon  horse,  compacted  with  stanchions  of  maple. 

Stood  on  its  base  did  the  rain-clouds  howl  through  the  regions  of  sether. 

Forth,  in  suspense,  we  Eurypylus  send  to  interrogate  Phoebus' 

Oracles  :  back  from  the  shrines  does  he  bring  the  appalling  responses,  115 

'  Ye  have  placated  the  winds  with  blood,  and  by  slaying  a  virgin, 

When  at  the  outset,  O  Danai,  ye  came  to  the  Ilian  sea-coasts  ; 

So  your  return  must  be  sought  with  blood,  and  it  must  by  Argolic 

Life  be  atoned.'  "  As  this  utterance  came  to  the  ears  of  the  rabble, 

Stunned  were  their  souls,  and  a  shivering  shudder  ran  through  their  inmost     120 

Bones,  in  doubt  as  to  whom  the  fates  may  intend,  whom  Apollo  may  order. 

Hereat  the  Ithacan  drags,  with  a  boisterous  tumult,  the  prophet 

Calchas  in  public,  and  what  these  decrees  of  the  deities  purport 

Gruffly  demands  :  and  now  many  for  me  were  presaging  the  cruel 

Plot  of  the  schemer,  and  tacitly  viewing  the  ominous  issue.  125 

Twice  five  days  he  is  mute,  and  refuses,  though  safe,  to  deliver 

Any  one  up,  or  consign  him  to  death  by  his  personal  verdict. 

Hardly  at  length,  he,  constrained  by  the  Ithacan's  vehement  clamors, 

Gives  in  collusion  a  vent  to  his  voice,  and  me  dooms  to  the  altar  ! 

All  acquiesced,  and  what  each  for  himself  was  instinctively  dreading  130 

They  were  content  should  be  turned  to  a  single  unfortunate's  ruin. 

Now  had  arrived  the  ineffable  day,  and  for  me  were  preparing 
Orgies,  and  salted  oblations,  and  fillets  to  garland  my  temples — 
Ah  !  I  confess  I  escaped  from  the  doom,  and  asunder  my  fetters 
Tore  :  all  night  by  a  slimy  lake  I,  concealed  in  the  sedge-grass,  135 

Skulked,  till  they  should,  if  they  would  peradventure,  fling  open  their  canvas. 
Hope  I  no  longer  have  any  of  seeing  my  primitive  native 
Land,  and  my  darling  babes,  and  my  earnestly  coveted  parent^ 
Whom  they  perchance  will  anon  for  our  rescue,  remand  to  their  vengeance, 
Aye  and  atone  for  this  crime  by  the  death  of  those  pitiful  objects  !  140 

O,  by  the  mighty  supernals,  and  deities  conscious  of  candor  ; 
Yea,  and  by  all  that  remains,  if  any  whatever  to  mortals 
Left,  of  inviolate  faith,  I  implore  thee  to  pity  my  grievous 
Hardships — pity  a  soul  enduring  unmerited  evils  ! " 

Thus,  for  his  weeping,  we  grant  him  his  life,  and  we  pity  him  freely.         145 


BCK)K     M.  -J 

Priam  himself  first  «riler»  his  mannclcH  «ff,  and  hi»  lijjht-girt 
Fetters  rclicvetl,  ami  addresses  the  man  thus  in  friendly  cxpretsiont : 
"  Henceforth,  whoever  thou  art,  forget  now  the  los«  of  the  (Jrctian»  ; 
Thou  shall  be  ours,  and  declare  to  me  truthfully  these  a»  I  as^  thee. 
Why  have  they  stationed  this  hulk  of  a  hii){e  horse  ?     Who  is  its  plannrr  i  j,o 

What  do  they  mean  ?     What  religious  tlesign,  or  what  engine  of  warfare  ?" 
So  had  he  spoken.      He,  versed  in  deceits  and  Pelasgian  cunning, 
Lifted  aloft  to  the  planets  his  |Xilms  now  divested  of  hand-cuffs  : 
^'  You  ye  eternal  fires,  and  your  ever  inviolate  j^odhead, 
Witness,"  he  said,  **  and  ye  altars,  and  you  yc  detestable  sabres,  155 

Which  I  esca|K'd,  and  ye  fillets  of  gods  I  as  victim  was  wearin;;. 
That  I  am  free  to  alijure  all  the  sacred  oaths  of  the  (irecians  ; 
I'rcc  to  abhor  them  as  men,  and  to  bring  all  their  i)lots  to  the  daylight — 
Aught  if  they  cover.     No  more  am  I  lM)und  by  the  laws  of  my  country  : 
Only  abide  by  thy  promises  true,  and  maintain,  O  protected  160 

Troja,  thy  faith  if  I  tell  thee  the  truth,  if  I  amply  repay  thee  ! 

.\ll  of  the  hope  of  the  Danai,  and  trust  in  the  hazarded  warfare. 
Rested  throughout  on  the  succor  of  Pallas  ;  but  on  from  the  day  when 
Tydcus'  impious  son,  and  the  mischief-inventor  Ulysses, 

Having  the  fateful   Palladium  plotted  to  wrench  from  the  hallowed  165 

Temple,  anil  killing  the  sentinels  guarding  the  heights  of  the  castle, 
Plundered  the  sacred  bust,  and  with  hands  still  reeking  with  carnage. 
Ventured  profanely  to  fumble  the  virginal  wreaths  of  the  gcnldess — 
Ehbed  from  that  moment  the  hope  of  the  Danai,  and  glidingly  backward 
Drifted;  their  vigor  was  wrecked,  and  the  mind  of  the  goddess  against  them.  170 
.\or  did  Tritonia  give  them  her  signals  in  dubious  portents  : 
Scarce  was  her  image  set  up  in  the  camp,  when  glittering  sparkles 
Flashed  from  her  glaring  eyes,  and  a  briny  sweat  o'er  her  memlxrrs 
Trickled,  and  thrice  from  the  grouud  did  she  even — a  mar\-el  to  ultcr  ! 
Leap  up,  waving  defiant  her  buckler  and  quivering  war-spcar.  175 

Straightway  Calchas  discants  that  the  sea  must  l>e  risked  on  a  homeward 
Flight,  and  that  Pergamus  cannot  be  breached  l>y  Argolic  equipments. 
Till  they  at  .\rgo;>  the  omens  repeat,  and  restore  the  protection. 
Which,  in  their  roundeil  keels,  they  had  wafted  away  on  the  «K'ean  : 
Ami  that  they  now  have  set  sail  with  the  wind  for  their  country  .Mycena:  180 

They  are  providing  them  armor  and  guardian  gods,  and  with  ocean  remeasurcd. 
They  will  be  here  unex[x;cted.     So  Calchas  dispenses  the  omens. 
Bemgthus  warned,  in  Palladium's  stead,  for  divinity  outraged. 
They  have  this  effigy  built  to  atone  for  their  sorrowful  trespass. 
Calchas,  however,  has  bidden  them  rear  this  immensurate  structure,  185 


26  THE    ^NEID. 

Studded  with  timbers  of  oak,  and  to  carry  it  even  to  heaven, 

So  that  it  cannot  be  passed  through  the  gates,  nor  be  drawn  in  the  ramparts, 

Lest  it  might  shelter  the  populace  under  their  ancient  religion  : 

For,  if  your  hand  should  in  recreance  sully  the  gifts  to  Minerva, 

Then  shall  a  general  ruin — which  omen  the  gods  on  the  seer's  self  190 

Sooner  retort — to  the  empire  of  Priam  and  Phrygians  happen  ; 

But  if  it  mount  by  your  own  hands  welcomely  into  the  city, 

Asia  will  then  in  a  general  war  to  Pelopian  ramparts  • 

Come,  and  these  identical  fates  will  await  our  descendants." 

Thus  was  the  story,  by  ruses  and  perjuring  Sinon's  adroitness,  195 

Credited  by  us,  and  we  were  ensnared  by  his  wiles  and  fictitious 

Tears,  whom  neither  Tydides,  nor  Larisssean  Achilles 

Even,  nor  ten  long  years,  nor  a  thousand  vessels  have  vanquished. 

Here  there  another  and  graver  event,  and  to  pitiful  us,  too, 
Far  more  awful,  befalls  us,  and  throws  our  improvident  bosoms  2co 

Into  a  panic.     Laocoon,  chosen  by  lotto  be  Neptune's 
Priest,  was  slaying  a  sizable  bull  at  the  ritual  altars. 
When  lo  !  over  the  tranquillized  deeps  from  Tenedos  two  snakes  ! 
(I  in  recounting  it  shudder),  with  coils  of  prodigious  proportions, 
Sprawl  on  the  ocean,  and  side  by  side,  stretch  out  for  the  sea-beach  ;  205 

High  are  their  bosoms  erect  in  the  billows,  and  bloody  their  wattles 
Stand  out  over  the  waves,  while  the  rest  of  them  over  the  deep  sea 
Straggles  behind,  and  recoil  their  enormous  backs  in. a  volume  : 
Echoes  a  roar  on  the  foaming  brine.     They  were  nearing  the  meadows 
Now,  and,  with  eyes  all  ablaze  with  fire,  and  suffusingly  blood-shot,  210 

Lick  they  their  sibilant  mouths  with  their  tongues  in  a  vibrative  quiver. 
Scatter  we  pale  at  the  sight,  while  they,  in  unwavering  column. 
Straight  for  Laocoon  sally  :  at  once  each  one  of  the  serpents, 
Clasping  his  two  sons'  delicate  bodies  in  deadly  embraces, 

Lashes  them  fast,  and  preys  with  its  fangs  on  their  pitiful  members  ;  215 

Next  on  himself,  as  he  comes  to  their  rescue  and  wielding  his  weapons, 
Seize  they,  and  tie  him  in  spirals  immense,  and  already  his  mid-waist 
Twice  have  they  clasped,  and  twice  have  his  throat,  with  their  squaniulose  bodies, 
Compassed,  and  stand  out  head  and  necks  high  vaulted  above  him. 
Tugs  he  at  once  with  his  hands  to  sever  asunder  their  knottings,  220 

Spattered  his  fillets  all  over  with  gore  and  their  venomous  poison, 
Hideous  shrieks  he  at  once  upraises  aloft  to  the  planets  ; 
Bellowings  his  like  a  bullock's,  that  stricken  has  fled  from  the  altars 
Wounded,  as  off  from  his  neck  he  has  shaken  the  blundering  nxe-blow. 
But  in  their  gliding,  the  dragon  pair  to  the  heights  of  the  temple  225 


BOOK    11.  27 

ScutI,  and  repair  to  the  shrine  of  the  merciless  finiijjhter  of  Triton, 

And,  'ncath  the  feet  of  the  ^(Mldess  and  orh  of  her  buckler  are  •«h'^f'-rcd. 

Then  of  a  truth  throiij;h  the  awe-struck  Iwsoms  of  all  ihtc»  a  ff  i 

Shudtlcrintj  creep,  and  they  hold  that  I^ococin  justly  has  suffered 

Punishment  due  for  his  crime,  because  he  had  injuretl  the  sacrrtl  »30 

Oak  with  his  bart),  and  had  hurled  his  iniquitous  spear  in  its  haunt  hcs. 

Hence  that  the  imnj^e  be  drawn  to  her  seat,  and  the  awe  of  the  j^odde»» 

Worshipi>ed,  tokjether  they  clamor  : — 

iJreach  we  the  walls  and  lay  ofxrn  the  city's  impregnable  ram{)art&  : 
All  to  the  service  begird  them,  and  under  its  feet  an  adjusted  2J5 

Gliding  of  wheel-work  thrust,  and  attach  to  its  collar  the  hem|)en 
Cables.     The  fatal  machine  to  the  walls  mounts  stealthily  forward, 
Pregnant  with  arms  :  around  it  the  lioys  and  the  maidens  unmarried 
Chant  their  refrains,  and  rejoice  with  their  hands  to  handle  the  hawser. 
Stealthy  it  enters,  and  menacing  glides  in  the  mi^lst  of  the  city.  ^40 

C)  my  country!  O  Ilium  home  of  the  g<xls,  and  ye  ramparts 
Famous  in  war  of  the  Dardans  !  It  four  times  just  at  the  gate-sill 
Stumbled,  and  four  times  out  of  the  womb  did  the  armor  a  clanking 
Yield  ;  and  yet  onward  we  hasten,  unmindful  and  blinded  by  frenzy. 
Till  we  the  ill-starred  monster  install  in  the  consecrate  castle  !  245. 

Then  does  Cassandra,  too,  open  her  mouth  with  the  fates  of  the  future, 
n<H)med  by  the  ban  of  her  god  to  be  never  believed  by  the  Teucrans. 
Wretched  we,  unto  whom  that  day  would  become  as  our  doom's  day, 
Garnish  the  deities'  fanes  through  the  city  with  festival  garlands  I 

Meanwhile  the  heavens  revolve,  and  uprushes  the  night  from  the  ocean,   250 
Shrouding  the  earth  and  the  sky  in  its  l>oundless  shade,  and  licneath  it 
Screening  the  Myrmidon's  wiles.    The  Teucrans,  dispersed  through  the  ramparts,. 
Wholly  have  hushed,  and  sleep  is  embracing  their  members  e.xhausted. 
Now  was  from  Tenedos  starting,  in  nautical  order,  the  Argive 
Phalan.v,  and,  on  through  the  friendly  calm  of  the  halcyon  moon-light,  -■^ 

Seeking  the  well-known  shores.     When  the  flag-ship  royal  had  stern-lights 
Hoisted,  protected  by  unfair  fates  of  the  deities,  Sinon 
Slyly  unfastens  their  piney  enclosures,  and  lets  the  imprisoned 
Danaans  out  of  the  womb  :  thus  opened,  the  horse  to  the  free  air 
Ushers  them  forth  ;  and  elated  emerge  from  their  cavernous  oaken  a6o 

Covert  Thessander  and  Sthenelus,  leaders,  and  hanlened  Ulysses, 
Sliding  adown  on  a  rope  that  was  lowered,  and  Acamas,  Thoas, 
Peleus'  descendent  Neoplotemus,  and  foremost  Machaon,^ 
Chief  Menelaus,  and  even  the  strateg)-  builder  EpeQs. 
Sally  they  out  in  the  city,  now  buried  in  slumber  and  wassail ;  365 


28  THE    yENEID. 

SJain  are  the  sentries,  and  throwing  the  gates  wide  open,  they  welcome 
All  their  companions,  and  join, as  concerted,  their  squads  for  the  onset. 

It  was  the  time,  when  on  languishing  mortals  the  earliest  quiet 
Seizes,  and  creeps,  by  a  boon  of  the  deities,  gratefully  o'er  them  : 
Lo  !  in  my  slumbers,  before  mine  eyes  most  sorrowful  Hector  270 

Seemed  to  me  to  appear,  and  to  pour  forth  copious  tear-drops  ; 
Just  as  when  formerly  trailed  by  the  span,  and  black  with  the  gory 
Dust,  and  pierced  through  his  swollen  feet  with  the  fastening  rawhide — 
Ah  me  !  how  ghastly  he  was  !  how  exceedingly  changed  from  that  noble 
Hector,  who  comes  back  proudly  arrayed  in  the  spoils  of  Achilles,  275 

Or  as  he  darted  the  Phrygian  fires  on  the  Danaan's  galleys — 
Wearing  a  squalid  beard,  and  his  hair  all  matted  with  blood-clots  ! 
Many  a  wound,  too,  which  he  had  around  the  walls  of  his  native 
City  received  :  and  abruptly  methought  that  I  also  in  person 
Weeping  accosted  the  hero,  and  uttered  these  sorrowful  phrases  :  280 

"  O  Dardania's  light,  most  reliable  hope  of  the  Teucrans, 
What  so  unwonted  delays  have  detained  thee  ?  and  where  are  the  confines 
Whence  thou,  expected  Hector,  dost  come  ?     Since  the  many  untimely 
Deaths  of  thine  own  kin,  since  the  various  toils  of  the  men  and  the  city, 
How  are  we  wearily  watching  for  thee  !     What  cause  has  unworthy  285 

Marred  thy  benignant  visage,  or  wherefore  discern  I  these  gashes?" 
Naught  he  replies,  nor  allows  me  to  linger  in  empty  inquiries, 
But  said,  heavily  heaving  a  sigh  from  his  innermost  bosom  : 
"  Ah  !  flee,  goddess-born,  and  betake  thee  away  from  these  burnings  ; 
Foemen  are  holding  the  walls  ;  from  her  eminence  Troja  is  rushing.  290 

J^aid  is  to  country  and  Priam  enough  :  if  ever  by  right  hand 
Pergamus  could  have  been  warded,  it  would  have  been  warded  by  this  one. 
Troja  commits  to  thy  keeping  her  relics  and  tutelar  home-gods  ; 
Take  these  attendants  benign  of  thy  fates,  and  seek  them  the  ramparts 
Mighty  which  thou  shalt  establish  at  length  when  the  deep  has  been  traversed."   295 
So  he  exclaims,  and  forth  in  his  hands  he  the  fillets,  and  potent 
Vesta,  and  fire  perpetual  brings  from  the  holy  of  holies. 

Meanwhile  the  ramparts  all  are  embroiled  in  diversified  wailing  : 
Clearer  and  clearer,  although  the  abode  of  my  father  Anchises 
Stood  at  a  distance  secluded,  and  sheltered  by  shadowing  tree-toi^,  300 

Hing  out  the  sounds,  and  the  horror  of  armor  in  action  encroaches. 
Out  of  my  sleep  I  am  startled,  and  up  to  the  peaks  of  the  toi)niost 
Roof  I  ascendingly  clamber,  and  stand  with  excited  attention  : 
Just  as  when  flame  in  the  harvest,  while  fierce  are  the  furious  south-winds, 
Falls;  or  as  swift,  in  a  mountain  freshet,  a  torrent  careering  305 


Levels  the  fields  and  the  ripe  crops,  levels  the  lalmr*  of  oxen, 

Hcaillont;  drai^j^in^;  the  forests  :  ajjhast  and  l)cwil(lcred  the  shepherd 

Stands,  as  he  catches  the  sound  from  the  lofty  tops  of  a  rock-ledge. 

Verily  manifest  then  was  their  faith,  and  the  Danaan's  ruses 

Patent.     Alreaily  Peiphohus'  s|xi(ious  mansion  has  ruin  jio 

Yielded  to  coiuiiierinyj  Vulcan  ;  akeady  I'cale^jan  near  it 

Blazes,  and  wide  with  the  fire  are  upli^jhteil  the  straits  of  SiijcUm. 

Loudly  are  rising  the  clamor  of  men  and  the  clangor  of  trumfxrts. 

Armor  I  frenziedly  grasp,  though  not  enough  reason  in  arming, 

Only  to  muster  a  s(|uad  for  a  battle,  and  on  with  my  comrades  315 

Rush  to  the  castle  ;  ablaze  are  our  [passions,  and  fury  and  vengeance 

Frenzy  my  mind,  and  beseems  it  an  honor  to  die  in  our  armor. 

Lo  !  in  the  meantime  I'anthus,  eluding  the  shafts  of  .Vchians — 
Panthus,  the  t)ffspring  of  Orthys  and  priest  of  the  Castle  of  I'hiebus, 
Relics  in  hand,  his  discomfitetl  gods,  and  his  delicate  grandson  320 

Drags  himself;  and,  bewildered  in  running,  approaches  the  thresholds. 
"  Where  is  the  paramount  point,  O  Panthus  ?     What  citadel  seize  we  ?" 
Scarce  had  I  uttered  these  words,  when  he,  heavily  sighing,  res|)onds  thus  : 
•*  Come  is  the  paramount  day,  and  Dardania's  critical  epoch  ; 
Trojans  we  were,  and  Ilium  was,  but  is  vanished  the  peerless  325 

Ctlory  of  Teiicrans.     Jupiter  wrathful  to  .\rgos  hath  all  things 
Handed  :  abroad  in  the  city  on  fire  are  the  Danaans  masters. 
Warriors  armed  is  the  tall  horse,  lodged  in  the  midst  of  the  ramfxnrts. 
Pouring  out  freely,  and  Sinon,  triumphant,  is  scattering  firebrands 
Insolent.     Others  are  standing  amassed  at  the  double-doored  gateways,  330 

Thousands,  as  many  as  ever  came  over  from  mighty  Mycen«e  ; 
Others  have  blocked  with  their  weapons  the  streets  in  the  narrowest  jxis.ses, 
IJarring  a  passage  :  the  sword's  keen  edge,  with  its  glittering  blade,  stands 
Drawn  already  for  slaughter  ;  the  outermost  guards  at  the  |X)rtals, 
Scarcely  attempt  a  repulse,  and  withstand  in  a  random  encounter."  335 

Spurred  by  such  sayings  of  Orthys'  son,  and  by  deity's  impulse, 
I  on  the  flames  and  arms  rush  whither  the  woful  Krinys, 
Whither  the  din  and  the  clamor,  upraised  to  the  firmament,  summon, 
join  me  as  comrades,  Ripheus,  and  mighty  in  armor  the  chieftain 
Kpytus,  meeting  by  moonlight  ;   Hyi^inis  also,  and  Dymas  340 

Cluster  alike  at  my  side,  antl  the  gallant  descendant  of  Mygdon, 
Youthful  Coroebus.     He  merely  by  chance  had  to  Troja  in  those  days 
Come,  as  a  suitor  inflamed  by  infatuate  love  for  Cassandra, 
And  as  a  son-in-law  aid  was  to  Priam  and  Phrygians  bringing. 
Ill-fated,  in  that  he  did  not  the  warning  advice  of  bis  frenzied  345 


30  •  THE    ^NEID. 


Lady-love  heed  : — 

When  I  beheld  these  banded  together  to  venture  in  combats, 
I  still  further  begin  thus  :  "  Warriors,  vainly  intrepid 
Breasts,  if  it  be  your  unwavering  purpose  to  follow  me,  braving 
Hazards  extreme,  ye  behold  what  a  fortune  there  is  in  the  issues.  350 

All  of  the  gods,  by  whose  favor  this  empire  had  stood,  have  departed 
Leaving  their  hallowed  recesses  and  altars  :  ye  come  to  a  burning 
City's  relief  ;  let  us  die  and  career  in  the  midst  of  the  conflict, 
Since  to  expect  no  resort  is  the  only  resort  of  the  vanquished.  " 
Thus  to  the  warriors'  souls  there  is  added  a  fury  :  we  then,  like  355 

Ravening  wolves  in  a  dismal  fog,  whom  imperious  hunger 
Blindedly  urges  abroad,  while  the  cubs  they  have  left  are  expectant 
Waiting  with  famishing  jaws,  right  on  through  the  weapons  and  foemen, 
Tramp  to  no  dubious  death,  and  our  way  through  the  midst  of  the  city 
Hold,  while  black  night  broods  with  enveloping  shadows  around  us.  360 

Who  can  the  carnage  of  that  night,  who  can  its  deaths  in  narrating 
Sketch,  or  is  able  to  equal  with  tears  the  accounts  of  its  hardships  ? 
Crumbles  our  primitive  city,  for  ages  the  seat  of  dominion. 
Many  a  motionless  corpse  is  in  every  direction  at  random 

Sti-ewn  through  the  streets,  and  homes,  and  the  deities'  hallowed  365 

Fanes.     Not  alone  do  the  Teucrans  penalties  pay  with  their  life-blood  ; 
Once  in  a  while  does  a  valor  return  to  the  hearts  of  their  vanquished 
Foes,  and  victorious  Danaans  fall.     There  is  everywhere  doleful 
Wailing,  and  everywhere  consternation,  and  many  a  death's  shape. 

First,  Androgens  offers  himself  with  a  mighty  attendant  370 

Throng  of  the  Danaans  to  us,  and  counting  us,  wholly  unconscious, 
Federate  columns,  he  promptly  accosts  us  in  friendly  expressions  :   . 
"  Hurry  up,  men,  for  what  so  excessively  tardy  inaction 
Keeps  you  ?     While  others  are  sacking  and  plundering  burning 
Pergamus,  you  are  but  just  now  come  from  the  towering  vessels."  375 

Spake  he,  and  instantly — since  we  no  over-reliable  answers 
Deign  to  return  him — finds  he  has  slipped  in  the  midst  of  the  foemen. 
Stood  he  astounded,  and  back  with  his  voice  he  retracted  his  footsteps  ; 
Like  unto  one  who  in  rambles  has  trod  unawares,  in  the  prickly 
Brakes,  on  a  serpent,  and  tremblingly,  all  of  a  sudden,  retreated,  3S0 

Just  as  it  bristles  its  ire,  and  distends  its  cerulean  wattles  ; 
So  was  Androgeos,  shocked  at  the  sight,  with  a  shudder  withdrawing. 
Onward  we  rush  and  around  them  pour  with  our  clustering  weapons. 
Strange  in  the  place,  and  bewildered  by  panic,  and  strew  them  around  us 
Pell-mell.     Fortune  auspiciously  breathes  on  our  earliest  effort.  385 


BOOK    II.  31 

Hut  here,  flushcti  with  success  and  exulting  in  spirits,  Coroebus 

Shouts  out ;  *'  Comrades,  where  earliest  fortune  a  passage  of  salety 

Shows  us,  and  where  she  reveals  her  propitiously  let  u»  pursue  her  ; 

Let  us  exchanjje  our  shields,  and  ujwn  us  the  Danailns'  badges 

Buckle  ;  for  l)e  it  a  ruse  or  heroic,  who  asks  in  a  focinan  ?  390 

They  shall  supply  us  with  armor."     So  sayinj^  Androj^etis'  crested 

Casque,  and  thejjaily  embellished  device  of  his  shield,  he  exultant 

Dons,  and  fast  to  his  side  he  an  Ar^jive  scimitar  buckles: 

So  does  Ripheus,  and  Dymas  himself,  too,  and  all  of  the  youn^  men 

Jubilant  :  each  from  their  recent  plunder  equips  him  with  armor.  595 

Onward  we  tramp  ;  and  with  Danaans,  umler  our  alien  protection. 

Mingle,  and  many  a  combat  join  in  the  wilderin)^  midnight 

Fighting,  and  send  we  many  a   Danaan  downward  to  Orcus. 

Some  skulk  off  to  the  shi[)s,  and  away  to  the  sheltering  seabeach 

Scud  on  a  run  :  part  back  in  their  craven  timidity  clamber  4*o 

Into  the  monstrous  horse,  and  are  hid  in  its  notable  belly. 

Ah  !  but  on  nothing  should  any  rely,  when  the  gods  arc  against  him. 
Lo  I  Cassandra,  the  virgin  daughter  of  Priam,  was  being 
Dragged  by  her  tangled  hair  from  the  temple  and  shrine  of  Minerva, 
Upward  to  heaven,  though  vainly,  uplifting  her  fiery  eye-balls —  405 

Eye-balls  only  it  was,  for  the  chains  were  restraining  her  tender 
Palms,     This  sight  could  Coratbiis,  with  mind  wrought  up  to  a  frenzy, 
Brook  not,  and  ready  to  perish,  he  dashed  in  the  midst  of  the  columns  : 
Follow  we  all  in  a  body,  and  rush  on  their  clustering  armor. 

Here  we  at  first  are  o'erwhelmed  by  the  weapons  of  friends  from  the  lofty        410 
Pinnacle  hurled  of  the  fane,  and  ensues  a  most  pitiful  slaughter. 
Caused  by  a  glimpse  of  our  arms,  and    mistake  of  the  crests  of  the  Grecians. 
Then  do  the  Danai,  with  groan  and  in  wrath  at  the  raid  for  the  virgin. 
Massing  together  on  all  sides,  charge  us,  the  des{)erate  Ajax, 
Atreus'  twin-born  sons,  and  the  whole  Dolopian  army  ;  4«5 

Just  as  when  opjX)site  winds  sometimes  in  a  blustering  whirlwind 
Struggle  together,  the  West  and  the  South,  anti,  elate  with  its  Orient 
Charges,  the  East  wind  :  rumbles  the  forest  and  NereQs  foamy 
Raves  with  his  trident,  and  rouses  the  main  to  its  nethermost  txjttom. 
Those  too,  whomever  we  have  in  the  gloom  of  the  tenebrous  midnight  420 

Routed  by  means  of  our  ruses,  and  chased  through  the  whole  of  the  city. 
Rally,  as  soon  as  they  recognize  on  us  the  shields  and  the  tell-tale 
VV'ea|X)ns,  and  notice  moreover  our  language  discrepant  m  accent 
Instantly  we  are  o'erwhelmed  by  their  numlK-r,  and  foremost  C'oracbas, 
Prostrate  by  Penelcus'  hand  at  the  shrine  of  the  warrior-goddess,  4 -»5 


32  THE    ^NEID. 

Tumbles,  and  Ripheus  falls,  who  alone  was  deemed  the  most  upright 

Man  of  the  Teucrans,  and  known  as  the  strictest  observer  of  justice: 

Seemed  it  to  deities  otherwise.     Hypan is  welters,  and  Dymas, 

Stabbed  by  their  comrades  ;  nor  did  thy  eminent  piety  Panthus, 

Shield  thee  from  falling,  nor  even  thy  wool-tuft  badge  of  Apollo.  430 

Ashes  of  Ilium  !  you,  and  ye  smouldering  flames  of  my  kindred. 

Witness,  that  I  in  your  fall  have  neither  the  weapons  nor  onsets 

Shunned  of  the  Danai  ;  and  had  it  been  fated  that  I  should  have  fallen, 

I  had  deserved  it  as  won  by  mine  own  hand.     Thence  are  we  scattered, 

Iphitus  with  me  and  Pelias  stay,  of  whom  Iphitus  now  was  '"'  435 

Clumsy  with  age,  and  Pelias  lame  by  a  wound  of  Ulysses. 

Presently  we  by  a  clamor  are  called  to  the  mansion  of  Priam  : 
Here  we  in  sooth  a  tremendous  fight,  as  if  battles  were  nowhere 
Waging  beside,  and  were  none  else  dying  in  all  of  the  city, 

Mars  so  untamably  rampant,  and  Danaans  storming  the  palace,  440 

See,  and  the  threshold  beset  by  a  compact  shelter  of  bucklers. 
Ladders  adhere  to  the  walls,  and  they  up  on  the  rounds  by  the  very 
Doorposts  clamber,  and,  parrying  darts  by  shields  in  the  left  hands 
Holden,  they  grapple  protected  the  coping  above  with  their  right  hands. 
Dardans  in  turn  are  the  turrets,  and  topmost  roofs  of  their  houses,  445 

vVrenching,  and  now,  since  they  see  the  emergency,  even  with  these  rude 
Weapons  prepare  to  defend  themselves  in  their  death  to  the  utmost. 
Gilded  rafters,  the  lofty  adornments  of  primitive  parents, 
Roll  they  adown,  while  others  with  unsheathed  sabres  the  lower 
Gateways  block,  and  defend  them  by  massing  themselves  in  a  column  :  450 

Nerved  anew  are  our  souls  to  protect  the  abodes  of  the  monarch. 
Cheer  by  our  aid  the  heroes,  and  energy  add  to  the  vanquished. 

There  was  a  threshold  and  blind-wrought  doors,  and  a  passable  alley 
Leading  between  the  abodes  of  Priam,  neglected  its  doorposts 
Back  in  the  rear,  where  often,  while  Ilium's  realms  were  remaining,  455 

Hapless  Andromache  suiteless  was  wont  to  repair  to  her  royal 
Parents-in-law,  and  the  boy  Astyanax  take  to  his  grandsire. 
Wend  I  up  thence  to  the  battlements'  topmost  peak,  whence  the  wretched 
Teucrans  were  hurling  by  hand  on  the  foeman  their  weapons  at  random. 
Th£re  at  a  watch-tower,  perched  on  the  verge,  and  upbuilt  on  the  topmost       460 
Roofs  to  the  stars — whence  the  whole  panorama  of  Troja  was  widely 
Seen,  and  the  Danaans'  customed  ships  and  Achaian  encampments — 
Prying  with  crow-bars  round,  where  the  uppermost  layer  of  timbers 
Yielded  detachable  joinings,  together  we  wrench  from  its  lofty 
Trusses,  and  tumble  it  down  :  in  an  instant  it  falling  a  ruin  4(55 


BOOK    II.  ^} 

Sweeps  with  n  thuiulcniig  sound,  and  afar  on  the  Danaiin  columns 
Crashes.     Hut  others  come  up,  nor  are  |X)nderous  t)ouldcr»,  nor  any 
S|)ecies  of  wea[X)ns  the  meanwhile  ceasing  : — 

Ki};ht  in  front  of  the  porch  itself,  in  the  outermost  threshold, 
Pyrrhus  is  leaping,  ajjiitter  with  weajxMis  aiul  brazen  eff  •  ;  470 

Just  like  an  adder  in  lustre,  when  fattened  on  jx;is«»uous  i i^e, 

Which,  while  swollen,  the  frosty  winter  in  earth  was  conceaUng, 
Now,  fresh  rid  of  its  slough,  and  shining  in  rejuvenescence. 
Coils  in  a  circle  its  slipjx;ry  back,  and  erecting  its  iKjsom 

Tall  to  the  sun,  it  its  tri-clcft  tongue  darts  out  in  defiance  475 

Periphas  mighty  abetting,  anil  driver  of  steeds  for  Achilles, 
Armor-bearer  Antomedon,  all  of  the  stalwarts  of  Scyros 
Scramble  at  once  to  the  roof,  and  the  flames  uptoss  to  the  ridge-plate. 
He  mid  the  foremost  a  well-tem|K"red,  two-edged  battle-axe  seizing,  [i)Oun<J 

Smashes  the  thresholds,  and  wrenches  right  out  of  their  sockets  the  brass-     480 
Posts  ;  and  already,  the  brace  cut  away,  he  has  hollowed  the  firm  oak 
Timbers,  and  furnished  a  monstrous,  wide-mouthed  breach  like  a  window. 
Clear  is  the  house  within,  and  the  court-yards  lengthy  lie  o[Kn  ; 
Clear  are  the  hallowed  recesses  of  Priam  and  earlier  monarchs  ; 
Sentinels  standing  armed,  too,  they  see  in  the  outermost  threshold.  485 

Hut  the  interior  home  is  with  moaning  and  piteous  tumult 
Mingled  ;  throughout  are  the  hollow  rotundas  with  fen.inine  wailings 
Yelling  ;  away  to  the  golden  planets  is  booming  the  clamor. 
Then  do  the  timorous  matrons  aghast  through  the  spacious  apartments 
Roam,  and  embracing  the  door-posts,  cling  to,  and  print  on  theni  kisses.         490 
On  comes  Pyrrhus  with  sire-like  vigcr  ;  no  bars  and  no  sentries 
Serve  to  withstand  him;  the  gate-frame  totters  beneath  the  incessant 
liattering-ram,  and,  up-pried  from  their  sockets,  fall  prostrate  the  door-i^'sf^ 
Forced  is  a  passage:  admitted,  the  Danaiins  burst  in  an  entrance, 
Butcher  the  foremost,  and  widely  with  soldiery  fill  up  the  s|)aces.  495 

Not  so  even  a  river,  when  bursting  its  dikes,  it  haj  foaming 
Issued,  and  swept  with  an  eddying  torrent  opjxjsmg  embankments. 
On  it  is  furious  borne  in  the  fields  in  a  mass,  and  o'er  all  plains 
Bears  away  cattle  with  stalls.      I  myself  saw  frenzied  with  carnage 
Neoptolemus,  Atreus'  twin-born  son, on  the  threshold  ;  500 

Hecuba  saw,  and  her  daughters-in-law,  a  hundred,  and  Priam 
Soiling  with  blood  at  the  altars  the  fires  which  he  had  himself  blest. 
Down  did  those  fifty  chambers,  his  hope  so  high  of  descendants; 
Down  did  those  door-jx)sts,  bla/.oned  with  gold   barbaric  and  war-spoils. 
Tumble;  the  Danaiius  occupy  all  that  the  fire  is  exempting.  505 


34  •  THE    ^NEID. 

Possibly  thou  mayest  ask  of  me  what  was  the  sequel  of  Priam. 
As  he  beheld  the  fall  of  the  captured  city,  his  mansion's 
Thresholds  breached,  and  the  foe  in  the  midst  of  his  hallowed  recesses, 
Fruitlessly  over  his  shoulders,  now  trembling  with  age,  does  the  old  man 
Buckle  his  armor  long  unused,  and  is  girded  with  useless  510 

Steel,  and  is  hurried,  intent  on  death,  on  the  clustering  foemen. 
Right  in  the  midst  of  the  courts,  'neath  the  open  awning  of  aether, 
Stood  an  enormous  altar,  and  near  it  a  veteran  laurel, 
Draping  the  altar,  and  under  its  shadow  embracing  the  home-gods. 
Vainly  were  Hecuba  here,  and  her  daughters  around  by  the  altar,  5 1 5 

Even  as  timid  precipitous  doves  in  a  darkening  tempest. 
Huddled  together,  and  seated  clasping  the  deities'  statues. 
But  as  she  Priam  himself  saw  graspmg  his  juvenile  armor, 
"  Ah!  what  purpose  so  utterly  direful,  my  pitiful  husband. 

Drives  thee,"  says  she,  "  to  be  girt  by  these  weapons  ?  or  whither  art  rushing?  520 
No  such  assistance,  and  no  such  defenders  as  these  the  occasion 
Needs,  nor  would  it  indeed,  if  now  were  my  Hector  himself  here. 
Hither,  I  pray  thee,  betake  thee:  this  altar  will  all  of  us  shelter. 
Or  thou  shalt  die  with  us.''     So  with  her  mouth  having  spoke  she  drew  him 
Back  to  herself,  and  the  patriarch  placed  in  the  sacred  asylum.  535 

Lo  !  in  the  meantime,  escaped  from  the  havoc  of  Pyrrhus,  Polites, 
One  of  the  sons  of  Priam,  through  weapons  and  on  through  the  foemen 
Home  to  the  long-rowed  porticoes,  flees,  and  ranges  the  long  courts 
Wounded;  and  hot  for  a  deadly  thrust  does  his  enemy  Pyrrhus 
Chase  him,  and  now,  now  holds  in  his  clutches  and  stabs  him  with  war-spear,  53c 
Just  as  at  length  he  emerged  to  the  view,  and  the  presence,  of  parents  : 
Over  he  tumbled,  and  poured  out  his  life  in  a  copious  blood-shed. 
Hereupon  Priam,  though  now  in  the  midst  of  death  he  is  holden. 
Did  not,  however,  abstain,  nor  forbore  he  his  voice  and  resentment: 

"  But  may  the  gods  for  the  crime,"  he  exclaims,  "  for  so  daring  an  outrage,  535 
If  there  be  piety  any  in  heaven  that  cares  for  such  actions, 
Pay  thee  retributive  thanks,  and  render  ihee  fitting  requitals, 
Who  hast  thus  made  me  in  person  my  own  son's  butchery  witness; 
Yea,  and  hast  grossly  insulted  a  father's  face  by  the  murder. 
But  not  such  that  Achilles  from  whom  thou  pretendest  descendance,  540 

Was  to  his  enemy  Priam,  but  he  for  the  rights  and  forbearance 
Due  to  a  suppliant  blushed,  and  the  lifeless  remains  of  my  Hector 
Rendered  me  up  for  sepulture,  and  sent  me  again  to  my  Kingdom." 

So  did  the  old  man  speak,  and  a  forceless  weapon  ungainly 
Tilted,  which  mstantly  back  was  repelled  by  the  hoarsely  resounding  545 


BOOK  ir  35 

Rras.s,  and  al)ortivcly  hung  on  the  outermost  Im»»  of  hit  buckler. 

I'yrrhus  tu  him  :  "Thou  shalt  carry  tncsc  me!»ha}{ci  l>ack,  stnd  at-bcrald 

(io  to  Pclides  my  sire  ;  and  rcmeml>cr  to  tell  hm»  my  direful 

Deeds,  and  as  well  of  his  reprobate  Neoptolemus  tell  htm 

Now  die  !  "  So  i».'iying,  along  to  the  very  altars  he  tremMmf;  550 

Drew  hitn,  ami  slippitig  each  step  in  the  copious  hUxxl  of  hia  own  son  I 

Then  with  his  left  hand  clutchtn!^  his  hair,  with  his  rij^ht  he  his  Hashing 

Falchion  lifted,  and  buried  it  up  to  the  hilt  in  his  iMjsom. 

Such  was  the  end  of  the  fortunes  of  Priam,  and  this  the  alloted 

Kxit  that  took  him,  Ijeholding  the  burning  of  'Iroja  and  falling  555 

I'erj^amus,  once  the  imix;rial  lord  of  so  many  of  Asia's 

Peoples  and  lands  :  he  lies  an  unsightly  trunk  on  the  sea-shore 

Tombless,  his  head  from  his  shoulders  dissevered,  and  nameless  the  carcass  ' 

Hut  there  then  for  the  first  stood  rounil  me  a  merciless  horror  I 
1  was  bewildered  ;  the  form  of  my  own  dear  father  upstarted,  560 

As  I  the  monarch  beheld  of  the  same  age  breathing  his  life  out 
There  from  the  cruel  wound  :  upstarted  deserted  CreClsa 
'I'oo,  and  my  plundered  home,  and  the  fate  of  the  little  Ililus. 
backward  I  look,  and  survey  what  available  force  is  around  me  : 
All  have  deserted  me  weary,  anti  flung  their  emaciate  Inxlies  565 

Down  at  a  bound  to  the  ground,  or  else  to  the  flames  have  consigned  them. 

So  I  was  left  now  alone,  when  I  clt^se  by  the  threshold  of  Vesta 
Keeping  for  safety,  and  silently  hiii  in  the  secret  asylum, 
'iynilarus'  daughter  espy  ;  for  the  flames  outshining  afford  me 
Light  as  I  wander,  my  eyes  o'er  all  things  glancing  at  random.  570 

She,  for  the  ruin  of  Pergamus,  dreading  alike  the  repugnant 
Teucrans,  the  Danaan's  vengeance,  and  wrath  of  her  basely  deserted 
Husband,  of  Troja  as  well  and  her  country  the  common  Krinys. 
Close  had  she  skulked,  and  was  crouching  unseen  by  the  side  of  the  altars. 
Fires  burst  out  in  my  soul  ;  there  arises  a  rage  for  avenging  575 

On  her  my  falling  country,  and  taking  a  criminal  vengeance. 
Shall  she,  forsooth,  on  Sparta  unharmed,  and  her  native  Mycena; 
(iaze  again,  and- return  as  a  queen  in  im|X"rial  triumph  ? 
Shall  she  behold  her  espoused,  and  her  home  and  her  fathers  and  children, 
(iraced  by  a  train  of  attendant  Ilian  and  Phr)'gian  vassals  ?  5S0 

I'riam  have  fallen  by  sworti  and  Troja  have  smouldered  to  ashes? 
Must  the  Dardanian  shore  so  often  have  sweltered  in  carnage.* 
No,  not  so  !  for  although  there  be  no  distinguishing  honor 
Gained  by  a  woman's  death,  nor  has  victory  in  it  a  glory. 
Yet  in  my  having  extinguished  a  nuisance,  and  punished  the  guilty,  5S5 


36  THE    ^NEID. 

I  shall  be  lauded,  and  then  shall  my  soul  rejoice  to  have  glutted 

Once  the  aven^ng  flame,  and  appeased  the  remains  of  my  kindred. 

Thus  was  I  ranting,  and  carried  away  by  infuriate  purpose, 

When  there,  as  never  before  so  observably  clear  to  my  vision, 

Met  me,  and,  bright  through  the  darkness,  in  radiance  glittered  my  loving       590 

Parent,  assuming  the  mien  of  a  goddess,  and  grand  and  majestic 

As  by  celestials  wont  to  be  seen  ;  and,  seizing  my  right  hand, 

Checked  me,  and  thus  from  her  roseate  mouth,  moreover,  addressed  me: 

"  Son,  what  anguish  so  poignant  excites  thine  untamable  passions  ? 

Why  art  thou  raving?  and  whither  has  vanished  for  me  thine  affection  ?  595 

Wilt  thou  not  rather  see  where  thou  hast  quitted  thy  father  Anchises, 

Cumbered  with  age,  and  whether  is  living  thy  consort  Creiisa  ? 

Yes,  and  thy  boy  Ascanius  round  whom  are  roaming  on  all  sides 

Squads  of  the  Grecians  ?     And  did  not  my  vigilance  o'er  them  prevent  it, 

Flames  had  already  consumed,  and  the  enemy's  sword  had  devoured  them.      600 

Not  the  detestable  charm  of  Laconian  Tyndarus'  daughter  : 

Not  the  condemnable  Paris,  the  wrath  of  the  gods,  of  the  gods  !  it 

Now  is  destroying  these  treasures,  and  felling  from  eminence  Troja. 

Look  up  !  for  every  cloud  which  now,  as  thou  gazest,  impending 

Darkens  thy  mortal  vision,  and  hazily  hovers  around  thee,  605 

I  will  uplifting  dispel  :  but  in  every  emergence  thy  parent's 

Mandates  fear  thou  not  ;  nor  refuse  to  obey  her  injunctions. 

Here,  where  scattered  fragments,  and  granite  from  granite  asunder 

Torn,  and  immingled  with  dust  and  billowy  smoke,  thou  beholdst, 

Neptune  these  walls  and  foundations,  upturned  by  his  powerful  trident,  610 

Shakes,  and  to  ruins  the  city  entire  from  its  bases  embedded 

Crumbles.     Here  utterly  merciless  Juno  in  front  of  the  Scoean 

Gates  holds  sway,  and  in  fury  her  federate  host  from  the  vessels 

Sword-girt  summons  : — 

Now  on  the  uppermost  castles,  look  up,  is  Tritonian  Pallas  615 

Seated,  in  halo  effulgent,  and  gleaming  with  merciless  Gorgon, 
Father  himself  to  the  Danaans  courage  and  vigor  auspicious 
Grants,  and  arouses  the  gods  against  the  Dardanian  armor. 
Hasten,  my  son,  thine  escape,  and  a  period  put  to  the  struggle  : 
Ne'er  will  I  leave  thee,  but  settle  thee  safe  in  thy  kingdom  paternal  !  "  620 

Thus  had  she  spoken,  and  hid  her  in  thickening  shadows  of  midnight  ; 
Round  are  spectres  appalling  appearing,  and  hostile  to  Troja 
Potencies  mighty  of  gods  ! — 

Then  in  truth  all  Ilium  seemed  to  me  crumbling  to  ashes  ! 
And  to  its  base  appeared  Neptunian  Troja  demolished  ;  625 


BOOK    11.  37 

Just  as  when  farmers  a  primitive  ash  on  the  top»  of  the  mountains, 
Chopping  with  steel,  arc  intent  by  continual  strokes  of  their  twoed^jed 
Axes  in  rivalrous  effort  to  level  ;  it  threatens  a  long  time 
Trembling,  and  nods  its  locks  on  its  oft-jarred  summit,  and  loiters. 
Till  It,  by  little  and  little  o'ercomc  by  its  wounds,  has  its  last  groan  630 

*  Uttered,  and  torn  from  the  ridges  has  swept  a  precipitous  ruin. 
Downward  I  weiul,  and  by  deity  guided,  "mid  Hames  and  the  focmen 
Hasten  along,  for  the  weapons  give  place  and  the  llames  arc  recedent. 

But,  when  now  I  had  through  to  the  thresholds  come  of  my  father's 
Home  and  the  primitive  mansions,  my  sire,  whom  first  to  the  lofty  635 

Mountains  away  I  was  anxious  to  carry  and  first  was  approaching. 
Stoutly  refuses,  with  Troja  in  ruins,  to  weary  out  longer 
Life,  and  to  suffer  in  exile  :  "  O  ye,  in  whom  taintless  of  old  age. 
Young  blood  courses,  and  firm  in  whose  strength  is  the  vigor  ot  m.inhood. 
You,"  says  he,  "  make  your  escajie  : —  640 

If  the  celestials  had  purjxjseti  that  I  should  prolong  an  existence. 
They  would  have  shielded  these  homes  :  it  suffices,  and  more  than  suffices. 
That  I  have  witnessed  one  wreck,  and  survived  from  the  sack  of  the  city  ; 
Say  o'er  this  body  laid  so,  just  so,  your  adieus  and  depart  ye  ; 
I  with  my  hand  will  invent  me  a  death,  or  a  foeman  will  pity,  643 

While  he  is  searching  for  plunder,  and  slight  is  the  loss  of  sepulture. 
Ixjng  I  already,  detested  by  deities,  linger  through  weary 
Years,  from  the  time  that  the  father  of  gods  and  the  sovereign  of  mortals 
Blasted  me  sore  with  the  blasts  of  his  thunder,  and  smote  me  with  lightning." 
Thus  he  recounting  was  staying,  and  firm  in  his  purpose  remaining.  650 

We  on  the  contrary  melted  in  tears,  my  consort  Crell&a, 
Little  Ascanius,  all  of  the  family,  beg  of  my  father 
Not  to  o'erwhelm  with  him  all,  and  to  sink  them  in  imminent  ruin. 
Still  he  refuses,  and  clings  to  his  purpose  and  posture  unyielding. 
Once  more  rush  I  to  arms,  and  crave  death  utterly  wretched  ;  655 

For  what  other  expedient  now,  or  what  chance  was  affordetl  ? 
"  Father,  that  I  could  advance  one  step  and  yet  leave  thee  l)chind  mc. 
Didst  thou  hav^  h()[)e  ?     From  a  father's  lips  did  there  fall  such  a  treason  ? 
If  from  so  mighty  a  city  it  please  the  su}x;rnals  that  naught  l)c 
Left,  aiul  this  sets  in  thy  soul,  and  it  suit  thee  in  perishing  Troja  660 

Thee  and  thine  own  to  involve,  the  door  for  that  exit  is  open; 
Soon  will  be  here  from  the  copiois  blo<xl-shed  of  Priam,  the  Pyrrhus, 
Who  to  the  sire's  face  butchers  the  son,  and  the  sire  at  the  altars. 
Was  it,  dear  parent,  for  this  that  thou  dost  through  wcaptins  and  burnings 
Snatch  me,  to  see  in  the  midst  of  these  hallowed  recesses  the  focmen  ?  005 


38  THE    ^NEID. 


See  my  Ascanius  also,  and  father  and  near  him  Creiisa, 

Helplessly  each  in  the  blood  of  the  other  in  wantonness  slaughtered  ? 

Arm,  my  heroes,  to  arms!  for  the  last  light  summons  the  vanquished. 

Carry  me  back  to  the  Danaans ;  let  me  behold  the  reopened 

Battles  again:  we  shall  never  to-day  all  perish  revengeless!  "  670 

Hence  I  with  steel  am  begirded  again,  and  was  thrusting  my  left  hand, 

Fitting  it  close,  in  my  shield,  and  betaking  me  out  of  the  mansions: 

But  lo!    there  on  the  threshold,  clasping  my  feet  was  my  consort 

Clinging,  and  up  to  his  father  extending  the  little  lulus: 

"If  thou  departest  to  perish,  O  carry  us  with  thee  in  all  risks;  675 

But  if  thou  puttest  reliance  on  armor  assumed  as  an  expert. 

First,  O  protect  thy  home!     To  whom  is  the  little  liilus, 

Whom  is  thy  father,  and  I  once  titled  thy  consort  abandoned  ?  " 

Such  are  her  cries,  as  with  sobs  she  was  filling  the  whole  of  the  mansion; 
When  of  a  sudden  a  prodigy  rises — a  marvel  to  utter!  680 

For,  while  still  in  the  hands  and  caress  of  his  sorrowing  parents, 
Lo!  the  flaxen  tuft  on  the  crown  of  the  head  of  liilus 
Seemed  as  if  shedding  a  light,  and  the  flame,  in  its  delicate  contact. 
Harmlessly  licking  his  ringlets,  and  reveling  over  his  temples. 
We  in  alarm  are  tremblingly  bustling  and  brushing  the  blazing  685 

Tresses,  and  strive  to  extinguish  the  holy  fires  at  the  fountains. 
But,  all  elated,  my  father  Anchises  his  eyes  to  the  planets 
Lifted  devout,  and  his  palms  with  his  voice  toward  heaven  extended: 
*'  Jove,  the  omnipotent,  if  thou  art  swayed  by  any  entreaties. 
Look  on  us  this  much,  and  if  in  piety  we  are  deserving,  690 

Grant  us  at  last  thine  assistance,  O  father,  and  sanction  the  omens!  " 

Scarce  had  the  old  man  said  this,  when  all  of  a  sudden  with  crash  it 
Thundered  propitious,  and  gliding  from  heaven  adown  through  the  shadows, 
Darted  a  meteor,  trailing  with  plentiful  lustre  a  torch-light: 

Brightly  aloft  o'er  the  tops  of  the  roofs  of  our  dwelling  we  see  it  695 

Gliding  along,  till  it  buries  itself  in  the  forests  of  Ida, 
Signaling  to  us  our  journeys:  then  does  its  furrow  in  long-track 
Give  out  a  brilliance,  and  widely  the  spaces  are  smoking  with  sulphur. 
Here  of  a  truth  submissive,  my  father  himself  to  the  free  air 
I>ifts,  and  addresses  the  gods,  and  the  star  of  our  destiny  blesses  !  700 

"  Now  is  no  halting,  I  follow,  and  whither  thou  leadest,  there  am  I. 
Gods  of  my  fathers,  take  care  of  my  household,  take  care  of  my  grandson: 
Yours  is  the  augury;  Troja  is  under  your  guardian  regnance. 
Yield  I  undoubting,  my  son,  nor  refuse  I  to  go  thine  attendant." 

Thus  had  he  spoken,  and  clearer  anon  is  the  fire  through  the  ramparts       705 


BOOK    II.  39 

Heard,  ami  nearer  (he  conflaffrations  arc  rollinfj  their  cddict. 

*'  I'hcrcforc,  tlcar  father,  n«)W  come  and  asMirnc  on  our  neck  a  f^.sirion; 

I  on  my  shouKlcrs  will  l>car  thee,  nor  yet  shall  the  lalMjr  oppn 

IIapi)en  what  may  in  the  future,  there  one  and  a  common  exposure, 

One  salvation  ihall  l>e  to  us  both.      Let  the  little  lUlus  710 

He  my  attendant,  and,  wife,  at  a  distance  keep  watch  of  my  footstep». 

You,  ye  domestics,  now  jjivc  your  attention  to  what  I  shall  tell  you: 

As  you  emer^jc  from  the  city  a  mound,  and  a  primitive  temple 

Stanils  of  deserteil  Ceres,  and  ne;ir  it  a  veteran  cypres», 

Guariled  for  many  a  year  with  religjous  awe  by  the  fathers:  71; 

There  we,at  that  one  station,  will  gather  from  different  <juaner«i. 

Take  in  thy  hand,  my  father,  the  relics  and  national  home-sjods: 

It  were  for  me,  just  come  from  so  blootly  and  recent  a  carnage. 

Sacrilege  even  to  touch  them,  until  in  a  rivulet  living 

I  shall  have  bathed:"  jzo 

'I'hus  haviii)^  si>oken,  I  over  my  broad- sized  shoulders  and  tx:nded 
Neck  am  draped  with  a  robe,  and  the  skin  of  the  tawiuest  lion. 
Then  to  the  burden  I  stoop;  to  my  rij:jht  hand  little  lUlus 
Knitted  his  own,  and  follows  his  father  with  paces  unequal: 

After  me  straggles  my  wife.     We  are  on  through  the  gloomiest  passes  725 

Hurried,  and  me,  whom  late  were  no  weapons  projected  u[xm  me 
Moving,  nor  Grecians  amassed  in  a  charge  from  an  op|x>site  column, 
Now  each  rustle  of  air  is  affrighting,  each  sounil  is  e.xciting. 
Kept  in  suspense  and  fearing  alike  for  my  burden  and  comrade. 

I  was  already  approaching  the  gates,  and  methought  I  had  safely  730 

Traversed  the  journey,  when  suddenly,  thickly  the  [vittcr  of  footstef». 
Seemed  to  be  right  at  our  ears,  and  my  father,  ahead  through  the  shadows 
Peering,  exclaims,  "  My  son,  O  escape,  my  son,  they  are  on  us! 
I  can  discern  the  flash  of  their  shields  and  the  gleam  of  their  helmets." 

Here  some  malignant  divinity — which  one  I  know  not — l)ercft  me,  735 

Trembling  and  Wildered,  of  reason  ;   for  I,  in  my  running,  the  by-paths 
P'ollow,  and  wholly  avoid  the  familiar  region  of  highways. 
Ah  me!  my  consort  CreUsa,  or  caught  by  some  pitiful  mishaps 
Tarried  behind,  or  strayed  from  the  way,  or  sat  down  in  exhaustion. 
Still  is  uncertain;  thereafter  she  ne'er  was  restored  to  our  vision:  740 

I  did  not  notice  her  loss,  nor  recalled  I  my  soul  to  reflection. 
Till  we  arrived  at  the  mound  and  the  hallowed  retreat  of  the  ancient 
Ceres:  but  here,  when  they  all  were  collected  at  length  she  alone  was 
Missing,  and  baflled  the  search  of  companions  and  son  and  her  hustxind. 
Whom  did  I  not  all  frantic  accuse  both  of  men  and  immortals,  745 


40  THE    ^NEID. 

Or  what  crueler  lot  did  I  see  in  the  wreck  of  the  city  ? 

I  my  Ascanius,  father  Anchises  and  Teucran  Penates, 

Trust  to  my  comrades,  and  down  in  a  winding  valley  secrete  them; 

I  to  the  city  repair,  and  am  girt  with  my  glittering  armor. 

Set  is  my  mind  to  reopen  all  risks,  and  return  through  the  whole  of  750 

Troja,  and  once  more  boldly  expose  my  head  to  the  perils. 

First  I  repair  to  the  walls  and  the  thresholds  dim  of  the  gateway, 
Whence  I  had  lifted  my  steps  in  departure,  and  follow  my  footprints 
Back  as  observed  in  the  night,  and  trace  them  along  by  the  glimmer. 
Everywhere  horror,  while  even  the  silences  frighten  my  spirits.  755 

Back  thence  home,  perchance,  if  perchance,  she  there  wended  her  footsteps, 
Take  I  me.     In  have  the  Danaans  rushed,  and  were  holding  the  whole  house. 
Fierce  the  devouring  fire  by  the  wind  is  uprolled  to  the  topmost 
Battlements:  flames  are  above  them,  their  surge  to  the  welkin  is  rampant. 
On  I  proceed,  and  the  homestead  of  Priam  and  castle  revisit.  760 

Now  in  the  desolate  porticoes,  late  the  asylum  of  Juno, 
Phoenix  and  direful  Ulysses  as  sentinels  chosen  were  standing, 
Guarding  the  pillage.     From  all  sides  hither  the  treasures  of  Troja, 
Plundered  from  burning  holies  of  holies,  and  deities'  tables. 

Tankards  of  solid  gold,  and  the  tapestry  taken  as  booty,  765 

Piled  up  together:  boys  and  timorous  matrons  in  long  row 
Stand  there  round  it: — 

Nay,  but  I  even  ventured  to  fling  out  my  cries  through  the  darkness: 
Filled  I  with  clamor,  in  calling,  the  streets,  and  mournful  Creiisa — 
Vainly  repeating  it  over  and  over — Creiisa  I  shouted.  770 

While  I  was  searching  and  raving  unchecked  the  abodes  of  the  city, 
Cheerless  the  figure,  and  shadowy  spectre  itself  of  Creiisa 
Started  before  mine  eyes,  and  the  image  was  larger  than  common  : 
Stood  I  astounded,  my  hair  rose  and  choked  was  my  voice  in  expression. 
Then  thus  seemed  she  to  speak,  and  in  these  words  soothe  my  distresses  :        775 
"  How  does  it  aid  thee  so  much  to  indulge  in  delirious  sorrow, 

0  my  dear  husband  ?  without  the  behest  of  the  gods  these  allotments 
Come  not  ;  it  is  not  allowed  thee  to  take  as  attendant  Creiisa 
Hence,  nor  does  he,  the  ruler  of  upper  Olympus,  permit  it. 

Long  is  the  exile,  and  vast  is  the  ocean  expanse  to  be  traversed  :  780 

Thou  shalt  the  land  of  Hesperia  reach,  where  the  Lydian  Thybris 
Flows  in  its  slow  march  mid  the  luxuriant  fields  of  its  heroes. 
There  are  alloted  thee  joyous  events,  and  a  realm  and  a  royal 
Consort ;  O  chase  then  away  the  tears  for  thy  cherished  Creiisa  : 

1  on  the  Myrmidons',  or  the  Dolopians'  lordly  dominions  785 


BOOK    II.  41 

Never  shall  Raze,  nor  jjo  to  Ix;  slave  to  the  matron»  of  Oreci.i, 

Darilanus'  ilau>;htcr,  and  liaof^htcr-in-law  of  Venn»  thr  ■»  : 

But  in  these  nether  realms  (It)es  the  jj'xls'  Rrcat  mother  lictam  me. 

Now  farewell,  ami  retain  thy  love  for  our  mutual  off»prinj{." 

When  she  hail  s|X)ken  these  wortLs  she  deserted  me,  weeping  an<l  loncinir  -«>o 

Much  to  ))espcak  her,  and  liack  she  in  airy  vacuity  vanished. 

Thrice  I  attempted  my  arms  there  round  her  neck  to  encircle  ; 

Thrice  unavailingly  grasped  did  the  phantom  escape  from  my  clutches, 

Like  the  intangible  winds,  or  the  guise  of  a  fugitive  slumlnr 

Thus,  at  length  with  the  night  far  spent,  I  revisit  my  comrades  ;  795 

But  an  inordinate  number  of  newly  recruitetl  attendants 
Here  I  astonished  discover  have  joined  them,  lx)th  matrons  .md  h«T«»*«<, 
Young  men  Kinded  for  exile,  a  motley  and  pitiful  rablile. 
They  have  assembled  from  all  sides,  ready  with  souls  and  rest)urces. 
Bound  o'er  the  ocean  to  whatever  lands  I  may  choose  to  conduct  them.  800 

Now  on  the  heights  of  the  summit  of  Ida  was  brightly  the  day  star 
Rising  and  ushering  day,  and  l)locked,  were  the  Danaans  holding 
Oatewnys'  thresholds  ;  no  longer  was  hope  of  assistance  afforded  : 
Hence  I  submitted,  and  lifting  my  sire  I  repaired  to  the  mountain. 


BOOK  III. 


Still  at  the  Banquet,  5Ineas  narrates  his  adventurous  journeys, 
Roaming  from  country  to  country  till  driven  by  tempest  to  Carthage, 

After  it  suited  supernals  the  fortunes  of  Asia  and  Priam's 
Ruin-unmeriting  nation  to  wreck,  and  has  fallen  the  once  proud 
ilium,  and  low  on  the  ground  smokes  all  Neptunian  Troja, 
We  are,  by  deities'  auguries,  driven  to  seek  for  sequestered 

Places  of  exile,  and  desolate  lands  ;  and  we  build  us  a  squadron  n; 

Down  by  Antandros  itself,  by  the  mountains  of  Phrygian   Ida, 
Knowing  not  whither  the  fates  may  conduct  us,  or  where  they  will  let  us 
Settle,  and  muster  our  men.     But  scarce  had  the  earliest  summer 
Opened,  and  Father  Anchises  was  bidding  set  sail  on  the  venture  ; 
When  1  in  weeping  forever  the  shores  and  the  ports  of  my  country  lo 

Leave,  and  the  plains  where  Troja  was  :  I  am  launched  as  an  exile 
Out  on  the  deep  with  my  comrades, and  son,and  home-gods,  and  great  gods. 

Far  in  its  limitless  plains,  there  is  peopled  a  province  of  Mavors, 
Thracians  now  till  it,  though  formerly  ruled  by  the  daring  Lycurgus, 
Guest-land  ancient  of  Troja,  and  having  reciprocal  home-gods  15 

While  there  was  fortune.     I  thither  am  wafted,  and  there,  on  a  winding 
Shore,  I  my  earliest  ramparts  place,  though  intruding  with  adverse 
Fates,  and  assume  from  my  own  name  fgr  us  the  name  of  ^neans. 

I  was  solemnities  rendering  to  my  Dionean  mother, 
And  to  the  patronal  gods  of  our  inchoate  schemes,  and  a  sleek  bull  20 

Slaughtering  out  on  the  beach  to  the  sovereign  supreme  of  celestials. 
Close  by  the  spot,  as  it  chanced,  was  a  mound,  on  whose  summit  were  cornel 
Sprouts,  and  a  myrtle  bristhng  with  clusters  of  tapering  spear-shafts  ; 
This  I  approached,  and  essayed  from  the  ground  to  pull  up  the  verdant 
Thicket,  in  order  with  foliaged  branches  to  shelter  the  altars,  ^5 

42 


nooK  It  I. 

WluTi  I  InrhcUl  an  anomaly  horrid  and  wondrous  lo  utter : 
Kor  from  the  tree  which  is  first  from  the  soil,  with  its  rootlets  dis.scvcrcd. 
Plucked,  lo  !  streaming  out  «)ozingly  livid  and  ebony  blood-dro|M 
Trickle,  and  siMttcr  the  earth  with  the  jj^rc-     -'^  shiverinjj  horror 
Thrills  thrdiij^h  luy  <itiiverinjj  limbs,  and  mychilletl  blood  curdles  with  ♦■■'-'■"r  '    ^o 
Once  anil  aj^ain  I  proceed  lo  pull  up  a  pliable  offshoot 
Still  of  another,  and  search  to  the  core  the  mysterious  causes  : 
black  in  the  same  style  drips  from  the  bark  of  that  other  the  blood-clots  I 
I'onderinjj  much  in  my  mind,  I  implore  of  the  nymphs  of  the  wildwoods, 
Vea,  and  of  father  (iradivus,  who  [xiirons  the  (ietian  moorlands,  35 

Duly  to  second  the  vision  and  lij^hten  the  marvelous  omen, 
but,  when  at  length  I  with  still  more  desperate  effort,  the  third  stock 
lirapple,  and  struggle  amain,  with  my  knees  on  the  opptjsite  sanil-bank — 
Shall  I  s|)eak  out,  or  be  silent? — a  piteous  moan  from  the  deep  mound 
Issues,  and  back  to  my  ears  is  the  answering  utterance  rendered  :  40 

*•  Why  thus  torture  a  wretch,  O  yKneas  ?     O  spare  now  the  buried  ; 
Spare,  too,  thy  pious  hands  the  incurmenl  !     No  stranger  hath  Troja 
Borne  me  to  thee,  nor  yet  does  this  gore-clot  ooze  from  a  dead  trunk  : 
Ah  I  escape  from  these  murderous  lands,  escape  from  this  covetous  seacoast. 
Tin  Tolyilorus  !  hereon  hath  an  iron  harvest  of  wea|»ns  45 

Covereil  me  up  transfixed,  and  hath  grown  to  accuminate  javelins." 

Verily  then  I,  oppressed  in  my  mind  with  bewildering  terror, 
St(M)d  aghast,  and  my  hair  rose,  and  choked  was  my  voice  in  expression. 
This  Folydorus,  with  marvelous  weight  of  gold,  had  aforetime 
Luckless  Priam  entrusted  a-sly  for  tuitional  nurture  50 

Unto  the  Thracian  king,  while  as  yet  he  Dardania's  armor 
Doubted,  anil  saw  the  city  beleaguered  with  martial  investment. 
Soon  as  theTeucran  forces  were  shattered,  and  fortune  forsook  them. 
He  Agamemnon's  cause  and  his  conquering  armor  espousing, 
Tramples  on  every  right,  and  slays  Polydorus,  and  basely  55 

Seizes  his  gold.      To  what  dost  thou  not  goad  Ixjsoms  of  mortals, 
Cursable  thirst  for  gold  !     When  the  shudder  my  Iwnes  has  forsaken, 
I  to  the  chosen  chiefs  of  the  [K'ople,  and  first  to  my  jvircnt. 
Bring  the  rejx)rt  of  the  deities'  wonders,  and  ask  their  («pinion  ; 
All  are  of  similar  mind,  to  deixirt  from  the  criminal  province,  60 

Quit  the  perfidious  guest-land,  and  give  to  our  vessels  the  south-winds. 
Hence  we  award   Polydorus  sepulture,  and  soon  an  enormous 
Mound  of  earth  is  upheaped,  and  altars  are  rearetl  to  his  spirit. 
Mournfully  draped  with  cerulean  wreaths  and  funereal  cypress  ; 
Round  them  are  Iliau  matrons,  with  tresses  as  wonted  disheveled  ;  65 


44  THE    JENEID. 

Bring  we,  and  empty  libatively    chalices  frothing  with  new  milk, 
Platters  of  sanctified  blood,  and  his  soul  in  a  sepulchre  worthy 
Lay  we  to  rest,  and  with  loud  voice,  utter  our  ultimate  farewells. 

Then,  when  the  main  first  warrants,  and  the  breezes  afford  us  unruffled 
Seas,  and  a  south- wind  gently  rustling  invites  to  the  broad  deep,  70 

Launch  my  companions  the  ships,  and  together  are  crowding  the  sea-beach. 
Forth  from  the  port  we  are  wafted,  and  vanish  the  cities  and  headlands. 
Out  in  the  midst  of  the  sea  there  is  tilled  a  delectable  island. 
Sacred  to  Doris  the  nerei'ds'  mother,  and  Neptune  JEgszan, 

Which,  as  it  wandered  adrift  around  by  the  coasts  and  the  sea-shores,  75 

Pious  Bow-bearer  to  lofty  Mycone,  and  Gyaros  bound  it 
Fast,  and  immovably  gave  it  for  culture,  and  scorn  of  the  tempests  : 
Here  T  am  wafted,  this  quiet  retreat  to  its  sheltering  harbor 
Welcomes  us  weary;    on  landing  revere  we  the  town  of  Apollo. 
Sovereign  Anius — sovereign  of  men  and  the  pontiff  of  Phoebus —  80 

Wreathing  his  temples  anew  with  the  fillets  and  sanctified  laurel. 
Meets  us,  and  brings  to  remembrance  his  former  acquaintance,  Anchises. 
Join  we  our  hands  in  reciprocal  friendship,  and  enter  his  mansions. 

I,  at  the  deity's  temples,  constructed  of  primitive  granite,  [grant       85 

Worshipped  :    "  O   grant    us,    Thymbrsean,    a  home   of   our   own,   to  the  worn 
Ramparts,  a  race,  and  a  permanent  city  ;  to  Troja  another 
Pergamus  save,  and  the  waifs  of  the  Danai  and  ruthless  Achilles. 
Who  shall  we  follow  ?     Where  biddest  us  go  ?     Where  establish  a  homestead  ? 
Grant  us,  O  father,  an  omen,  and  glide  thou  into  our  spirits." 

Scarce  had  I  spoken,  when  all  things  seemed  of  a  sudden  to  tremble,  90 

Even  the  thresholds,  the  deity's  laurel,  and  round  us  the  whole  mount 
■Quaking,  and  deep  from  the  opened  recesses  to  rum.ble  the  tripod  ! 
Bowing,  we  fall  to  the  ground,  and  a  voice  is  conveyed  to  our  hearing  : 
"  Dardanus'  hardy  descendants,  the  land  which  first  from  your  parents' 
Stock  hath  produced  you,  the  same  shall  at  length  to  her  bountiful  bosom  95 

Greet  you  returning  :  then  carefully  search  for  your  primitive  mother. 
Here  shall  the  house  of  ^neas  be  master  of  every  seaboard, 
Yea,  and  his  children's  children,  and  those  to  be  born  of  their  issue." 
Such  words  Phoebus  ;  and  great  was  the  gladness  commingled  with  tumult 
Wakened,  and  eagerly  all  ask  which  are  the  designate  ramparts  :  100 

Whither  does  Phoebus  the  wanderers  beckon,  and  bid  them  return  to  ? 
Then  does  my  father,  unrolling  the  records  of  veteran  heroes  : 
"Listen,  O  chieftains,"  he  says,  "  and  learn  now  the  hopes  that  await  you  : 
Out  in  the  midst  of  the  deep  lies  Crete,  the  island  of  mighty 
Jove,  where  is  Ida's  mount,  and  our  nation's  nursery-cradle.  105 


They  in  a  hundred  mnsrnificcnt  cities,  and  richest  of  kinjfdom». 
Dwell  ;  whence  our  patriarch  sire — if  I  rightly  rememl>cr  the  story — 
Teucer  was  wafted  at  first  to  the  Rhoctean  Ixirders,  and  landing 
Chose  him  a  site  for  his  kingdom:  not  yet  had  been  buildcd 

Ilium  and  Tergamus'  castles;  they  dwelt  in  the  lowermost  valley».  no 

Hence  dame-wanlen  of  Cybcle;  hence  Corybantian  cymbals  ; 
Hence,  too,  the  grove  of  Ida,  and  secrecy  true  of  its  orgies; 
Hence  wore  the  lions  that,  harnessed,  the  chariot  drew  of  their  mistress. 
Come,  then,  and  let  us  pursue  where  the  deity's  orderings  lead  us; 
Let  us  ap[>easc  the  winds,  and  embark  for  the  Gnosian  kingdoms.  1 15 

They  are  not  distant  a  long  voyage;  only  be  Jupiter  present. 
Then  will  the  third  dawn  land  our  tlect  in  the  Cretan  dominions." 
Thus  having  s|X)ken  he  slew,  at  the  altars,  befitting  oblations, 
Neptune  a  bullock,  a  bullock  to  thee,  O  comely  Apollo, 
Black-fleeced  sheep  to  the  tempest,  a  white  to  the  favoring  zephyrs.  120 

Rumor  is  flitting  that  chieftain  Idomeneus  banishetl  has  lately 
Quitted  the  realms  of  his  sire,  and  the  coasts  of  Crete  are  deserted; 
Homes  arc  by  foemen  vac.ited,  and  homesteads  abandoned  await  us. 
Leave  we  Ortygia's  port,  and  away  we  fly  o'er  the  ocean; 

Skirt  we  along  by  Xa.xos,  where  bacchanals  spon  on  the  hillsides,  1.:$ 

Verdant  Donysa,  Olearos,  snow-capped  Paros  and  Cyclads, 
Sown  o'er  the  main,  and  the  straits  bestudded  with  clusters  of  islands. 
Rises  the  mariners'  shout,  in  an  emulous  rivalry  varied; 
Comrades  each  other  e.xhort:  "  We  are  steering  for  Crete  and  our  grandsire?." 
Freshening  breezes  astern  are  pursuing  us  on  as  we  journey;  130 

Onward  at  length  do  we  glide  to  the  primitive  shores  of  Curetes. 
Therefore  I  eagerly  plot  out  the  walls  of  the  coveted  city, 
Call  it  the  Pcrgaman  city,  and  pleased  with  the  title  the  nation 
Counsel  to  cherish  their  firesides,  and  rear  for  their  dwellings  a  castle: 
Yea,  and  already  the  ship's  sterns  most  were  uphauled  on  the  dr>*  beach  135 

Stalwarts  were  busy  in  marriage  and  tilling  their  newly  acquired  fields; 
I  was  assigning  them  statutes  and  homes,  when  suddenly  blighting. 
Pitiless  pestilertce,  came  from  the  tainted  expanse  of  the  heavens. 
Wasting  our  limbs  and  vineyards  and  crops,  and  the  season  was  deadly. 
They  were  forsaking  their  precious  lives,  or  were  dragging  their  sickly  140 

Hodies  about:  then  Sirius  scorched  the  infructuous  grain  fields; 
Herbage  was  parching, and  sickly  the  harvest  refusing  subsistence. 
Back  to  Ortygia's  oracle  now,  and  to  Phoebus  my  father 
Counsels,  recrossing  the  sea,  that  we  go  and  petition  indulgence. 
Asking  what  end  he  will  bring  to  uur  weary  affairs,  and  whence  bid  us  145 


46  THE    ^NEID. 

Try  fot  relief  of  our  tnais,  and  whither  to  vary  our  voyage. 

Night  was  abroad,  and  on  lands  was  slumber  the  animals  holding: 
When  the  deities'  sacred  busts,  and  the  Phrygian  home-gods. 
Which  I  had  out  of  the  midst  of  the  fires  of  the  city  from  Troja 
Brought  with  me,  seemed  to  be  standing  before  mine  eyes,  as  in  slumbers       150 
Lying,  revealed  to  my  view  by  a  plentiful  glare,  where  the  full  moon 
Brightly  was  pouring  upon  them  its  beams  through  the  wainscoted  windows. 
Then  thus  they  seemed  to  address  me  and  soothe  my  distresses  in  these  words: 
"  All  that  Apollo  would  tell  thee,  if  now  to  Ortygia  wafted, 

Here  he  descants,  and  behold  he  remits  it  unasked  to  thy  threshold.  155 

We,  since  Dardania's  burning,  have  thee  and  thine  armor  attended; 
Under  thy  lead  in  thy  fleet  we  have  measured  the  turbulent  waters, 
Yea,  and  the  same  will  thy  future  descendants  exalt  to  the  planets, 
And  will  confer  on  thy  city  an  empire  !     For  the  mighty  the  ramparts 
Mighty  prepare,  nor  relinquish  the  long  hard  toil  of  thy  journey.  160 

Sites  must  be  changed:  these  shores  are  not  those  which  the  Delian  pledges, 
Nor  did  Apollo  enjoin  thee  to  settle  in  Crete  as  a  home-stead. 
There  is  a  spot — Hesperia  Grecians  distinctively  term  it, 
Ancient  the  land,  and  potential  in  arms  and  in  richness  of  tillage; 
Men  of  CEnotria  settled  it,  now  by  report  have  their  offspring  165 

Titled  the  nation  Italia,  so  named  from  the  name  of  their  leader; 
There  are  our  indefeasable  seats:  hence  Dardanus  issued; 
Father  lasius  also,  from  whom  was  our  race  at  its  outset. 
Come  now,  arise,  and  with  joy  to  thy  long-lived  father  these  tidings, 
Not  to  be  doubted,  report,  and  for  Corythus  let  him  inquire  and  170 

Lands  of  Ausonia,  Jupiter  Dictean  meadows  denies  thee." 

Stunned  by  such  singular  sights  and  the  voice  by  the  deities  uttered — 
That  was  not  sleep,  but  methought  that  I  recognized  clearly  before  me 
Even  their  features  and  filleted  tresses  and  actual  faces; 

Then  there  was  trickling  a  clammy  sweat  o'er  the  whole  of  my  body —  175 

Fling  I  my  body  in  haste  from  bed,  and  extending  my  outspread 
Hands  with  my  voice  toward  heaven,  I  pour  an  unmingled  libation 
Out  on  the  hearths.     This  service  accomplished,  I  make  with  rejoicing 
Known  to  Anchises  the  fact,  and  unfold  the  occurrence  in  order. 
He  the  ambiguous  issue  and  twain-traced  parents  acknowledged,  180 

And  so  deceived  in  his  recent  mistake  of  the  primitive  places. 
Then  he  rehearses:  "  My  son, still  harassed  by  Ilian  fortunes, 
Only  Cassandra  was  wont  to  descant  such  calamities  to  us: 
Now  I  remember  she  did  portend  for  our  race  these  allotments 
Often  Hesperia,  often  Italian  kingdoms  she  mentioned.  185 


BOOK    III.  4- 

But  that  the  Tcucrans  were  destined  to  come  to  Heipcria's  scacoastn. 

Who  could  believe  ?     Or  whom  then  could  ''  Ira  the  pr<'  ftartic  f 

Let  us  to  I'hixbus  submit  as  admonished,  aini  i-iw.iw  his  counicix 

So  does  he  say,  and  we  jubilant  all  comply  with  hi»  mandate. 

Quit  we  this  settlement  also,  and  leaving  a  |xirty  l>chind  set  190 

Sail,  and  away  o'er  the  vast  mam  bound  in  our  cavernous  timt)cr. 

After  our  vessels  have  holden  the  deep,  and  no  longer  arc  any 
Headlands  in  sight;  but  everywhere  heaven  and  everywhere  ocean. 
Then  there  imi)eiuled  al)ove  my  head  a  cerulean  rain-cloud, 

H.inging  down  night  ar.d  a  storm,  and  the  wave  grew  rough  in  the  darkness     195 
Forthwith  the  winils  are  uprollmg  the  sea,  and  the  |)ondcrous  billows 
Rise,  and,  dispersed,  we  are  tossed  on  the  fathcjmiess  whirlpool. 
Mists  have  enshrouded  the  day,  and  the  humid  night  has  the  heaven 
Wrapt;  from  the  rifted  clouds  redouble  the  flashes  of  lightning. 
Out  of  our  course  we  are  driven,  and  wander  on  wildering  billows:  ioo 

E'en  Palinurus  confesses  he  cannot  distinguish  the  daylight 
Now  from  the  night  by  the  sky;    nor  remembered  his  way  on  the  mid-wave; 
So  that  for  three  indeterminate  suns  we  in  wildering  darkness 
Roam  on  the  deep,  and  as  many  a  night  are  we  reft  of  the  star-light. 
Land  on  the  fourth  day  seemed  for  the  first  at  length  in  the  distance  ^05 

Looming,  and  mountains  apjXiar  from  afar  and  uprolling  a  smoke-cloud. 

Tumble  the  sails;  to  the  oars  we  spring,  and  unhalling  the  sailors 

Tuggingly  spurt  up  the  spray,  and  we  sweep  the  cerulean  waters. 

First,  when  escaped  from  the  billows,  the  shores  of  the  Strophades  bid  me 

Welcome;  the  Strophades,  albeit  islands  yclept  by  a  Cireek  name,  aio 

Stand  in  the  mighty  Ionian  Sea,  where  the  direful  CeLxno 

Dwells  with  the  other  harpies,  after  that  Phineiis"  mansion 

On  them  was  closed,  and  in  fear  they  abandoned  their  previous  tables^ 

No  more  hideous  monster  than  they,  nor  merciless  god-sent 

Pest,  and  deities'  wrath  hath  emerged  from  the  Stygian  surges:  215 

^L^ldenly  features  of  fowls  are  theirs,  and  e.vceedingly  loathsome 

Flux  of  the  bowels,  and  talony  clutches,  and  faces  forever 

Haggard  wiiK  hunger: — 

Lo  I  when  hither  inwafted,  as  soon  as  we  entered  the  harl)or, 

Noticed  we  herds  of  cattle  frisking  at  large  on  the  ofx.n  aao 

Plains,  and  a  flock  of  goats  at  |xxsture  without  a  protector: 

On  them  with  sabre  we  rush,  and  the  gods,  and  Jupiter  even, 

Summon  to  share  in  the  plunder;   we  then  on  a  circular  sea-l)each 

Huild  us  e.\tem|X)rized  couches,  and  feast  on  the  sumptuous  viands. 

But  of  a  sudden,  adown  with  a  horrible  swixjp  from  the  mountains,  .., 


THE    .^NEID.  .__ 

Harpies  are  on  us,  and,  flapping  their  wings  with  inordinate  clangors, 

Pilfer  the  viands,  and  everything  taint  with  their  feculent  contact: 

Then  their  detestable  screech  in  the  midst  of  the  sickening  odor. 

Once  more  under  a  cavernous  cliff,  and  away  in  seclusion. 

Closed  in  around  by  the  trees,  and  the  screen  of  their  horrible  shadows,  230 

Spread  we  our  tables  anew,  and  rekindle  the  fires  on  the  altars. 

Once  more  out  of  their  hidden  retreats,  from  a  different  quarter, 

Pounce  the  uproarious  horde  with  their  talony  feet  on  the  plunder, 

Soiling  the  food  with  their  mouth.     I  then  issue  the  order  that  comrades 

Take  to  their  arms,  and  that  war  be  waged  on  the  villanous  nation.  235 

They  not  less  than  as  bidden  do,  and,  secure  in  the  herbage 

Deftly  dispose  of  their  swords,  and  conceal  their  bucklers  in  ambush. 

Therefore,  when  swooping  adown,  they  have  uttered  a  shriek  through  the  winding 

Shores,  Misenus  a  signal  blast  from  his  elevate  look-out 

Gives  on  his  trumpet  of  brass.     My  associates  charge, and  the  strange  fight     240 

Hazard  with  steel  to  disfigure  the  obscene  fowls  of  the  ocean. 

But  not  a  stroke  on  their  feathers,  nor  ever  a  wound  on  their  bodies 

Do  they  receive;  and  they  soaring,  in  rapidest  flight  to  the  planets. 

Leave  half-eaten  their  plunder  and  loathsomely  feculent  footprints. 

Only  Celaeno  perches  aloft  on  a  pendulous  rock-crag,  245 

Ill-omened  seeress,  and  rips  this  utterance  out  of  her  bosom: 

*'  War  ye  moreover,  for  slaughter  of  oxen  and  slaying  of  bullocks. 

Imps  of  Laomedon,  war  ye  are  on  us  preparing  to  wager, 

And  to  expel  from  their  father's  dominions  the  innocent  harpies: 

Take  then  into  your  souls,  and  fix  these  averments  within  them.  250 

What  the  omnipotent  father  to  Phoebus,  and  Phoebus  Apollo 

Erst  hath  predicted  to  me,  will  I,  the  eldest  of  furies,  unfold  you. 

Ye  on  your  voyage  Italia  seek,  and,  the  breezes  invoked,  ye 

Shall  to  Italia  go,  and  be  suffered  to  enter  its  harbors; 

But  ye  shall  never  have  compassed  your  destined  city  with  ramparts,  255 

Ere  that  a  direful  hunger,  the  visited  wrong  of  our  plotted 

Slaughter,  shall  force  you  your  half-gnawed  tables  to  craunch  with  your  molars  !" 

Spake  she,  and  soaring  she  fled  on  her  pinions  away  to  the  forest. 

But  by  the  sudden  o'erpowering  fright  my  associates'  chilled  blood 

Curdled;  their  spirits  have  fallen,  and  now  no  longer  by  armor,  260 

But  by  vows  and  entreaties,  they  bid  me  solicit  a  respite. 

Whether  they  goddesses  be,  or  ill-omened,  detestable  vultures; 

Yea,  and,  my  father  Anchises,  with  outstretched  palms,  on  the  seashore 

Calls  on  divinities  mighty,  and  orders  befitting  oblations: 

"  Gods,  O  prohibit  these  threats,  O  ye  gods  avert  such  disaster  265 


BOOK  in.  4^ 

From  us,  and  rescue  Inrnijjnly  the  piuiis  I"     He  then  ii'>in  hr-  icabcath 
Hills  ihcm  heave  otf  the  hawser,  and  shake  out  t*"-  '•  •i\  >><  'he  maiiisoits. 
South-winds  belly  the  s.kils,  and  we  tlec  o'er  the  :  ;  "*'* 

Onward,  wherever  the  wind  and  the  pilot  our  course  were  inviting. 

Now  in  the  midst  of  the  wave  is  ap)KMrin^  the  wooded  Zacyniho»,  270 

There,  too,  Dulichium,  Sam^,  and  Ncrritos  beetling  with  ledj^cs. 
Shun  we  the  Ithacan  cliffs,  and  the  hostile  Lacrtian  kingdoms: 
Curse  we  in  passing  the  nursery-land  of  the  ruthless  Ulysses. 
Presently  also  the  cloud-cap(K'd  {K-aks  of  the  mountain  Ixrucat^ 
Loom  into  sight,  and.  by  mariners  dreaded,  the  fane  of  A|x>llo:  275 

Wearied  for  this  do  we  steer,  and  approach  its  diminutive  city; 
Cast  from  the  prow  is  the  anchor,  the  sterns  stand  moored  to  the  scal)each. 

Therefore  at  length  we,  jx»ssessing  a  land  we  had  never  cx{x.*cted. 
Offer  lustrations  to  Jove,  and  with  votives  we  kindle  the  altars. 
Yea,  and  we  celebrate  Ilian  games  on  the  Actian  seashores;  260 

Naked,  with  lubricant  oil,  my  associates  practice  the  wrestling 
Sports  of  their  country;  we  joy  to  have  passed  so  many  Argolic 
Cities,  and  held  on  our  flight  unobser\'ed  through  the  midst  of  the  focmen. 

Meanwhile  the  sun  is  around  in  its  annual  cycle  a  great  year 
Rolled,  and  the  glacial  winter  roughens  the  billows  with  north-winds:  285 

So  I  a  round  brass  shield,  the  equipment  of  Abas  the  mighty. 
Fix  to  the  opjxjsite  door-posts,  and  note  the  event  by  a  stanza: 
These  are  the  trophies  /Kneas  hath  won  from  the  Danaan  victors  ! 
Then  I  bid  them  abandon  the  harlxjr  and  sit  on  the  thwart-seats. 
Comrades  in  rivalry  lash  up  the  sea,  and  they  sweep  o'er  the  waters.  290 

Straightway  we  bury  Pha;acia's  airy  castles,  and  onward 
Coast  by  the  shores  of  Epirus,  and  soon  the  Chaonian  harbor 
Enter,and  straight  draw  nigh  to  the  lofty  city  Buthrotum. 

Here  an  incredible  rumor  of  issues  absorbs  our  attention: 
Helenus,  Priam's  descendant,  is  reigning  o'er  Grecian  cities,  295 

Owning  the  spouse  and  the  sceptre  of  Pyrrhus,  the  son  of  yKacus  ! 
Thus  to  a  lord  of  her  country  again  has  .Anilromache  fallen  I 
I  was  astound^^d,  and  kindled  my  Ixjsom  with  wonderful  longing 
Now  to  converse  with  the  hero,  and  know  of  his  marvelous  fortunes. 
Forth  from  the  harl)or  I  stride,  forsaking  the  fleets  and  the  seasides;  300 

When,  as  it  happened,  her  annual  feasts  and  funereal  presents. 
Out  in  a  grove  in  front  of  the  town,  was  Andromache  making, 
Hard  by  a  typical  Samois"  wave,  and  invoking  her  Hector's 
Ghost  at  a  green-turfed  mound,  which  she  had  as  a  cenotaph  hallowed 
There  to  his  dust,  aud  for  purpose  of  weeping  a  couple  of  altars,  J05 


so 


THE    ^NEID. 


As  she  beheld  me  approaching,  and  noticed  around  me  the  Trojan 

Armor,  bewildered  and  shocked  by  the  grand  apparition  she  stood  stark 

Stiff  in  the  midst  of  her  gaze,  and  the  warmth  her  bones  has  abandoned; 

Swoons  she,  and  after  a  long  time  barely  at  length  she  bespeaks  me : 

"  Dost  thou  an  actual  person,  an  actual  messenger  greet  me,  310 

Goddess-born  ?  and  alive  ?  or,  if  fostering  light  hath  departed — 

Where  is  my  Hector  ?"    she  said,  and  she  poured  forth  tears  and  the  whole  place 

Filled  with  her  crying.     I  barely  in  brief  the  delirious  weeper 

Answer,  and  bashed,  and  embarrassed,  in  faltering  utterance  stammer: 

"Yes,  I'm  alive,  and  am  life  through  every  extremity  leading;  315 

Doubt  not,  for  what  thou  beholdest  is  real: — 

Ah  !  what  disaster  anon,  cast  down  from  so  noble  a  husband, 

Singles  thee  out,  or  what  fortune  sufficiently  worthy  revisits 

Hector's  Andromache?     Art  thou  the  marriage  of  Pyrrhus  preserving  ?" 

Down  she  her  countenance  cast,  and  in  humbled  expression  responded:  320 

"  Blest  thou  alone  above  others,  O  virgin  daughter  of  Priam, 

Who  at  the  tomb  of  a  foeman,  'neath  Troja's  imperial  ramparts 

Summoned  to  die,  didst  never  endure  the  allotting  of  choices; 

No,  nor  hast  touched  as  a  captive  the  couch  of  a  conquering  master  ! 

After  our  country  was  burned,  we,  wafted  o'er  various  waters,  325 

Bore  the  disdain  of  the  stock  of  Achilles,  the  insolent  stripling. 

Childbirth  in  thraldom  enduring  of  him,  who  afterwards  princess 

Leda's  Hermione  courting,  and  Lacedaemonian  nuptials. 

Handed  me  over  to  Helenus,  slave  by  a  slave  to  be  holden; 

Yet  him  Orestes,  inflamed  with  a  passionate  love  for  his  stolen  330 

Spouse,  and  goaded  by  furies,  of  crimes  the  vindictive  avengers. 

Takes  unawares  and  assassinates  right  at  the  national  altars. 

So,  at  the  death  of  Neoptolemus,  part  of  the  realm  fell 

Duly  to  Helenus,  who  by  the  name  of  Chaonian  moorlands 

Called  it,  the  whole  Chaonia  titled  from  Chaon  the  Trojan:  335 

Pergamus  added  he,  and  on  the  hills  yon  Ilian  castle. 

But  what  breezes,  I  pray,  and  what  fortunes  have  rendered  thy  voyage 

Safe,  or  what  god  hath  impelled  thee  unwittingly  on  to  our  confines  ? 

What  of  the  boy  Ascanius  ?     Does  he  survive,  and  the  free  air 

Breathe, whom  to  thee  while  as  yet  at  Troja: —  340 

O  has  the  boy,  though,  any  regret  for  the  loss  of  his  parent  ? 
Tell  me  to  aught  of  their  pristine  valor  and  vigor  of  manhood 
Do  such  a  sire  as  yEneas  and  uncle  as  Hector  incite  him  ?  " 
Such  were  the  strains  she  was  weepingly  pouring,and  wakening  long  sobs 
Vainly,  when  lo  !  there  emerges  the  hero  himself  from  the  ramparts,  345 


BOOK    III.  CI 

Priam's  son  Hclcniis,  and,  wiih  many  cM-ort: 

Welcomes  his  lovvnsincn  ami  leads  them  rejoi.   w^.^  m»  t»  n!>  uii» mi'mJ», 

Many  a  tear-drop  shedding  with  every  word  that  he  utter». 

Onward  I  wend,  and  diminutive  Troja  and,  ty|K:  ol  the  mi];hty, 

Hergamus,  yea  and  a  drietl-up  stream  by  the  name  of  the  Xantbus  350 

Own,  and  a  Sca:an  gateways  thresholds  greet  with  embrace*. 

'I'eucrans  enjoy  at  the  same  lime,  loo,  their  associates'  city. 

Them  was  the  King  in  his  ample  [xjrticoes  welcoming  freely  ; 

There  in  the  midst  of  the  court  they  were  quafit'ing  their  l)eakcrs  to  Ha<  <  hiis 

Viands  were  serNed  them  in  gold,  and  they  even  were  holding  the  gobict. 

Now  has  a  day  and  another  day  glided  away,  and  the  breezes 
Beckon  the  sails,  and  the  canvas  is  fanned  by  the  freshening  soulh-w^ind  : 
In  these  terms  I  ap|)eal  to  the  prophet,  and  thus  I  entreat  him  : 
♦•  Native  of  Troja,  a  seer  of  the  gods,  who  the  pleasure  of  I'habus 
Knowest,  who  trijxjds,  the  Clarian's  laurels,  who  stars,  and  the  varied  360 

language  of  birds,  and  the  signs  of  the  fluttering  feather  divinest, 
Say  now,  for  thus  far  to  me  all  of  my  course  has  auspicious 
Augury  sjxjken,  and  all  of  the  gods  have  [Persuaded  me  on  to 
Seek  for  Italia,  and  search  for  the  regions  that  lie  in  the  distance  : 
Only  the  harpy  Celxno,  a  strange  and  unfit  to  be  uttered  365 

Prodigy  chants,  and  denounces  u[X)n  us  deplorable  vengeance  : 
Namely  a  loathsome  hunger.     What  |K*rils  must  I  at  the  outset 
Shun,  or  pursuing  what  course  can  I  brave  such  onerous  hardships  .*" 
Hereupon  Helenus,  first  having  sacrificed  duly   the  bullocks, 
Prays  of  the  deities  jxace,  and  unloosing  the  fillets  from  off  his  370 

Sanctified  head,  he  himself,  O  Phcebus,  on  up  to  thy  thresholds 
Leads  me  by  hand,  as  I  shrank  overawed  liy  thy  manifold  presence 
Then  from  his  mouth  divine  thus  discants  the  oracular  pontiff  : 
*'  Goddess-born — for  that  thou  o'er  the  deep  under  auspices  grander 
Goest,  assurance  is  clear,  so  the  sovereign  of  gods  is  allotting  375 

Fates,  and  unrolling  their  issues,  and  this  is  the  order  assigned  them — 
Few  of  the  many  behests,  as  to  how  thoti  maycst  more  safely 
Traverse  the  alien  waters,  and  land  in  .-Vusonia's  haven, 
I  will  disclose  ;  for  the  destinies  interdict  Helenus  knowing 

More  that  ensues,  and  Saturnian  Juno  forbids  him  to  tell  it.  380 

First  from  Italia  which  thou  regardest  now  nigh  and  the  harlwrs 
Which,  as  in  vicinage,  thou  art  unwittingly  ready  to  enter. 
Know  that  by  long  lands  distant  a  long  drear  journey  divides  thee. 
Then,  too,  thine  oar  must  needs  be  yet  on   Trinacria's  billow 
Bent,  and  the  main  of  .Vnsonia's  brine  by  thy  vessels  l)e  traversed  ;  S^S 


5-' 


THE    .ENEID. 


Aye,  and  the  lakes  infernal,  and  island  of  Circe  /Esean, 

Ere  thou  canst  in  a  land  unmolested  establish  a  city. 

r  will  declare  thee  the  signs,  and  in  memory  hidden  retain  them: 

When  thou  solicitous  shalt  by  the  wave  or  a  mystical  river, 

Under  its  marginal  hollies,  discover  reposing  a  huge  sow,  390 

Having  but  recently  brought  forth  thirty  head  at  a  litter. 

While  on  the  ground  reclining,  and  round  her  udder  her  white  pigs, 

That  shall  the  site  of  thy  city  be,  that  the  sure  rest  of  thy  labors  ; 

Shudder  thou  not  in  alarm  at  the  future  gnawing  of  tables  ; 

Plates  will  devise  thee  a  way,  and  Apollo  invoked  will  befriend  thee.  395 

But  beware  of  those  lands,  and  those  coasts  of  Italia's  confines, 

Which,  in  its  ebbing  and  flowing,  is  washed  by  the  tide  of  our  vv-aters  : 

Shun  them  ;  their  towns  are  inhabited  all  by  the  villanous  Grecians. 

Here  have  Narycian  Loricans  planted  impregnable  ramparts  ; 

Here,  too,  the  Salentinian  plains  with  his  soldiers  beleaguers  400 

Lyctian  Idomeneus.     Here  that  little  Petelia,  buttressed 

By  Philoctete's  wall,  the  renowned  Meliboean  commander. 

But  when  over  the  once  crossed  main  thy  fleets  shall  have  safely 

Moored,  and  thou  now  pay  vows  at  the  altars  upbuilt  on  the  seabeach  ; 

Veiling  remember  to  muffle  thy  locks  with  a  mantle  of  purple,  405 

Lest,  in  the  midst  of  the  sanctified  fires  in  the  deities'  honor. 

Any  inimical  visage  obtrude,  and  unsettle  the  omens  : 

Let  thy  companions  this  custom  of  rites  keep,  keep  it  thyself,  too  ; 

Let  all  thy  guileless  descendants  adhere  to  this  solemn  observance. 

But,  when  departed,  the  wind  shall  have  nigh  to  Siculian  confines  410 

Borne  thee,  and  narrow  the  straits  of  Pelorus  shall  open  its  vistas. 

Then  let  the  land  on  the  left,  and  the  main  on  the  left  by  a  lengthy 

Circuit  be  sought:  on  the  right  beware  of  the  shore  and  the  breakers. 

Once  these  places,  convulsed  by  a  shock  and  a  mighty  upheaval — 

Such  are  the  changes  the  long  lapse  of  ages  avails  to  accomplish —  415 

Parted  asunder  they  tell  us,  when  both  had  throughout  but  a  single 

Mainland  been:  through  the  midst  came  the  sea,  and,  by  shock  of  its  surges, 

Split  the  Hesperian  side  from  Siculian,  and  parting,  by  shore-lined 

Meadows  and  cities,  it  flowed  in  a  compressed  channel  between  them. 

Guarding  the  right  side  Scylla,  the  left  the  remorseless  Charybdis  420 

Crouches,  and  thrice  in  a  day,  by  a  whirlpool  deep  of  the  chasm, 

Sucks  the  abrupt  waves  in,  and  back  she  again  to  the  free  air 

Flings  them  alternate,  and  lashes  the  stars  with  the  breakers. 

But  in  its  hidden  recesses  a  cavern  incarcerates  Scylla, 

Thrusting  her  jaws  out  through,  and  drawing  the  ships  on  the  ledges.  425 


BOOK    MI.  53 

Human  her  features  above,  anil  a  maultn  with  beautiful  twsom 

Down  to  the  waist,  ami  IhtIow  it  a  fish  with  a  hideous  '"-'v. 

Ilavinj^  the  tlipjKTs  of  dolphins  joined  to  a  lH.lly  vi  w.  .e». 

Better  to  compass  'Irinacria's  l)ounds  and  the  ca|K'  of  I'athynu», 

Thoujjh  it  delay  thee,  and  coast  on  a  long  and  tedious  voyage,  4jo 

Thm  to  have  once  the  anomalous  Scylla  beheld  in  her  di&mal 

Den,  and  the  rocks  that  resound  with  the  hideous  howl  of  her  green-dog». 

Further,  if  Helenus  any  discretion,  if  any  reliance 

Has  as  a  seer,  if  AjxjIIo  with  truth  is  inspiring  his  spirit, 

'I'his  one  thing,  O  goddess-lwrn,  this  one  above  all  things,  435 

I  will  foretell  thee,  and  over  and  over  repeating  it  warn  thee, 

First  by  prayer  great  Juno's  divinity  solemnly  worship; 

Cheerfully  chant  unto  Juno  thy  vows,  and  the  jxjwerful  mistress 

Conquer  by  suppliant  offerings  ;  so  shalt  thou  only  as  victor, 

Leaving  Trinacria,  finally  launch  for  Italia's  confines.  440 

Here,  when  wafted  away,  thou  approachest  the  city  of  Cuma;, 

Lakes,  too,  divme,  and  the  streams  of  Avenuis  that  roar  in  the  forests. 

Thou  shalt  behold  the  oracular  seercss,  who  under  the  high  rock 

Sings  of  the  fates,  and  commits  to  the  leaflets  her  notes  and  divinings: 

But  what  verses  soever  the  maiden  may  once  have  on  leaflets  445 

Written,  she  ranges  in  number,  and  leaves  them  enclosed  in  her  cavern: 

These,  when  un jostled,  remain  in  their  places,  nor  fall  out  of  ortler, 

Yet  on  the  turn  of  the  hinge,  when  a  light  wind  gently  hath  on  them 

Blown,  and  the  door  has  disturbed,  by  its  ojx.'ning,  the  delicate  leaflets. 

Never  thenceforth  is  she  careful  to  catch,  as  they  flit  through  the  caverncd      450 

Rock,  or  restore,  or  again  to  adjust  in  position  the  verses: 

Many  uncounselled  depart,  and  abhor  the  abode  of  the  Sibyl. 

Here  let  no  loss  by  delay  be  deemed  of  such  vital  importance. 

Though  thy  companions  upbraid,  and  thy  voyage  imjxrrious  seaward 

Beckon  thy  sails,  and  thou  mightest  fill  out  thy  pros{)crous  canvas,  455 

Still  to  the  seeress  repair,  and  with  prayers  her  oracle  l>eg  her 

Chant  thee  herself,  and  her  voice  and  her  lips  unseal  at  her  pleasure. 

She  will  disclose  thee  Italia's  trit>es,  and  the  wars  of  the  future. 

How  to  avoid,  and  how  to  endure  each  several  hardships 

Show  thee;  and,  kindly  entreated,  will  grant  thee  a  prosperous  journey  460 

Such  are  the  warnings  which  we  by  our  voice  are  allowed  to  imjxirt  thee: 

Go  now,  and  bear  to  the  firmament  Troja  the  great  by  achievements." 

So,  when  the  prophet  in  friendly  expression  has  uttered  these  charges. 
Then  does  he  ponderous  presents  of  gold,  and  of  ivory  sculptured. 
Order  conveyed  to  the  shipping,  and  stores  in  the  holds  of  the  ves.sels  465 


54  THE    ^NEID. 

Massive  service  of  silver,  and  brazen  Dodonian  caldrons; 

Also  a  corslet  of  ring-work,  netted  together  with  three-ply 

Gold,  and  the  cone,  and  the  horse-hair  plumes  of  an  elegant  helmet, 

Neoptolemus'  armor.     His  gifts  to  my  father  are  special; 

Horses  he  adds,  and  he  adds  conductors: —  470 

Oarage  supplies,  and  at  once  he  equips  my  companions  with  armor. 

Meanwhile  Anchises  was  bidding  refurnish  the  vessels  with  canvas, 
Lest  there  might  be  a  delay  to  the  carrying  wind  at  its  coming. 
Him  with  profusion  of  honor  the  prophet  of  Phoebus  addresses: 
"  Noble  Anchises,  deemed  worthy  of  Venus'  distinguishing  wedlock,  475 

Charge  of  the  deities,  twice  from  the  ruins  of  Pergamus  rescued, 
Lo  !  thy  land  of  Ausonia  !  hasten  with  sails  and  possess  it: 
Yet  thou  must  needs  pass  by  on  the  ocean  yon  visible  coast-line: 
Far  is  that  part  of  Ausonia  hence  which  Apollo  discloses; 

Go,"  says  he,  "blest  in  thy  offspring's  piety — Why  am  I  onward  480 

Drifted  too  far,  and  by  talking  detaining  the  freshening  south-winds  ?  " 
No  less  kindly  Andromache,  sad  at  our  final  departure. 
Brings  forth  vestments  embroidered  with  figures  in  stitching  of  gold-thread. 
Tenders  Ascanius  a  Phrygian  cloak  :  nor  is  lacking  in  honor 
Rendered,  and  loads  him  with  loom-wrought  presents,  and  thus  speaks:  485 

**  Take  these  and  let  them  become  as  mementoes,  my  boy,  of  my  own  hand's 
Working,  and  testify  to  thee  Andromache's  lasting  affection. 
Widow  of  Hector  !     Accept  them  as  farewell  gifts  of  thy  kindred. 
O  thou  embodiment  sole  of  my  own  Astyanax  left  me  ! 

Just  such  eyes  he  possessed,  such  hands,  such  features  exactly;  490 

Yes,  and  he  now  would  have  bloomed  into  equal  maturity  with  thee." 
Them  I,  too,  in  departing,  with  upwelling  tears,  was  addressing: 
"  Live  on  in  blissfulness,  O  ye  whose  fortune  already  is  meted  ! 
We  are  from  fates  unto  fates  in  successive  recurrency  summoned; 
Quiet  for  you  is  secured  ;  no  ocean  expanse  to  be  furrowed  495 

More,  no  fields  of  Ausonia  still  to  be  sought  and  forever 
Shrinking  away.     You  the  representation  of  Xanthus  and  Troja 
See,  which  your  own  hands  here  have  made,  and  I  would  it  were  under 
Happier  auspices,  less,  too,  exposed  to  our  foemen  the  Grecians. 
But  if  I  ever  the  Thybris,  and  meadows  adjacent  the  Thybris  500 

l!^nter,  if  ever  I  gaze  on  the  ramparts  assigned  to  my  nation, 
We  will  hereafter  our  cognate  cities  and  neighboring  people — 
Yours  at  Epirus  and  mine  in  Hesperia,  Dardanus  common 
Founder  of  each,  and  our  trials  identical — constitute  both  one 
Troja  in  spirit  ;  this  charge  shall  remain  to  our  future  descendants."  505 


BOOK    III.  55 

Close  to  Ccraunia's  shore  we  arc  wafted  along  on  the  ocean, 
Whence  to  Italia  our  journey  and  course  on  the  billow  is  shortc-kt. 
Meanwhile  the  sun  goes  down,  and  the  mountains  arc  shr  '    tbscurcly; 

Stretfh  we  ourselves  on  the  lap  of  the  coveted  land  by  tht   im,....», 
Lotting  the  watch  at  the  oars,  and  at  random  along  on  the  tlry  licach  510 

Care  for  our  tHxIies,  and  slumherour  toil-worn  memlnrrs  refreshes. 
Night,  led  on  by  the  hours,  was  as  yet  not  mounting  her  mid  orb. 
Ere  I'alinuru.s,  no  laggard,  upstarts  from  his  couch  and  examines 
Every  wind,  and  catches  the  breeze  in  his  ears  as  it  whispers: 
All  of  the  stars  he  notes,  as  they  glide  in  the  silence  of  heaven;  515 

Notes  he  Arcturus,  the  pluvial  Hyads,  the  small  and  the  great  Bear; 
Narrowly  scans  he  C)rion  accoutreil  in  golden  ecpiipment. 
When  he  discovers  all  nature  in  heaven  abiding  serenely. 
Shrilly  a  signal  he  peals  from  the  poop-deck.     lireak  we  encampment. 
Venture  the  voyage,  and  spread  out  the  wings  of  our  sails  to  the  l)reczes.         520 
Now,  with  the  flight  of  the  stars,  was  beginning  the  blush  of  Aurora, 
When  from  afar  we  descry  indistinctly  the  hills  and  the  lowlands 
Dim  of  Italia.     It.m.ia  shouted  the  joyous  Achates  ! 
Comrades  with  jubilant  shout  are  Italia  hearty  saluting. 

Then  does  my  father  Anchiscs  a  huge  wine-crock  with  a  garland  525 

Wreathe,  and  he  filled  it  with  unmixed  wine  and  the  deities  worshipped. 
Perched  on  a  lofty  stern  : — 

"Gods,  whose  legitimate  sway  is  the  sea  and  the  land  and  the  tempests, 
Bring  with  the  wind  an  agreeable  voyage,  and  breathe  ye  prt)pitious  !  " 
Freshen  the  coveted  breezes,  and  ojx-ns  already  the  harlM)r  5  jo 

Nearer,  and  there,  on  a  height,  is  api^aring  the  fane  of  Minerva. 
Furl  my  companions  the  sails,  and  the  prows  twirl  round  to  the  seashores. 
Curved  in  a  bow-shape,  safe  from  the  surf  on  the  east  is  a  harbor; 
Opposite  cliffs  out-jutting  foam  with  the  dash  of  the  salt  spray; 
Hidden  itself,  for  the  turretcd  j^eaks  in  a  duplicate  breastwork  535 

Reach  down  their  arms  at  its  mouth,  and  the  temi)le  recedes  \:\  the  distance. 

Here,  as  initial  omen,  I  saw  four  horses  in  pasture. 
Grazing  at  large 'on  the  commons,  and  sjxjtlessly  snowy  in  «hltencss. 
Father  Anchises  :  "  War  thou  i^)rtendest,  O  land  of  the  stranger ! 
Horses  are  harnessed  for  war,  and  war  these  animals  IhxJc  us  :  540 

But  yet  these  self-same  quadrujieds  have  to  the  chariot  long  l>ecn 
Wont  to  submit,  and  to  bear  in  the  collar  the  peaceable  bridle  : 
Hope,  too,  of  peace,"  he  exclaims.     We  then  to  divinities  holy 
Pray  of  the  armor-resounding  Pallas,  who  welcometl  us  joyful 
First,  and  we  muffle  our  heads  with  the  Phrygian  veil  at  the  altars,  545 


56  THE    ^NEID. 

And,  as  admonished  by  Helenus,  who  had  expressly  enjoined  it, 
Duly  we  pay  to  the  Argive  Juno  the  requisite  honors. 

Loitering  not,  forthwith,  when  our  vows  were  in  order  completed, 
Seaward  we  turn  the  booms  of  our  sail-adjustable  yard-arms; 
Quit  we  the  homes  and  suspected  fields  of  the  race  of  the  Grecians.  550 

Hence  now  the  bay  of  Tarentum,  if  rumor  be  true,  by  the  mighty 
Hercules  founded,  is  sighted  :  the  goddess  Lacinia  looms  up 
Fronting,  and  castles  of  Caulon,  and  noted  for  wrecks  Scylaceiim. 
Then  from  the  wave  in  the  distance  is   sighted  Trinacrian  ^^tna, 
And  we  the  loud  moan  hear  of  the  ocean,  and  the  rocks  by  the  breakers  555 

Pounded  hear,  and  afar  on  the  shores  the  reverberant  echoes 
Hear,  and  the  waters  upleap  and  the  sands  in  the  surf  are  immingled. 
Father  Anchises  :  "  Undoubtedly  this  is  that  awful  Chary bd  is  ! 
Those  are  the  cliffs,  and  these  are  the  rocks  of  which  Helenus  warned  us. 
Rescue  us,  comrades,  and  spring  to  your  rowing  together  for  dear  life."  560 

Promptly  as  bidden  they  do,  and  ahead  Palinurus  his  growling 
Prow  rounds  sharply  away  to  the  billows  that  lie  on  the  larboard : 
Larboard  the  whole  fleet  steered  by  the  aid  of  their  oars  and  the  mainsails. 
Up  on  the  high-curved  surge  we  are  lifted  to  heaven,  and  swiftly 
Down  to  the  nethermost  shades  we  descend  on  the  refluent  billows.  565 

Thrice  did  the  cliffs  mid  the  cavernous  ledges  re-echo  the  clamors  ; 
Thrice  did  we  see  the  bespattering  spray  and  the  stars,  as  if  dew-drenched. 

Meanwhile  the  wind  with  the  sun  forsook  us  benighted  and  wearj', 
When,  not  knowing  the  way,  we  drift  to  the  shores  of  the  Cyclops. 
Safe  from  the  sweep  of  the  winds  is  the  harbor  itself,  and  capacious;  570 

But  in  its  vicinage  thunders  ^tna  with  frightful  eruptions, 
E'er  and  anon  in  its  throes  it  discharges  to  heaven  a  black  cloud 
Smoking  in  pitchy  whirls,  and,  with  sparkles  of  glittering  cinders, 
Flings  out  balls  of  flame,  and  licks  with  its  flashes  the  planets  ; 
E'er  and  anon  it  the  crags,  and  the  mountain's  evicerate  bowels  575 

Heaves  up  belching,  and  up  with  a  groan  it  amasses  the  molten 
Rocks  to  the  air  as  it  surges  and  seethes  to  its  nethermost  bottom. 
Legend  asserts  that  Enceladus'  body,  half  roasted  by  lightning. 
Under  the  mass  is  oppressed  ,  and  above  it  is  ponderous  yEtna 
Superimposed,  from  its  riven  furnaces  breathing  out  flame-jets;  580 

And  as  oft  as  he  changes  his  weary  side,  with  a  rumble 
All  Trinacria  quakes,  and  the  heavens  are  wrapped  in  a  smoke-cloud. 
Sheltered  that  night  by  the  forests  throughout  we  endure  the  appalling 
Spectres,  nor  can  we  discover  the  cause  that  occasions  the  noises  ; 
For  there  were  visible  neither  the  twinkle  of  stars,  nor  the  zenith,  585 


BOOK    III.  57 

Bright  with  sidereal  .rthcr,  but  clouds  in  the  overcast  heavens, 

Anil  the  unscasonly  night  was  enshrouding  the  mmm  in  a  storm-cloud. 

Now  was  arising  the  following  day  with  its  earliest  Eastern 
1      hi,  and  Aurora  had  brushed  frt)in  the  zenith  the  dam[Hrning  shadows  ; 
\\  ncn,  from  the  woixlsof  a  sudden,  the  singular  form  of  an  unknown  590 

Man,  to  the  utmost  mcagreness  wasted,  in  wretched  condition, 
Issues,  anil  stretches  his  hands  as  a  suppliant  out  on  the  sea-shore. 
Backward  we  look  I  His  squalor  was  shocking  ;  his  beard  was  all  matted  ; 
Pinned  was  his  raiment  with  thorns,  but  in  other  respects  he  was  Grecian, 
Yea,  and  to  Troja  was  formerly  sent  with  the  arms  of  his  country.  595 

He,  when  he  saw  our  Dardanian  garbs,  and  the  armor  of  Troja 
Flash  in  the  distance  upon  him,  o'erwhclmcd  at  the  sight  for  the  moment 
Halted,  and  slackened  his  footsteps  :  presently  he  to  the  sea-side 
Headlong  hurried  with  tears  and  prayers  :  ••  By  the  stars   I  adjure  you, 
O  by  the  powers  above,  and  this  breathable  light  of  the  heavens,  600 

Carr)'  me,  Teucrans,  hence,  and  to  whatever  lands  ye  convey  me. 
It  shall  suffice.     I  know  I  am  one  from  the  fleet  of  the  Danai, 
Yea,  and  confess  that  in  war  I  assaulted  the  Ilian  home-gods  : 
For  which,  if  such  be  the  injury  done  by  our  criminal  outrage. 
Strew  me  in  shreds  on  the  billow,  and  drown  me  at  once  in  the  vast  deep  :      ^--^ 
So,  if  I  perish,   I'll  joy  to  have  i>erishcd  by  hands  that  are  human." 

Thus  had  he  spoken,  and  clasping  our  knees,  to  our  knees  he  was  groveling 
Clinging  :  we  beg  him  to  tell  us  at  once  who  he  is,  and  from  what  blood 
Sprung,  and  then  that  he  frankly  acknowledge  what  fortune  pursues  him. 
Father  Anchises  himself,  not  wasting  a  moment,  his  right  hand  610 

(iives  to  the  youth,  and  emlwldens  his  soul  by  a  personal  token. 
He  then  thus,  when  his  terror  at  length  was  abated,  IxsjK-aks  us  : 
•*  I'm  from  the  Ithacan's  countr)',  a  comrade  of  luckless  Ulysses, 
Name  Achemenides,  sent  by  my  indigent  sire  Adamastus 

F'orward  to  Troja— and  would  that  my  fortune  as  his  had  continued.  615 

Here  my  companions  unmindful,  when  they,  in  their  trepidant  panic. 
Quitted  these  merciless  thresholds,  left  me  behind  in  the  Cyclojw' 
Fathomless  cavern,  a  mansion  of  gore  and  of  bloody  carousals, 
Dismal  within  and  immense.      He  gigantic  impinges  the  lofty 
Stars  ;  O  ye  deities,  ward  from  the  earth  such  a  pestilent  monster  !  620 

None  can  endure  to  behold  him,  and  none  feel  free  to  bespeak  him : 
Greedy  he  gloats  on  the  entrails  and  blackened  blood  of  his  victims  ; 
Yea,  I  myself  saw  when  he  the  bodies  of  two  of  our  number 
Clutched  in  his  brawny  hand,  and  supine  in  the  midst  of  his  carem. 
Smashed  them  against  the  rock :  and,  bespattered  with  matter,  the  threshoiiis  6:5 


58  THE    ^NEID. 

Swam :   and  I  saw  when  he  craunched  their  limbs  all  dripping  with  blackened 

Clots,  and  their  joints  still  blood-warm  quivered  with  life  in  his  tushes  : 

Not  with  impunity  though,  for  Ulysses  such  truculence  brooked  not  ; 

Nor  were  the  Ithacan's  wits  at  a  loss  in  such  an  emergence. 

For  as  soon  as  he,  gorged  with  his  viands,  and  buried  in  wassail,  630 

Settled  his  bent-back  neck,  and  lay  out-sprawled  in  his  cavern 

Monstrous,  and  spewing  in  sleep  out  gory  putrescence,  and  gobbets 

Mingled  with  blood-tinged  wine,  we,  uplifting  our  prayers  to  the  great  gods. 

Choosing  by  lot  our  assignments,  together  around  him  on  all  sides 

Cluster,  and  bore  out  sheer,  with  a  tapering  weapon,  his  eye-ball  635 

Huge  that  was  under  his  scowling  brow  in  its  loneliness  lurking, 

Like  an  Argolic  shield,  or  the  luminous  candle  of  Phoebus. 

So  we  at  length  with  rejoicing  avenge  the  shades  of  our  comrades  : 

But  escape,  O  ye  wretches,  escape  and  your  rope  from  the  seabeach 

Sever : — 

For,  as  uncouth  and  gigantic  as  there  in  his  cavernous  rock-den 

Pens  Polyphemus  his  fleece-clad  fiocks,  and  presses  their  udders. 

Dwell  there  abroad  on  these  winding  shores,  as  in  common,  a  hundred 

Other  abhorrible  Cyclops,  and  wander  yon  towering  mountains. 

Now  are  the  moon's  horns  filling  themselves  with  light  for  the  third  time,         645 

Since  I  in  forests  and  desolate  lairs  and  haunts  of  the  wild  beasts 

Drag  out  life,  and  where'er  from  a  peak  I  descry  the  colossal 

Cyclops,  trembling  I  quake  at  the  sound  of  their  tread  and  their  voices. 

Branches  afford  me  a  wretched  subsistence,  and  berries  and  stony 

Fruit  of  the  cornel,  and  herbs  plucked  up  by  the  roots  are  my  diet.  650 

Anxiously  all  things  scanning,  I  early  this  fleet  to  the  seashore 

Sighted  approaching,  and  to  it  myself,  whatever  it  might  be, 

I  have  resigned  :  'tis  enough  to  escape  this  detestable  nation. 

Take  ye  the  rather  this  life,  by  whatever  infliction  it  please  you." 

Scarce  had  he  spoken  this,  when  we,  afar  on  the  top  of  the  mountain,       655 
See  Polyphemus,  the  shepherd,  himself,  in  the  midst  of  his  sheep-tiock. 
Moving,  in  stature  unwieldy,  and  seeking  the  notable  sea-beach; 
Horrid  the  monster,  misshapen,  immense,  and  bereft  of  his  eyesight; 
Trunk  of  a  pine-tree  pilots  his  hand  and  steadies  his  footsteps; 
Fleece-clad  sheep  are  attending  him.     These  are  his  only  attraction,  660 

These  the  relief  of  his  woe,  [from  his  neck  there  is  hanging  a  whistle.] 
After  that  he  has  the  deep  waves  touched,  and  has  come  to  the  broad  main, 
Then  does  he  rinse  out  the  trickling  gore  from  the  hole  of  his  eye-ball, 
Gnashing  his  teeth  with  a  groan  ;  and  he  now,  right  on  through  the  mid-sea 
Strides,  nor  as  yet  has  the  billow  e'en  moistened  his  towering  haunches.  665 


BOOK    111.  59 

Thence  at  a  distance  wc  tremblingly  hasten  our  flijjht,  and  the  no  well 
Mtrilintj  suppliant  takinj;,  wc,  silently  ruttinjj  our  cables. 
Sweep  o'er  the  waters,  and  l>cnd  rijjhl  forward  in  rivalrous  rowini^. 
Hears  he,  and  «juick  to  the  sound  of  the  voice,  he  directed  his  footsteps: 
Hut  when  no  [xjwer  was  allowed  to  lay  hold  of  a  ship  with  his  right  h;tnd,         670 
He,  unable  to  coix:  with  Ionian  billows  in  chasin>{. 
Lifts  an  unearthly  yell,  and  the  ocean  and  all  of  its  surges 
Trembled  together  thereat,  and  throughout  was  Italta's  mainland 
Startled,  and  /Ktna  rebellowed  anon  in  its  caverned  abysses. 
Forthwith  the  race  of  the  Cyclops,  aroused  from  the  forests  ami  lull-tops,        675 
Hurry  a-down  to  the  harbor,  and  crowd  to  repletion  the  sea-l)each. 
See  we  them  staiulm^  in  waiting,  with  eye  unavailingly  scowling; 
/l\tnean  brothers,  extending  their  tall  heads  upward  to  heaven; 
Horrid  assembly,  precisely  as  oak-trees,  often  with  tall  tops 

Towering  aloft  in  the  air,  or  coniferous  cypresses  thickly  680 

Suind,  or  the  lofty  forests  of  Jove,  or  the  groves  of  Diana. 
Keen  is  the  terror  that  headlong  flrives  us  to  shake  out  the  reef-bands 
Somehow,  and  stretch  to  the  utmost  our  sails  to  the  favoring  breezes: 
But  the  injurfctions  of  Helenus  warn  of  Charybdis  and  Scylla — 
Either  with  little  distinction  between  them  a  way  of  destruction —  685 

Not  to  hold  onward  our  course  :  'tis  decided  to  tack  to  the  windward; 
But  lo  I  the  north-wind,  sent  from  the  narrow  abode  of  I'elorus, 
Comes  to  our  aid.     I  am  borne  by  Pantagia's  mouths  with  their  native 
(iranite,  by  Megara's  bay,  and  along  by  the  low-lying  Thapsus. 
Such  were  the  shores,  which  backward  along  by  the  scenes  of  his  roaming        690 
Coasting,  showed  Achemenides,  comrade  of  luckless  Ulysses. 
Stretched  out  over  against  the  Sicanian  gulf  lies  an  island 
Fronting  the  surfy  Plemyrium,  ancients  Ortygia  called  iL 
Hither,  as  rumor  re|X)rts  it,  Alpheiis,  a  river  of  Elis, 

Forced  'neath  the  sea  its  mysterious  channels,  but  now  it  is  mingled,  695 

O  Arethusa,  from  thine  own  mouth  with  Sicilian  surges. 
Wc,  as  enjoined,  the  locality's  mighty  divinities  worship; 
Then  pass  on  by  the  too  rich  soil  of  the  stagnant  Helorus; 
Thence  we  the  beetling  cliffs  and  projecting  rocks  of  I'achynus 
(iraze,  and  the  never  by  fates  allowed  to  be  drained  Camarina  700 

Looms  into  view,  and  far  in  the  distance  the  (ieloan  moorlamis — 
Gela  itself  the  atrocious,  so  called  from  the  name  of  its  nver. 
Toweringly  Acragas,  thence  far  away,  displays  its  majestic 
Battlements,  famous  of  old  as  the  breeder  of  spiritetl  horses. 
Thee,  too,  as  winds  are  allowed  us,  I  leave,  O  palmy  Salinus,  705 


6p  THE    ^NEID. 

Skirting  the  shoals  Lilybean,  bestrewn  with  invisible  ledges; 
I    Hence,  then,  welcome  me,  Drepanum's  harbor  and  saddening  seaboard: 
Here  I,  alas  !  who  have  been  by  so  many  a  tempest  of  ocean 
Driven,  my  sire,  my  reliance  in  every  care  and  disaster. 

Lose,  Anchises  !     Thou  here  didst,  noblest  father,  desert  me  710 

Wearied,  alas  !  unavailingly  snatched  from  such  imminent  dangers  ! 
Nor  did  the  prophet  Helenus,  though  he  forewarned  me  of  many 
Horrors,  predict  me  these  sorrows,  nor  yet  did  the  direful  Celaeno. 
This  was  my  last  task;  this  was  the  bound  of  my  tedious  journeys: 
Parting  from  thence  hath  a  deity  guided  me  here  to  your  confines.  7x5 

Thus  did  the  father  ^neas  alone,  while  they  all  were  attentive, 
Pass  in  rehearsal  the  fates  of  the  gods,  and  relate  his  adventures : 
Ceased  he  at  length,  and,  hereupon,  ending  his  narrative,  rested.  | 


BOOK  IV. 


Love  is  a  snare  to  the  queen,  and,  by  plotting  of  Juno  and  Venus, 
Issues  at  length  in  the  tragical  death  of  the  beautiful  Dido, 


Meanwhile  the  queen,  for  a  long  time  smitten  with  harrowing  heart-T-hr, 
Nurses  the  wound  in  her  veins,  and  is  racked  with  invisible  wild-firc. 
Much  to  her  soul  does  the  hero's  valor  recur,  and  as  much  his 
Nation's  honor  :  infixed  in  her  bosom  his  words  and  his  features 
Cling,  and  her  heart-ache  yields  her  no  placid  repose  to  her  mcml>crs.  5 

Now  was  Aurora  the  following  day,  with  the  candle  of  I*h<cbus, 
I.iijhting  the  lands,  and  had  chased  from  the  zenith  the  dam|x:ning  shadows^ 
When  she  addresses,  though  ill  at  ease,  her  affectionate  sister  : 
"  Anna,  my  sister,  what  sleeplessness  holds  in  suspense  and  affrights  mc  ! 
Who  is  this  wonderful  guest  that  has  newly  arrived  at  our  homesteads?  10 

Mark  how  superb  in  apfx^arance  !  how  dauntless  in  spirit  and  armor ! 
Surely  I  guess — nor  is  guessing  unfoundecJ — his  race  is  of  heaven  : 
Cowardice  argues  degenerate  souls  !     But,  alas!  by  what  strange  fates 
Has  he  been  tossed;  of  what  wars,  as  if  drained  to  the  dregs,  he  was  singing  ' 
If  in  my  soul  it  had  not  been  fixed,  and  immovably  settled,  »5 

Th  it  I  to  no  one  again  would  ally  me  in  conjugal  fetters. 
After  my  first  love,  cheating  by  death,  disappointingly  foiled  me  ; 
Were  I  not  utterly  sick  of  the  marital  chaml>er  and  torch-lights, 
I  might  perhaps  succumb  to  this  single  infirmity  only. 

Anna,  for  I  will  confess  since  the  fate  of  Sychx-Us,  my  hapless  ao 

S{x)use,  and  our  home-gods  stained  by  the  murderous  act  of  a  brother, 
This  one  alone  hath  my  feelings  swayed,  and  my  soul  to  inconstancc 
ITrged  :  in  this  thrill  I  acknowledge  the  trace  of  my  early  emotion  : 
Hut  I  could  wish  that  cither  the  deep  earth  open  before  me. 
Or  that  the  father  omnipotent  hurl  me  with  Iwlt  to  the  shadows —  15 

61 


62  THE    ^NEID. 

hadows  of  Erebus  dismal — and  doom  me  to  gloomiest  midnight, 
Ere  I,  O  chastity,  violate  thee,  or  annul  thy  enactments  ! 
He  who  the  first  to  himself  hath  wed  me,  hath  borne  my  affections  ; 
Hence,  may  he  hold  them  with  him,  and  still  in  the  sepulchre  keep  them  !" 
Thus  did  she  speak,  and  with  tears  upwelling,  she  flooded  her  bosom.  30 

Anna  responds  :  "  O  dearer  by  far  than  the  light  to  thy  sister. 
Wilt  thou  thus  fritter  thy  youth  in  perpetual,  lonely  repining, 
Knowing  no  longer  the  sweetness  of  children  and  pleasures  of  Venus  ? 
Thinkest  thou  ashes  and  sepulchred  ghosts  in  the  slightest  regard  this  ? 
Be  it,  that  no  other  suitors  have  hitherto  moved  thee  a  mourner,  35 

Either  of  Libya,  or  prior  at  Tyrus,  larbus  discarded. 
Yea,  and  the  various  chieftains  whom  Africa,  rich  in  her  triumphs, 
Nurtures  ;  and  wilt  thou  then  fight  the  attachment  that  hath  thme  approval  ? 
Does  it  not  come  to  thy  mind  on  whose  meadows  it  is  thou  hast  settled  ? 
Here  the  Gastulian  cities,  a  nation  resistless  in  warfare  ;  40 

Here  the  unbridled  Numidians  gird  thee  and  barbarous  Syrtes  ; 
There  a  domain  made  desert  by  drought,  and  the  people  of  Barce 
Ranging  at  large  :  Why  need  I  refer  to  the  wars  that  from  Tyrus 
Loom,  and  the  threats  of  our  kinsman  ? — 

Sure,  I  believe  that,  through  omens  divine,  and  with  Juno  propitious,  45 

Hither  have  held  on  their  course  by  the  winds  these  Ilian  vessels. 
What  shalt  thou,  sister,  this  city,  and  what  these  dominions  arising. 
See  by  such  marriage  !     With  Teucran  arms  in  alliance  of  friendship. 
How  shall  the  Punic  glory  be  lifted  by  mighty  achievements  ? 
Do  thou  but  favor  entreat  of  the  gods,  and,acceptable  service  50 

Rendered,  indulge  in  thy  welcome,  and  weave  him  excuses  for  staying 
Long  as  the  winter,  or  stormy  Orion  hath  sway  on  the  ocean  ; 
Long  as  are  shattered  his  ships,  and  the  weather  too  squally  to  venture." 
Thus  by  her  words  she  inflamed  her  enkindled  soul  with  a  yearning, 
Hope,  too,  infused  in  her  hesitant  mind  and  stifled  her  scruj)les.  55 

First  to  the  shrines  they  repair,  and  devoutly  a  truce  at  the  altars 
Sue  ;  they  the  yearling  ewes,  selected  according  to  custom, 
Offer  to  lawgiver  Ceres,  to  Phoebus,  and  father  Lyaeiis  ; 
Chiefly  of  all,  though,  to  Juno,  whose  charge  is  the  fetters  of  wedlock. 
Holding  a  bowl  in  her  right  hand,  beautiful  Dido  her  own  self  60 

Pours  it  between  the  horns  of  a  snow-white  heifer,  or  slowly 
Paces  before  the  eyes  of  the  gods  by  the  side  of  the  well-filled 
Altars,  and  crowns  with  oblations  the  day,  and  inspecting  the  unveiled 
Breasts  of  the  victims,  consults  for  herself  the  yet  quivering  entrails. 
Ah  !  how  unthinking  the  minds  of  interpreters  !     What  can  her  votives,  65 


BOOK    IV.  Oj 

What  can  the  shrines  avail  her  ?     A  suhiilc  flame  «s  the  meanwhile 

Eatmg  her  marrow,  and  secretly  festers  the  wound  m  her  bosom. 

Scorching  forlornly  is  Dido,  and  roaming  all  over  the  city 

Frantically  ;  just  as  a  doe  that  is  fatally  struck  by  an  arrow, 

Whom  unawares,  in  the  Crcsian  groves  at  a  distance,  a  shepherd  70 

Chasing  with  wta|x>ns  hath  wounded,  and  left  the  msidious  iron 

Ruthlessly  ;  she  in  her  flight  through  I)u;t.i;.in  forests  and  jungles 

Courses,  while  fast  in  her  flank  is  adhering  the  deadly  projectile. 

Oft  by  her  side  she  ^^\neas  conducts  through  the  midst  of  the  ramparts. 

Shows  him  her  hoarded  Sidonian, wealth  and  the  city  in  waiting  ;  75 

Starts  she  to  speak,  and  anon  stops  short  in  the  sentence. 

Now  as  the  day  glides  by  she  demands  a  return  of  the  self-same 

Hanquets,  and  coaxes  to  listen  again  to  the  Ilian  hardships. 

Whilst  she  again  as  absorbingly  hangs  on  the  lips  of  the  speaker. 

Then,  when  the  guests  have  retired,  and  in  turn  at  its  waning  the  dim  moon      80 

Buries  its  light,  and  the  setting  stars  are  persuading  to  sluml>ers, 

lx)nely  she  pines  in  her  vacant  home,  and  reclines  on  the  couches 

There  as  he  left  them  :  absent  she  hears,  or  l)eholds  him  though  absent ; 

Or  on  her  lap  she  caresses  Ascanius,  charmed  with  his  father's 

Image,  if  haply  she  thus  may  beguile  her  ineffable  yearning.  85 

Rise  no  longer  her  outlined  towers, no  longer  her  stalwarts 

Practice  in  arms  ;  nor  make  they  the  ports  and  impregnable  breastworks 

Ready  for  war ;  the  works  interrupted,  the  frowning  stupendous 

Walls,  and  the  enginery  reaching  to  heaven,  alike  are  suspended. 

Quickly  as  Jove's  dear  consort  perceives  her  by  spell  so  enchanting  90 

Bound,  that  her  fame  can  no  longer  withstand  her  impetuous  frenzy, 
I'ertly  to  Venus  Saturnia  broaches  in  language  of  this  sort : 
*•  Splendid  indeed  the  renown,  and  ample  the  spoils  thou  acquirest. 
Thou  and  thy  lx)y — a  grand  and  remarkable  potency  truly. 

If  but  a  single  woman  is  won  by  the  cunning  of  two  gods  !  95 

So  then  it  does  not  escape  me  that  thou  hast,  in  dread  of  our  rampartj^ 
Jealously  held  as  suspected  the  homes  of  imperial  Carthage. 
Prithee,  and  what  shall  the  end  be?     Ami  what  now  the  gain  of  such  contest ; 
VVhy  not  rather  a  permanent  truce  and  connubial  comjxicts 

Sanction  ?     Thou  hast  the  result  that  with  all  thy  mind  thou  wast  seeking  :       loo 
Dido  is  hotly  in  love,  and  hath  caught  in  her  Iwnes  the  excitement : 
Hence  let  us  rule  this  people  in  common  and  under  united 
Auspices  ;  let  her  surrender  herself  to  a  Phrj-gian  husband  : 
And  to  thy  right  hand  pass  the  Tyrians  over  as  dower." 
To  her  then — for  she  perceived  that  she  spake  with  dissimulate  purpow,  105 


64  THE    ^NEID. 

Plotting  Italia' s  empire  to  shift  to  Libya's  confines — 
Thus  broached  Venus  in  turn:  "  Who  such  a  proposal  would  rashly 
Spurn,  or  with  thee  would  rather  prefer  to  contend  in  a  warfare  ? 
Splendid  !  if  fortune  would  only  favor  the  project  thou  statest. 
But  I  am  kept  in  suspense  by  the  fates,  whether  Jupiter  wants  one  no 

City  to  serve  for  the  Tyrians,  and  the  wayfarers  from  Troja; 
Whether  he  favors  the  mixing  of  nations  and  forming  of  compacts  : 
Thou  art  his  spouse,  it  is  thine  to  discover  his  mind  by  entreaty  ; 
Lead  and  I  follow."     Then  thus  the  imperial  Juno  proceeded  : 
"  Mine  be  that  task.     And  now  by  what  method  the  object  before  us  115 

Yet  may  be  nicely  accomplished,  attend,  I  will  briefly  instruct  thee. 
Out  in  the  forests,  ^-Eneas  and  love-lorn  Dido  together 
Purpose  a-hunting  to  go  on  the  morrow,  as  soon  as  hath  Titan 
Hoisted  his  earliest  streamers,  and  ushered  the  world  to  the  sunbeams. 
I  will  upon  them  a  lurid  storm-cloud  mingled  with  hail-stones,  120 

Just  as  the  beaters  are  bustling  and  girding  the  coverts  with  spring-nets, 
Down  from  above  out-pour,  and  will  rouse  all  heaven  with  thunder. 
Escorts  shall  scatter  away,  and  be  shrouded  in  shadowy  midnight ; 
Dido  the  while,  and  the  Trojan  chief,  shall  resort  to  the  self-same 
Cavern  ;  I  will  be  there,  and,  if  sure  of  thy  hearty  concurrence,  125 

I  will  in  durable  wed-lock  join  them  and  call  her  his  own  spouse  ; 
There  shall  the  nuptials  be  !  "  So,  Cythereii,  in  no  wise  objecting, 
Yielded  assent  to  the  suitor  and  smiled  at  her  palpable  intrigues. 
Meanwhile  Aurora  arising  has  left  the  expanse  of  the  ocean  : 
Forth  from  the  portals  at  day-break  issue  the  liveried  huntsmen,  130 

Bearing  the  wide-meshed  nets,  and  the  snares,  and  the  skirmishing  chase-spears. 
Rush  the  Massylian  knights,  and  a  keen-scented  kennel  of  grey-hounds  ; 
Whilst  on  the  queen,  in  her  chamber  delaying,  the  nobles  of  Carthage 
Wait  at  the  thresholds  :  her  prancer,  bedizen  with  purple  and  gold-work 
Stands  there  mettled  and  chafingly  champing  his  lathery  curb-bit.  135 

Then  she  at  length  steps  forth,  by  a  retinue  mighty  attended. 
Round  her  is  thrown  her  Sidonian  cloak,  with  its  border  embroidered  ; 
Wrought  is  her  quiver  of  gold,  and  in  gold  are  her  tresses  enknotted. 
Golden  the  buckle  that  binds  at  the  waist  her  apparel  of  purple. 
Likewise  Phrygian  escorts,  and  with  them  the  merry  liilus,  140 

March  in  the  train  ;  while  ^neas  himself,  the  superbest  among  them, 
Enters  the  list  as  her  special  companion,  and  couples  the  columns. 
Just  as  Apollo,  when  Lycia,  his  winter  resort,  and  the  Xanthus' 
Streamlets  forsaking,  and  visiting  Delos  the  isle  of  his  mother. 
Marshals  the  dancers;   and  round  the  altars  commingling  together  145 


BOOK    IV.  65 

Revel  the  Cretnns,  and  Dryopc»,  and  K-'udily  ii.iul>cd  A^athar»!  ; 

Steps  he  himself  on  the  nd^^es  uf  C'ynthiis,  and  mantlcn  his  flowint; 

Locks  with  a  delicate  wreath,  and  in  j^old  he  adorning  entwines  it ; 

Clanks  on  his  shoulders  his  armor  ;  no  slower  than  he  was  /Kneai 

Hieing,  and  such  is  the  grace  that  beams  from  his  exquisite  features.  15a 

After  their  reaching;  the  lofty  mountains  and  intricate  game-haunts, 

Lo  !  dislodged  from  the  crest  of  the  rock  have  adown  from  the  ridges 

Scampered  the  wild-goats;  deer,  too,  aloof  in  another  direction. 

Hound  in  the  chase  away  o'er  the  o|)cn  plains,  and  their  dusted 

Regiments  huddle  together  in  flight,  and  abandon  the  mountains.  155 

But  the  youthful  .Ascanius  frisks  on  his  mettlesome  charger 
Round  in  the  vales,  and  outstrips  now  these  and  now  those  in  his  racing ; 
Ardent  he  longs  to  bcholil,  mid  the  timorous  cattle,  a  wild-l)oar 
Spuming  emerge,  or  a  tawny  lion  descend  from  the  mountains. 

Meanwhile  the  heavens  begin  to  be  charged  with  an  ominous  rumble;       160 
On  comes,  swiftly  careering,  Jl  storm-cloud  mingled  with  hailstones  : 
Everywhere  Tyrian  escorts,  the   Trojan  youth  anil  the  Dardan 
Grandson  of  V^enus,  away  through  the  fields  have  in  trepidant  |>anic 
Various  refuges  sought  :  from  the  mountains  are  rushing  the  torrents. 
Dido  and  chieftain  of  Troja  betake  themselves  to  the  self-same  165 

Cavern,  and  earth  primeval,  and  Juno  the  guardian  bridesmaid 
Issue  the  signal  ;  the  lightnings  have  flashed,  and  the  firmament  witness 
Stood  of  the  nuptials,  anil  loud  on  the  hill-tops  lofty  the  nymphs  shrieked. 
That  was  the  pivotal  ilay  of  her  doom  ;  it  stixxl  as  the  primal 
Cause  of  her  woes:  for  no  longer  is  she  by  np|K'arance,  or  rumor.  170 

Moved;  nor  does  Dido  clandestinely  longer  indulge  in  the  amour; 
Marriage  she  terms  it,  and  under  that  name  she  excuses  the  frailty. 

Forthwith  rumor  is  hieing  through  Libya's  (X)pulous  cities — 
Rumor  than  whom  no  other  pestiferous  evil  is  fleei.cr; 

She  by  mobility  thrives,  and  increases  her  vigor  by  gadding:  175 

Small  through  fear  at  the  first,  but  anon  she  upreaches  to  heaven. 
Stalks  on  the  ground,  and  away  in  the  clouds  she  buries  her  forehead. 
Earth,  as  they  tell  us,  her  mother,  enraged  at  the  deities'  vengeance. 
Bore  her,  the  youngest  of  Cecils'  and  giant  Enceladus'  sisters; 
Nimbly  elastic  on  foot,  and  as  swift  on  her  sedulous  pinions:  180 

Horrible  monster,  immense,  and  beneath  each  plume  of  her  iKxJy 
Lurk  just  so  many  vigilant  eyes — astounding  to  utter  ! 
Tattle  just  so  many  tongues,  and  mouths,  and  so  many  ears  hear. 
Flits  she  by  night  in  the  midst  'lwi.\t  heaven  and  earth  through  the  darkness 
Buzzing,  nor  closes  she  ever  her  eyes  in  delectable  slumber;  185 


66  THE    ^NEID. 

,    Sits  she  a  spy  in  the  daylight,  either  aloft  on  the  house-tops, 
I    Or  on  the  uppermost  turrets,  and  fills  with  dismay  the  inhabited  cities; 
Messenger  she  as  intent  on  the  false  and  the  vile  as  the  tiuthful. 

I     Such  was  t.he  hag  then  glutting  the  nations  with  manifold  gossip 

Gladly,  and  chanting  with  prurience  equal  the  facts  and  falsehoods  !  190 

How  that  ^neas  has  con:e,  from  the  blood  of  a  Trojan  descended; 
How  that  the  beautiful  Dido  has  deigned  to  receive  him  as  husband; 
How  they  were  spending  the  live-long  winter  in  mutual  dalliance, 
Heedless  the  while  of  their  realms,  and  enslaved  by  a  groveling  passion. 

V__§uch  are  the  stories  the  foul  fiend  everywhere  scatters  in  men's  mouths.  195 

Straightway  she  bends  her  course  to  the  Libyan  monarch  larbus, 
-i^JCindles  his  soul  with  reports,  and  intensifies  grudges  within  him. 
He,  by  a  raped  Garamantian  nymph,  an  offspring  of  Ammon, 
Planted  for  Jove  in  his  ample  dominions  a  hundred  imposing 
Fanes  and  a  hundred  altars,  and  watch-fire  on  them  had  hallowed,  200 

Deities' wardens  eternal,  and  rich  was  their  soil  with  the  victims' 
Gore,  and  their  threshold  blooming  with  ever  diversified  garlands. 
Maddened  in  soul,  and  inflamed  by  the  bitter  report  he  is  said  there 
Humbly,  in  front  of  the  altars,  and  mid  the  deities'  presence. 
Many  a  prayer  to  have  offered  with  hands  unto  Jupiter  outspread:  205 

"  O  thou  omnipotent  Jove,  unto  whom  the  Maurusian  nation. 
Feasting  on  couches  embroidered,  outpours  a  Lensean  libation. 
Dost  thou  behold  this  ?  O  father  do  we,  when  thou  thunderbolts  hurlest, 
Bootlessly  stand  in  awe,  and  at  random  in  clouds  do  the  lightnings 
Terrify  souls,  and  immingle  unmeaning  their  muttering  thunders  ?  210 

Lo  !  now  a  woman,  who,  roving  about  in  our  bounds,  hath  a  meagre 
'   City  established  by  purchase,  to  whom  we  for  tillage  a  seacoast 
Gave,  and  upon  her  conferred  jurisdiction  of  state,  hath  our  nuptials 
Spurned,  and  hath  taken  ^neas  as  paramour  lord  in  her  kingdom; 
Yes,  and  that  Paris  e'en  now,  with  effeminate  retinue  round  him,  215 

Swathing  his  chin  and  his  well-oiled  locks  with  Moeonian  bonnet. 
Gloats  o'er  his  plunder:  while  we,  forsooth,  to  thy  temples  devoutly 
Bring  our  oblations,  and  cherish  a  meaningless  fame  for  devotion  !  " 
Praying  in  strains  like  these,  and  as  suppliant  holding  the  altars, 
Jove  the  omnipotent  heard  him,  and  turned  his  eyes  to  the  ramparts  220 

Royal,  and  towards  the  lovers  of  nobler  distinction  forgetful. 
Then  thus  to  Mercury  speaks  he,  and  thus  he  expresses  his  mandate: 
"  Come  now,  my  son,  go  summon  the  zephyrs  and  glide  on  thy  pinions 
Down  to  Dardania's  chieftain,  who  now  in  the  Tyrian  Carthage 
Loiters,  and  looks  no  longer  for  cities  by  destiny  given,  225 


BOOK    IV.  67 

Speak  him,  and  down  through  the  volatile  breeze»  convey  him  my  message: 

Not  such  a  iK'rsun  as  he  unto  us  did  his  ticautiful  mother 

Promise,  and  rescues  accordingly  twice  from  the  arm«ir  of  (irccians; 

Hut  one  who  should  Italia,  teeming  with  states  and  with  warfare 

Echoing,  rule,  and  a  race  from  the  blooti  exalted  of  Teucer  2jo 

Usher  to  {X)wer,  and  the  whole  world  bring  to  submit  to  hts  statutes. 

Hut  if  the  glory  of  pros|K-cts  so  brilliant  enkindle  no  ardor  ; 

If  he,  moreover,  attempt  not  the  labor  himself  for  his  own  praise. 

Does  he  as  sire  to  Ascanius  envy  the  castles  of  Roma  ? 

What  does  he  mean  ?  or  with  what  hope  stay  in  an  enemy's  nation  ?  235 

Does  he  regard  not  Ausonia's  line  nor  Lavinia's  meadows  ? 

Let  him  set  sail;  the  substance  is  this  ;  let  this  be  our  message." 

SjKike  he  ;  and  he  too  made  haste  to  obey  his  invincible  father's 

Mandate  ;  and  first  to  his  feet  he  laces  his  piniony,  g<jlden 

Sandals,  which  waft  him  sublime  by  their  wings,  or  over  the  outspread  24c 

Waters,  or  over  the  land,  as  swift  as  a  rapid  tornado  ; 

Then  he  assumes  his  wand,  wherewith  he  upsummons  the  pallid 

Spirits  from  Orcus,  and  sends  down  to  dismal  Tartarus  others  ; 

Slumber  bestows  and  withhold,  and  unseals  eyes  closed  in  a  denth-slecp 

Trusting  to  this  he  careers  on  the  winds,  or  he  crosses  the  turbid  245 

Cloud  ;  and  now  he  in  flying  discovers  the  crest  and  the  broad-ribbed 

Sides  of  endurable  Atlns,  who  steadies  the  sky  on  his  summit — 

Atlas,  whose  pine-crowned  head,  unremittingly  comjxissed  by  murky 

Mists,  is  incessantly  lashed  by  the  gales  and  the  battering  rain-storms: 

Drifted  snow  is  enshrouding  his  shoulders,  and  streams  from  the  old  man's      25c 

Chin  plunge  down,  and  his  horrible  beard  with  an  icicle  stiffens. 

Here  first  Cyllenius,  poising  himself  on  his  balancing  pinions. 

Lighted  ;  thence  straight  to  the  waves  with  the  whole  of  his  Ixxly  he  headlong 

Swooped  like  a  bird,  which  around  o'er  the  shores  and  around  o'er  the  sca-clifts. 

Haunted  by  fish,  flies  lowly  along  o'er  the  face  of  the  waters  ;  255 

Just  so  also  along  'twi.xt  earth  and  heaven  was  flying 

Over  the  sand-paved  shore,  and  cleaving  the  Libyan  breezes. 

Coming  adow'n  from  his  grandsire  maternal,  the  child  of  Cyllen^. 

Soon  as  on  piniony  soles  he  has  reached  the  removable  hovels, 
I>o  !  he  ..4*^neas  there  founding  new  castles,  and  rearing  new  mansit>ns  a6o 

Sighted  at  once:  but  the  sword  that  he  wore  was  by  yellowest  jasixrr 
Starred,  and  with  Tyrian  purple  was  blazing  the  cassf>ck  that  loosely 
Hung  from  his  shoulders,  a  present  which  opulent  Dido  had  deftly 
Wrought,  and  the  warp,  in  the  woof,  had  inwoven  with  delicate  gold  thread. 
Straight  he  assails  him  :  "  Art  thou  now  laying  foundations  of  stately  265 


68  THE    ^NEID. 

Carthage,  and  dotingly  fond  of  a  woman,  a  beautiful  city- 
Building  ?     Alas  !  how  forgetful  thou  art  of  thy  kingdom  and  fortunes  ! 
Down  from  the  shining  Olympus  the  ruler  of  deities  sends  me — 
He  who  whirls  by  his  sovereign  behest  both  the  earth  and  the  heaven — 
He  commands  me  to  bear  these  mandates  down  through  the  volatile  sether  :    270 
What  dost  thou  mean  ?  or  with  what  hope  leasure  on  Libya's  lowlands 
Spendest  ?     If  glory  of  prospects  so  brilliant  enkindles  no  ardor, 
If  thou,  moreover,  attempt  not  the  labor  thyself  for  thine  own  praise, 
Yet  for  Ascanius  rismg,  and  hopes  of  liilus  thine  own  heir 

Cherish  regard  ;  for  to  him  the  domain  of  Italia  and  Roman  275 

Glebe  are  entailed."     Cyllenius  thus  much  having  addressed  him, 
Left,  in  the  midst  of  his  speech,  the  immediate  vision  of  mortals, 
And  he  away  out  of  sight  into  thin  air  suddenly  vanished. 

But,  of  a  truth  astounded  and  dazed  at  the  sight  was  ^"Eneas  ; 
Stiffened  with  horror  his  hair,  and  his  voice  in  its  utterance  stifled.  280 

Burns  he  to  start  on  his  flight,  and  to  quit  the  delectable  guest-lands, 
Awed  by  the  deities'  marvelous  warning  and  positive  mandate  ; 
Ah  !  but,  what  can  he  do  ?  or  with  what  tact  venture  to  compass 
Now  the  infuriate  queen  ?  or  how  shall  he  open  a  parlance  ! 

Yet,  he  dispatches  his  hurrymg  soul  now  hither,  now  thither,  285 

Spurs  it  in  divers  directions  and  testingly  turns  it  on  all  things. 
This  as  he  wavers  alternately  seemed  as  the  wiser  decision: 
Summons  he  Mnestheus,  Sergestus,  and  valiant  Cloanthus,  and  bids  them 
Secretly  fit  out  the  fleet,  and  on  shore  to  assemble  their  comrades. 
Furnish  them  armor,  and  carefully  mask  the  cause  of  the  new-formed  290 

Plans,  and  himself  will  the  meanwhile,  since  the  most  excellent  Dido 
Knows  not,  and  will  not  suspect  that  attachments  so  strong  can  be  broken, 
Try  the  approaches,  and  what  the  most  suitable  moments  for  speaking. 
What  the  appropriate  means  for  the  purpose  consider.     At  once  all 
Gladly  obey  the  command,  and  proceed  to  accomplish-their  orders.  295 

But  the  queen  has  the  ruses — for  who  can  bamboozle  a  lover  ? — 
Early  surmised,  and  the  moves  of  the  future  divined  at  the  outset, 
Fearing  the  all-things-safe.     To  her  lorn  has  the  impious  self-same 
Rumor  detailed  that  the  fleet  was  equipped,  and  prepared  for  a  voyage. 
Reft  of  her  reason,  she  rages  and  fuming  all  over  the  city,  300 

Raves  as  a  Thyad,  aroused  by  the  stir  of  the  mysteries  started ; 
When,  as  the  shouting  to  Bacchus  is  heard,  the  triennial  orgies 
Thrill,  and  Cithoeron  nocturnally  calls  her  to  join  in  the  revel. 
So,  in  these  words  at  length,  she  addresses  .^neas  abruptly: 

*'  Didst  thou  imagine  it  possible,  traitor,  to  mask  such  a  flagrant  305 


BOOK    IV.  69 

Wrong  by  dissembling,  and  so  to  depart  from  my  province  in  secret? 

Cannot  our  love,  nor  our  right  hand  pli;jhtcd  so  lately,  nor  Dido, 

Ready  to  lay  down  her  life  by  the  cruekst  exit,  deUin  thee? 

Nay,  thou  art  ecn  in  the  solstice  of  winter  e«|uipping  thy  sc|uadron, 

Hasting  to  lauiu  h  it  abroad  on  the  deep,  m  the  nuiUt  of  the  north-winds,        310 

Cruelly.     Why  ?    If  thou  wcrt  not  to  alien  meadows  and  homestead», 

Unknown  bound;  if  the  primitive  city  of  'I'roja  were  standing, 

Tell  me  would  'I'roja  be  sought  by  thy  fleets  on  a  billowy  ocean? 

Me  dost  thou  flee?     Hy  these  tears,  and  thine  own  right  hand  I  implore  thee — 

Since  there  is  naught  else  now  but  tears  in  my  wretchedness  left  me —  315 

Hy  our  connubial  troth,  by  our  pledges  initial  of  marriage, 

If  I  have  merited  aught  of  thee  well,  or  to  thee  there  has  aught  Ix-'cn 

Pleasant  of  mine,  ()  pity  this  tottering  home,  if  there  yet  be 

Room  for  entreaty  at  all,  I  beseech  thee  give  up  the  intention. 

For  thy  sake  have  the  Libyan  tribes  and  Numidians'  tyrants  320 

Hated  me:  Tyrians, too,  were  offended;  because  of  thy  coming 

Conscience  was  (juenched,  and,  by  what  I  alone  to  the  stars  was  altammg. 

Previous  fame.      For  what  dost  thou  leave  me  t(}  [KTish,  my  late  guest  .* 

Since  of  what  was  a  husband  thir  name  now  alone  is  remaining. 

Why  do  I  wait  ?     Till  my  brother  Pygmalion  level  my  ramjxarts  ?  315 

Or  the  Gajtulian  Chieftain  larbus  shall  lead  me  a  captive? 

If  there  had  only  been  granted  me,  ere  thy  departure,  an  offspring 

Fathered  by  thee  !     If  some  little  /FIneas  were  here  in  my  courtyard 

Playing,  who  might  still  bring  thee  endearingly  back  by  his  features. 

Then  I  should  not,  it  is  true,  seem  wholly  betrayed  or  descrtetl."  330 

So  had  she  spoken:  his  eyes  he,  by  Jupiter's  warnings,  was  holding 
Moveless,  and  deep  in  his  bosom  with  effort  repressing  his  troubles. 
Briefly  at  length  he  resjx)nds:  "That  thou,  O  Queen,  art  deser\'ing 
More  than  thou  canst  by  expression  compute,  I  never  will  gainsay, 
Nor  shall  I  ever  indeed  be  ashamed  to  remember  Fllissa,  335 

While  I  remember  myself,  or  my  spirit  is  ruling  my  members. 
Briefly  I  sjK*ak  to  the  point:  I  have  never  expected  to  slyly 
Hide  this  e.si:ajx: — imagine  it  not — I  have  never  a  husband's 
Marital  torch-lights  waved,  nor  have  ever  come  into  these  compacts. 
Had  the  fates  but  allowed  me  to  spend  my  life  'neath  my  chosen  340 

Auspices,  and  of  my  own  free  will  to  dispose  of  my  troubles. 
First  I  would  fain  have  cherished  the  city  of  Troja  and  reliqucs 
Dear  of  my  kin,  and  had  still  stofKl  Priam's  imiK'rial  mansions; 
I.  I\v  my  hand  would  restored  have  a  Pergamus  reared  for  the  vanquished. 
But  to  the  mighty  Italia  now  has  tirynxan  Apollo,  345 


70  THE    ^NEID. 

On  to  Italia  Lycian  lots  have  enjoined  me  to  hasten  ; 

This  is  my  longing;  that  is  my  country;  if  castles  of  Carthage, 

Thee  a  Phoenician  detain,  and  the  sight  of  the  Libyan  city, 

Why  is  there,  prithee,  that  Teucrans  settle  Ausonia's  mainland 

Envy  ?     It  surely  is  right  that  we  seek  for  exterior  kingdoms.  350 

Father  Anchises,  as  oft  as  the  night  with  its  dampening  shadows 

Mantles  the  earth,  and  as  oft  as  the  igneous  stars  are  arising, 

Warns  me  in  dreams,  and  his  anxiously  troubled  spectre  affrights  me; 

Warns  me  my  boy  Ascanius,too,  and  the  wrong  to  his  dear  head. 

Whom  I  defraud  of  Hesperia's  realm  and  his  fated  possessions.  355 

Now,  too,  the  deities'  herald,  commissioned  by  Jupiter's  own  self — 

Swear  I  by  both  of  our  heads — hath,  down  on  the  volatile  breezes. 

Brought  me  his  mandates:  the  deity  saw  I  myself  in  the  clear  light 

Enter  the  walls,  and  I  drank  with  these  ears  in  the  voice  of  his  message. 

Cease  then  both  me  and  thyself  to  inflame  by  thy  querulous  charges:  360 

Not  self-willed  do  I  follow  Italia: — 

Thus  as  he  speaks  for  awhile  she  scornfully  gazes  upon  him. 
Rolling  her  eyes  round  hither  and  thither,  and  over  his  whole  form 
Roaming  with  taciturn  glances,  and  thus  she  impassioned  berates  him: 
"  Traitor,  thy  parent  was  never  a  goddess,  nor  Dardanus  ever  365 

Sire  of  thy  race;  but  Caucasus,  bristling  with  ruggedest  rock-cliffs. 
Gat,  and  Hyrcanian  tigresses,  crouching  their  udders,  have  nursed  thee. 
Why  do  I  need  to  disguise,  or  reserve  me  for  crueller  insults  ? 
Heaved  he  a  sigh  at  our  weeping,  or  turned  he  his  eyes  to  regard  me  ? 
Has  he  relentingly  yielded  to  tears,  or  pitied  me  loving?  370 

What,  and  to  whom,  shall  I  offer  ?     No  more  does  imperial  Juno, 
Nor  her  Saturnian  father,  these  doings  impartially  notice: 
Faith  is  reposable  nowhere.     Stranded  in  need  on  my  seaboard, 
I,  in  my  folly,  received  him,  and  gave  him  a  share  in  my  kingdom: 
I  have  his  wrecked  fleet  saved,  and  from  death  I  have  rescued  his  comrades:  375 
O  I  am  carried  ablaze  by  the  furies  !     Now  augur  Apollo 
Warns,  now  Lycian  lots,  now,  commissioned  by  Jupiter's  own  self. 
Herald  of  gods  bears  horrible  mandates  down  on  the  breezes  ! 
Doubtless  this  labor  becomes  the  supernals  !     'i'hese  troubles  their  quiet 
Ruffles  !     I  neither  detain  thee,  nor  deign  a  reply  to  thy  speeches.  380 

Go,  and  Italia  wind-wafted  follow:  thy  kingdom  o'er  billows 
Seek;  but  I  hope,  if  vindictive  divinities  aught  can  accomj)lish. 
Thou  shalt  thy  punishment  drain  on  the  crags,  and  often  on  Dido's 
Name  thou  shalt  call,  and  I  absent  with  luridest  flames  will  pursue  thee. 
Even  when  ice-cold  death  shall  have  parted  my  soul  from  my  members,  385 


BOOK    IV.  yt 

Yet  as  a  ghost  I  will  everywhere  haunt  thee,  and,  wretch,  thou  «halt  tuflcr 

Doom  !     I  shall  hear  it  ;  the  story  shall  reach  me  in  regions  infcnuil  !" 

Short  with  these  words  she  her  s[>eec  h  hrc.iks  olf  in  the  midst,  and  the  (rcc  air 

Famtini^ly  rtecs  ;  and,  withilrawin^j  hcrscii  Irom  hi%  eyes  and  dc|Kirting, 

leaves  htm  imix'ded  l>y  many  a  fear,  and  with  many  an  answer  j90 

Waitinjf.     Her  female  attendants  supjxjrt,  and  her  |Mraiyzcd  mcml)crs 

Hear  to  her  chamlnrr  of  marhle,  and  lay  her  to  rest  on  the  couches. 

But  the  pious  w+Ineas,  thouKh  longing  to  lighten,  by  kindly 
S<K)ihing,  her  grief,  and  by  words  to  dis|>el  her  oppressive  furetxKJingSi 
Frequently  sighing,  and  staggered  in  soul  by  a  mighty  affection,  395 

Follows  no  less  the  commands  of  the  g(xls,  and  revisits  his  sipiadron. 
Then  of  a  truth  do  the  Teucrans  lay  to,  and  down  from  the  wh«iie  t>each 
Haul  out  the  towering  vessels  :  afloat  are  the  unctuous  lH>ttoms  ; 
Leafy  they  bring  from  the  forest  their  oars,  and  unshajxrn  the  oaken 
Spars  in  their  eager  haste  for  departure  : —  400 

Thou  canst  discern  them  migrating  and  rushing  from  all  of  the  city. 
Just  like  industrious  ants,  as  they,  making  provision  for  winter. 
Pillage  a  sizeable  grain-henp,  and  store  it  away  in  their  dwelling  : 
Sally  the  swarthy  stjuads  on  the  plains,  and  the  sjxjils  through  the  herbage 
Cart  in  a  narrow  trail  ;  while  a  portion  the  cuml)ers<jme  kernels  405 

Push  with  their  shoulders  against  them,  a  |X)rtion  are  urging  the  columns. 
Part  are  chastising  the  laggards,  the  whole  track  glows  with  the  scr>'ice. 
What  were  thy  feelings  then,  Dido,  in  gazing  on  such  a  commotion  ? 
What  were  the  sighs  thou  wast  heaving,  as  thou,  from  the  heights  of  the  castie. 
Widely  obser\'edst  the  sea-beach  glowing,  and  sawest  the  whole  main  410 

Mingled  before  thine  eyes  with  such  unaccountable  clamors  ? 
Infamous  love  I  to  what  dost  thou  urge  not  the  lx>soms  of  mi»rtals  ? 
Oft  is  she  forced  to  resort  to  tears,  and  again  by  entreaty 
Try  to  regain  him,  and  humbly  surrender  her  pride  to  affection, 
I^st  she  should  anything  leave  unatiempted  and  neetJIessly  perish.  415 

".\nna,  thou  seest  the  stir  all  over  the  beach  :  they  from  all  side» 
Round  have  convened,  and  already  their  canvas  is  wooing  the  brec/cs; 
Yea,  and  the^sailors  elated  have  garlands  arranged  on  the  stern-|X>st«. 
If  I  have  able  been  to  expect  so  excessive  a  st>rrow, 

I  shall  be  able,  my  sister,  to  l)car  it ;  yet  do  me  unhappy,  430 

Only  this  favor,  Anna  ;  for  thee  alone  docs  that  traitor 
Cherish,  and  thee  he  entrusts  with  even  his  secret  emotions, 
Only  thou  knowest  the  man's  most  tender  approaches  and  moments, 
(io  thou,  my  sister,  and  humbly  bespeak  the  im|H'rioiis  focm.in  ; 
Tell  him  I  did  not  conspire  with  the  Danai  at  Aulis  the  Trojan  425 


72  THE    ^NEID. 

Nation  to  crush,  nor  did  I  to  Pergamus  send  out  a  squadron, 

Nor  have  I  troubled  the  ashes  and  ghost  of  his  father,  Anchises  ; 

Why  does  he  grudge  to  allow  my  appeals  to  enter  his  deaf  ears  ? 

Where  does  he  rush  ?     Let  him  grant  to  a  lover  this  final  concession^; 

Let  him  await  but  an  easy  escape  and  the  carrying  breezes.  430 

Plead  I  no  longer  our  early  espousals  in  which  he  betrayed  me  ; 

Nor  that  he  beautiful  Latium  lose  and  relinquish  his  kingdoms  : 

Crave  I  but  trivial  time,  and  a  respite,  and  space  for  my  frenzy, 

Till  my  calamity  teach  me  as  vanquished  to  smother  my  sorrow. 

Only  this  final  indulgence  I  ask — O  pity  thy  sister  ; —  435 

Grant  me  but  this,  and  at  death  I  amply  in  turn  will  repay  thee." 

Such  were  her  prayers,  and  such  the  laments  that  her  sorrowful  sister 
Carries  and  carries  again  :     But  he  is  by  no  lamentations 
Moved,  nor  deigns  he  to  listen  complacent  to  any  addresses. 

Fates  are  opposed,  and  a  god  shuts  sympathy's  ear  in  the  hero  ;  440 

Just  as  when  Alpine  gales  are  contending  the  one  with  the  other. 
Blowing  now  hither,  now  thither,  alternate  to  root  up  an  oak-tree. 
Strong  in  its  veteran  vigor  :  there  issues  a  roar,  and  its  lofty 
Leaves,  by  the  violent  jar  of  its  trunk,  bestrewing  the  woodland; 
Firm  it  adheres  to  the  rocks,  and  with  summit  as  high  as  it  skyward  445 

Mounts,  so  deep  by  its  roots  it  downward  to  Tartarus  reaches: 
So  is  the  hero,  on  this  side  and  that  by  her  ceaseless  entreaties. 
Buffeted,  while  in  his  great  heart  keenly  he  feels  her  distresses; 
Moveless  his  purpose  remains;  her  tears  roll  down  unavailing. 

Then,  of  a  truth,  distracted  by  fates,  does  disconsolate  Dido  450 

Pray  for  death;  it  disgusts  her  to  gaze  on  the  concave  of  heaven. 
That  she  may  better  accomplish  her  scheme  and  abandon  the  daylight, 
Sees  she,  when  there  she  was  placing  her  gifts  on  the  altars  of  incense. 
Horrid  to  utter  !  the  hallowed  libations  assuming  a  blackness; 
Sees,  too,  the  outpoured  wines  converted  to  hideous  blood-clots;  455 

But  she  mentions  to  no  one  the  vision,  not  e'en  to  her  sister 
Furthermore  there  stood  built  in  her  mansions  a  temple  of  marble. 
Shrined  to  her  primitive  spouse,  which  she  cherished  with  wonderful  honor, 
Tufted  with  snow-white  fillets  of  wool  and  a  festival  garland. 
Out  of  this  voices  seemed  to  be  heard,  and  the  tones  of  her  husband,  460 

Calling,  when  shadowy  night  was  the  earth  in  its  regency  holding. 
Lone  on  the  house-tops  also  the  owl  in  funereal  cadence 
Often  would  hoot,  and  its  long-drawn  tones  would  prolong  as  in  wailing. 
Further  the  many  predictions  alike  of  the  earlier  prophets 
Fright  her  with  terrible  warning:  in  dreams  does  JEntas  himself,  top,  465 


BOOK    IV.  73 

Savagely  drive  her  to  frenzy.     She  seems  as  if  always  abandonee!, 

Lone  by  herself,  and  always  unrclinucd  K^'^K  '"*  dreary 

Journey,  anil  seekinjj  her  Tyrians  far  in  some  desolate  rejfion: 

Just  as  Pantheus  sees  in  his  madness  the  hosts  of  the  furies 

Round,  and  a  two-fold  sun,  and  'rhet)es  as  if  double,  arising;:  470 

Or  Agamemnon's  offspring  Orestes,  when  driven  m  stagc-scenrs, 

Flies  from  his  mother  pursuing  him,  armed  with  her  torches,  and  frightful 

Serpents,  while  vengeful  demons  as  sentinels  sit  on  the  threshold. 

Therefore  when  she,  overcome  by  her  grief,  has  admitte<l  the  funcs, 
And  has  determined  to  die,  she  works  out  the  time  and  the  mcth«xl  475 

All  by  herself;  ami  accosting  in  parlance  her  sorrowful  sister. 
Masks  her  design  in  her  visage,  and  lights  up  a  hope  on  her  forehead: 
*•  I  have  discovered,  my  sister,  the  way — rejoice  with  thy  sister — 
Which  may  restore  him  to  me,  or  release  me  from  him  as  a  lover. 
Just  on  the  lx)und  of  the  ocean,  and  just  on  the  verge  of  the  sunset,  480 

Lies  Ethiopia's  farthest  limit,  where  mightiest  .Atlas 
Poises  the  poles  on  his  shoulders  bestudded  with  radiant  planets: 
There  has  been  shown  me  a  priestess  from  thence,  of  Massylian  nation. 
Guard  of  HesjK*rides*  temple,  and  who  was  its  feasts  to  the  dragon 
Wont  to  provide,  and  who  guarded  the  sacred  boughs  of  the  gold-tree,  485 

^Sprinkling  the  viands  with  liquid  honey  and  soporous  poppy. 
She,  by  her  incantations  professes  to  free  from  enthrallment 
Minds  as  she  wills,  and  inflicts  unendurable  troubles  on  others; 
Stagnate  the  waters  in  rivers,  and  turn  back  stars  in  their  courses, 
Conjure  the  ghosts  of  the  dead  in  the  night-time.     Thou  wilt  the  earth  sec       490 
Rumble  beneath  thy  feet,  and  dc^cend  from  the  mountain  the  ash-trees. 
Call  I,  dear  sister,  to  witness  the  gods  and  thee,  and  thine  own  sweet 
Head,  that  I  gird  me  reluctantly  thus  with  appliance  of  magic. 
Do  thou  in  secret  erect  me  a  pyre  'neath  the  sky  in  the  inner 
Court  of  our  mansion,  and  on  it  the  arms  of  the  man,  which  the  villain  495 

Left  in  his  chamber  suspended,  and  all  that  he  wore,  and  the  nuptial 
Couch,  whereon  I  was  ruined,  heap;  for  I  want  to  alK)lish 
All  the  detestable  fellow's  mementoes:  the  priestess  directs  it." 
Having  said  these  she  is  still:  at  once  pallidness  mantles  her  features, 
.•\nna,  however,  suspects  not,  that  under  these  singular  rites  her  500 

Sister  a  funeral  screens,  nor  does  she  conceive  of  such  frenzies 
Dire  m  her  mind,  nor  fear  aught  worse  than  the  death  of  SychxQs; 

_Hence  she  olx\vs  the  injunctions: —  (yard. 

Meanwhile  the  queen,  when  the  pyre  has  licen  reared  in  the  innermost  court- 
Open  to  sky-light,  and  bulky  with  pine-knots  and  faggots  of  holly,  505 


74  THE    ^NEID. 

Festoons  with  garlands  the  spot,  and  with  sombre  funereal  leafage 
Crowns  it.     Above,  on  the  couch,  she  arranges  the  relics,  his  broadsword 
Left,  and  his  effigy,  not  unaware  of  the  tragical  future. 
Altars  around  it  stand,  and  the  priestess,  with  tresses  dishevelled, 
Loudly  her  three  hundred  deities  thunders,  and  Erebus,  Orcus,  510 

Twin-born  Hecate  calls,  and  the  three  faced  virgin  Diana. 
Liquors  she  duly  had  sprinkled  as  if  from  the  fount  of  Avernus  ; 
Sought  are  the  herbs,  that  were  mown  with  brazen  sickles  by  moonlight, 
Covered  with  down,  and  filled  with  the  milk  of  a  virulent  poison  ; 
Sought  no  less  is  a  love-charm,  torn  from  the  brow  of  a  new-foaled  515 

Colt  ere  its  mother  had  seized  it: — 

Dido  herself,  with  the  meal  in  her  pious  hands  by  the  altars. 
Having  divested  one  foot  of  its  ties,  and  in  raiment  ungirded, 
Summons,  determined  on  death,  as  her  witnesses,  gods  and  the  planets. 
Conscious  of  fate;  then  prays  the  divinity  righteous  and  mindful,  520 

If  such  there  be  that  hath  charge  of  those  lovers  unequally  mated. 
i.»^        Night  was  abroad,  and  toil  worn  bodies  were  taking  a  peaceful 
Sleep  through  the  lands,  and  have  quieted  down  the  forests  and  raging 
Waters;  when  planets  are  round  in  the  midst  of  their  orbit  revolving; 
When  every  field  is  still,  and  the  flocks  and  the  gorgeous  wild-fowls —  525 

Those  that  at  large  on  the  watery  lakes,  and  those  that  on  uplands 
Shaggy  with  brambles  reside — were  at  roost  in  the  silence  of  midnight, 
Soothing  with  slumber  their  cares,  while  their  hearts  are  forgetting  their  troubles. 
But  not  so  the  Phoenician  unhappy  in  soul,  she  is  never 

Sunken  in  slumbers,  and  ne'er  to  her  eyes  or  her  bosom  the  night-time  530 

Welcomes:  her  cares  but  redouble,  and  love  in  recurrency  rising 
Rages,  and  restless  she  heaves  with  a  mighty  tide  of  resentments. 
So  then  she  sets  in,  and  thus  with  her  heart  in  soliloquy  muses: 
*■  What  am  I  doing  ?  Again  shall  I  try,  though  derided,  my  former 
Suitors,  and  humbly  as  suppliant  seek  of  Numidians  marriage,  535 

Though  I  so  often  already  have  deemed  them  unworthy  as  husbands  ? 
Shall  I,  then,  Ilian  fleets,  and  the  absolute  bidding  of  Teucrans, 
Follow,  because  they  are  glad  of  relief  by  my  succor  aforetime. 
And  that  gratitude  stays  with  them  well  remembering  the  old  boon  ? 
Grant  I  am  willing,  but  who  will  permit  or  receive  me  detested  540 

Into  their  arrogant  barks  ?  Ah  !  lost  one  knowest  thou  not,  nor 
Yet  perceivest  the  perjury  base  of  Laumedon's  nation? 
What  then  !  shall  I  alone  betake  me  in  flight  to  the  shouting 
Tars,  or  with  Tyrians,  yea  by  the  whole  band  thronged  of  my  subjects 
Charge  them  ?    And  those  whom  I  all  but  tore  from  the  city  of  Sidon  545 


BOOK   IV.  75 

Ixail  aj^ain  scaw'nrd.  atui  hul  thrm  unfurl  thcit  s.iii-»  t<i  ihc  f 

Die,  as  thou  nuritcsl  ralhtr,  ami  end  ihy  iliHtrt-s»  with  the  |>- 

Ihou,  ovcrcDmc  by  my  tears,  my  sister,  ye*,  thou  from  the  outset 

Loadcst  me  dazed  with  these  woes,  and  thrustesl  me  on  to  the  focman. 

l.uck  was  not  mine  to  frit  aw-ay  life  unconsorted  in  wcdl(x:k  550 

Guileless,  in  style  of  a  hrute,  and  not  touch  such  unmerciful  troubles! 

Kaith  was  not  kept  which  I  solemnly  pledged  to  the  dust  of  Sychx-tis  ! " 

Such  were  the  plaints  she  wasventin>j  convulsively  «nt  of  her  liosom. 

Certain  of  ^oin^j,  /Kncas  was  now  aloft  on  the  |KM)p-deck 
Taking  a  nap,  his  arranjjcments  l)einv:  now  duly  completetl;  555 

When  lo  !  the  deity's  form,  returning  the  same  in  his  visage. 
Met  him  in  dreams,  and  again,  as  l>efore,  he  ap|x.'are<I  to  forewarn  him, 
Mercur)'-like  in  every  respect,  in  his  voice  and  complexion, 
Like  him  in  auburn  locks  and  the  graceful  members  of  manh«)«Hl: 
•*  Goddess- born,  in  this  exigence  canst  thou  continue  thy  sluml>ers  ?  560. 

Seest  thou  not  what  perils  will  presently  circle  around  thee  ? 
Lunatic,  hearest  thou  not  that  the  zephyrs  are  breathing  propitious  ? 
She  is  devising  a  plot,  and  a  terrible  crime  in  her  bosom. 
Purposing  death,  and  she  heaves  with  a  various  tide  of  resentments. 
Dost  thou  not  flee  hence  headlong,  whilst  there  is  power  to  hasten  ?  565 

Soon  thou  wilt  see  the  entire  sea  surge  with  her  crafts,  and  her  ruthless 
Firebrands  flash,  and  the  shores  soon  all  in  a  blaze  with  the  burnings. 
If  but  Aurora  o'crtake  thee  loitering  still  in  these  regions  I 
Stir  thee  and  break  this  delay,  for  a  fickle  and  changeable  creature 
Ever  is  woman  I  "     When  thus  he  had  spoken,  he  vanished  in  midnight.  570 

"^        Then  does  .4ilneas  in  sooth,  by  the  suildcn  spectres  affrighted. 
Startle  his  body  from  slumber,  and  hastily  rally  his  comrades: 
"  Instantly  wake  up,  men,  and  take  to  your  seats  on  the  l)cnchcs; 
Speedily  shake  out  the  sails  I  for  a  deity  sent  from  the  lofty 

/Kther  again  to  hasten  departure  and  sever  the  twisted  575 

Hawsers,  incites  we.     We  follow  thee,  ()  thou  of  deities  holy, 
Whosoever  thou  art:  we  once  more  gladly  obey  thine  injunctions; 
Only  l)e  present  and  graciously  aid,  and  the  planets  in  heavens 
Render  auspicious!"     He  spake,  and  forth  from  its  scabbard  his  flashing 
Falchion  draws,  and  with  keen  steel  severs  the  cables  asunder:  580 

Like  zeal  seizes  them  all,  anil  they  also  are  drawing  and  rushing: 
They  have  deserted  the  shores:  down  under  the  -<-  -  '•'••i>ns  the  main  lurks: 
Tugging  they  spurt  up  the  spray,  and  sweep  the  i  n  waters. 

And  now  early  ■■Xurora  with  radiance  fresh  was  the  headlands 
Strewing  profusely  in  quitting  the  satfron  couch  of  Tithonus.  5S5 


76  THE    ^NEID. 

Then,  as  the  queen,  from  her  look-out,  dawning  the  earliest  daylight 

Sees,  and  the  fleet  with  its  sails  on  an  equipoise  even  proceeding  ; 

Sees,  too,  the  shores  and  the  harbors  deserted  and  void  of  a  rower, 

Thrice  with  her  hand,  yea  four  times,  smiting  her  beauteous  bosom, 

Tearing  her  auburn  tresses  the  while  :  "  O  Jupiter,  quoth  she,  590 

Shall  this  adventurer  go,  and  impunely  have  mocked  our  dominions  ? 

Will  they  not  armor  adjust,  and  from  all  the  city  pursue  him  ? 

Will  not  some  from  the  dockyards  launch  me  the  shipping  ?     Avaunt  ye  ; 

Quick  bring  fire-brands,  furnish  the  weapons,  and  urge  on  the  rowers. 

What  am  I  saying?     Or  where  am  I  ?  Whafmadness  disorders  my  reason?     595 

Luckless  Dido  !     O  now  do  thine  impious  practices  touch  thee  ! 

Then  were  it  fitting  when  yielding  thy  sceptre  !     His  hand  and  his  honor 

See,  who  they  tell  me  is  carrying  with  him  his  national  home-gods, 

His,  who  upbore  on  his  shoulders  his  parent  decrepit  with  old  age  ! 

Had  I  not  power  to  seize  and  dismember  his  body  and  strew  it  600 

Over  the  billows  ?     No  power  to  remove  with  the  sabre  his  comrades  ? 

None  to  serve  up  Ascanius*  self  as  a  feast  on  his  father's 

Table?     But  doubtful  had  been  the  event  of  the  battle — it  would  so — 

Whom  have  I  dying  to  fear  ?     In  his  camps  I  could  torches  have  scattered, 

Aye,  could  have  filled  all  his  hatches  with  flames  and  the  son  and  the  father    605 

Quenched  with  the  race,  and,  moreover,  have  given  myself  as  a  victim. 

Sun,  who  with  flames  all  works  of  the  lands  in  thy  circuit  illumest  ; 

Thou,  too,  O  Juno,  who  art  the  diviner  and  witness  of  all  these 

Troubles,  and  Hecate  howled  through  the  city  by  night  in  the  cross-ways  : 

You,  ye  avenging  furies,  ye  gods  of  the  dying  Elissa,  610 

Take  ye  these  presents,  and  visit  your  merited  wrath  on  the  evils  ; 

Here  ye  our  prayer  !     O,  if  it  must  be  that  this  infamous  fellow  1 

Land  in  a  harbor  and  float  on  safe  to  the  land  of  his  longing, 

And,  if  Jupiter's  fates  so  demand,  and  this  end  is  inherent. 

Yet,  may  he,  wasted  by  war  and  the  arms  of  a  resolute  people,  615 

Banished  afar  from  his  confines,  and  torn  from  embrace  of  liilus, 

Sue  for  assistance,  and  honorless  burial    see  of  his  kindred  ; 

May  he,  too,  when  to  the  terms  of  an  unjust  peace  he  shall  yield  him. 

Never  enjoy  his  domains,  nor  the  coveted  light  of  a  long  life, 

But  may  he  fall  ere  his  day,  and  unburied  lie  out  on  the  mid  strard.  620 

This  is  my  prayer  :    I  pour  out  this  final  appeal  with  my  life-blood. 

Then,  O  ye  Tyrians,  follow  his  line  and  the  whole  of  his  future 

Race  with  aversion,  and  this  as  an  offering  down  to  my  ashes 

Send  ;  with  the  nations  let  amity  never  exist,  nor  alliance  ! 

Rise  thou  out  of  my  moldering  bones  some  future  avenger,  625 


B(K>K    IV.  77 

Who  shall  pursue  with  the  ion  h  and  \hv  hiccI  the  Dardanian  ncttlcr». 
Now  and  htTfaftcr,  whcnrvrr  the  mij^'ht  shall  arcrur  for  the  issue; 
Shores  unto  shores,  and  surj^es  losurj^es,  and  armor  to  armfir, 
Counter  I  pray  :  may  they  fi^ht  with  each  other,  thems<"lvc»  and  descendants  '  " 
Ihus  she  exclaims,  and  was  plyinj{  her  mind  m  every  direction,  630 

Seeking  how  she  may  earliest  dash  out  the  odious  daylight. 
Then  she  briefly  addressed  her  to  Barce,  the  nurse  of  SycharQs — 
Kor  the  dark  dust  treasured  her  own  in  her  primitive  home-lanti 
"  Nurse,  my  darling,  go  tjuirkly  and  bring  mc  here  Anna,  my  st>ici  , 
Tell  her  to  hurry,  and  sprinkle  her  body  with  fluvial  water  ;  635 

Let  her  fetch  with  her  the  sheep  and  the  offerings  shown  by  the  priestess. 
So  let  her  come,  and  with  pious  fillets  envelope  her  temples. 
Rites  to  the  Stygian  Jove,  which  I  duly  beginning  have  started, 
I  have  a  mind  to  complete,  and  a  [)eriod  put  to  my  troubles, 

^And  the  Dardaman  miscreant's  pyre  to  consign  to  a  bonfire."  640 

So  she  exclaims,  and  the  nurse  with  old-womanish  zeal  was  her  footstep 
Speeding,  but  Ditio,  all  trembling,  and  wild  by.her  frightful  achievements. 
Rolling  her  blood-shot  eyes,  and  her  quivering  cheeks  with  discolored 
Blotches  suffused,  and  deathly  pale  from  the  ominous  death-scene. 
In  through  the  inner  doors  of  her  mansion  bursts,  and  in  maddened  645 

Frenzy  ascends  the  imposing  pyre,  and  unscabbards  the  Dardan's 
Sword,  a  bestowment  entreated  for  no  such  tragical  ser\'ice. 
Here,  though,  after  she  round  on  the  Ilian  vestures  and  well-known 
Sofa  has  gazed,  she,  pausing  a  moment  in  tears  and  reflection. 
Threw  herself  down  on  the  couch,  and  these  farewell  sentences  uttered  :  650 

•*  Precious  mementoes,  while  fates  and  deity  so  were  allowing. 
Welcome  this  soul,  and  release  me  from  these  unendurable  troubles: 
I  have  lived,  and  have  finished  the  course  which  fortune  assignetl  me  ; 
So  now  under  the  earth  shall  my  phantom  go  down  in  its  grandeur  ; 
I  have  erected  a  glorious  city,  and  gazed  on  its  ramparts  ;  655 

Husband  avenging,  have  pay  from  his  foeman,  my  brother,  exacted  : 
Happy,  alas  !  but  too  happy  in  life  I  had  been,  if  but  only 
Never  Dardapian  keels  had  unluckily  touched  on  our  sea-lxiards ! '* 
I  Sj>ake  she,  and  pressing  her  face  on  the  couch,  '*  shall  wc  die  unrequited  ? 
Hut  we  must  die  I  "  She  exclaims,  "so,  so  bids  he  me  go  'neath  the  shadows  !  660 
Yes,  let  the  Dardan,  with  pitiless  eyes,  this  fire  on  the  deep-sea 
Drink,  and  away  with  him.  carry  the  omens  of  d(H)m  in  our  <!  ^ 

So  had  she  sfxjken  ;  but  nght  m  the  midst  of  her  words  her  .i;> uts 

Look  up,  and  see  her  collapsed  on  the  steel,  and  the  sword  with  her  gore-drops 
Dripping,  her  hand  with  it  all  lK:s|vittercd  !     A  shriek  through  the  lofty  665 


78  THE    ^NEID. 

Colonnades  rings  ;  the  report  spread  wild  through  the  horrified  city. 
Loudly  with  wailings,  and  moanings,  and  feminine  howlings  the  mansions 
Echo  ;  the  welkin  resounds  with  the  uncontrollable  mournings  ; 
Even  as  if  all  Carthage,  or  primitive  Tyrus,  with  rampant 

Foemen  inrushing,  had  fallen,  and  flames  unchecked  in  their  fury,  670 

Rolling  at  random  o'er  roofs  of  men  and  the  deities'  temples. 
Breathless  her  sister  has  heard  it,  and  frightened  in  flustered 
Running,  and  marring  her  face  with  her  nails  and  her  bosom  with  fist-blows. 
Rushes  right  on  through  their  midst,  by  name  on  the  dying  she  calls  out : 
"  Dearest  sister,  was  this  it?     Wast  seeking  by  guile  to  entrap  me  ?  675 

This  what  yon  pyre,  and  this  what  the  fires  and  the  altars  were  boding  ? 
What  shall  I  desolate  chide  thee  for  first?     And  didst  thou,  in  dying. 
Spurn  then  thy  sister's  attendance?     Thou  shouldst  have  me  to  the  same  fate 
Called,  and  by  steel  had  the  same  pang  and  same  hour  have  carried  us  both  oft'. 
Did  I  with  these  hands  build  it,  and  call  with  my  voice  on  my  country's  680 

Gods,  that  when  thou  thus  laid  I  should  be  cruelly  absent? 
Thou  hast,  my  sister,  extinguished  J^oth  thee  and  me  and  thy  people, 
_  Fathers  of  Sidon,  and  thine  own  city  :  O  let  me  with  water 
Bathe  the  wounds,  and  if  aught  still  hovers  of  lingering  life-breath. 
Let  me  it  catch  on  my  lips."     She  had  spoken  and  mounted  the  lofty  685 

Steps,  and  was  clasping  her  half-dead  sister  in  loving  embraces, 
Heaving  a  moan,  and  striving  to  stanch  with  her  vesture  the  black  gore. 
Dido  attempted  to  lift  up  her  drooping  eyes,  but  again  sags 
Back  ;  the  inflicted  wound  but  gurgles  deep  down  in  her  bosom. 
Thrice  she  uplifting,  and,  leaning,  supported  herself  on  her  elbow  :  690 

^Thrice  rolled  back  on  the  couch,  and  sought  with  her  wandering  eye-balls 
^ight  from  the  lofty  heaven,  and  loudly  groaned  as  she  found  it. 

Then  the  omnipotent  Juno  her  long-borne  sorrow  and  painful 
Exit  in  sympathy  pitying.  Iris  adown  from  Olympus 

Sends  to  release  her  struggling  soul  from  the  joints  that  entwine  it,  695 

Since  it  was  neither  by  fate  nor  a  merited  death  she  was  dying. 
But  in  despair  ere  her  day,  and  inflamed  by  a  sudden  distraction, 
Proserpine  had  not  yet  token  away  from  her  forehead  the  flaxen 
Lock,  and  relentlessly  doomed  her  spirit  to  Stygian  Orcus  : 

Hence  on  her  saffron  pinions  the  dew-clad  Iris  from  heaven,  70c 

Trailing  a  thousand  diversified  hues  from  the  opposite  sunbeams. 
Flitted,  and  stood  overhead  :  "  By  commandment  this  sacred 
Token  I  carry  to  Pluto,  and  out  of  that  body  release  thee." 
So  she  exclaims,  and  with  right  hand  severs  the  lock  ;  in  an  instant 
Glided  the  glow,  and  its  life  on  the  winds  hath  forever  departed.  705 


• 


BOOK  V. 


Sailing  from  Carthage,  tineas,  on  arriving  at  Drepannm's  harbor. 
Holds  auuiversary  games  at  the  tomb  of  his  father,  Auchises, 

NfEANWHii.E  now  with  his  squadron  .^^neas  was  hoUling  his  mid-way, 
Firm  in  his  purpose,  and,  cleavinj^  the  billows  made  black  by  the  north-wind. 
Back  on  the  battlements  Razing,  which  now  with  unhappy  Klissa's 
Flames  are  refulgently  gleaming  ;  yet  what  was  the  cause  that  had  kindled 
Fires  so  immense  was  unknown  :  but  the  agonized  throes  when  a  mighty  5 

Love  is  debased,  and  the  knowledge  of  what  an  infuriate  woman 
Can  do,  induce  a  foreboding  of  gloom  in  the  breasts  of  the  Teucrans. 

Soon  as  his  barks  have  the  broad  deep  reached,  and  the  land  is  no  longer 
Anywhere  looming,  but  every whert  seas  and  everywhere  heaven, 
Over  his  head  there  impended  a  darkly  cerulean  rain-cloud,  to 

Bringing  on  night  and  a  storm,  and  the  wave  has  grown  rough  in  the  darknesv. 
Shouts  I'alinurus  the  pilot  himself,  from  aloft  on  the  poop-deck  ; 
Utckaday  !  Wherefore  have  clouils  so  [»rtentous  enshrouded  the  welkin  ? 
What,  father  Neptune,  hast  thou  in  tow."     Then  having  thus  spoken. 
Bids  he  them  shorten  the  sails,  and  to  lay  right  down  to  the  stout  oar» :  15 

Sets  he  the  mainsail  oblique  to  the  wind,  and  thus  he  discourses: 
"  Noble  /Kneas,  not  even  if  Jove  sh(nild  himself,  as  the  s|X)nsor, 
Promise  it,  could  I  Italia  ho|)e  to  attain  in  this  weather. 
Shifted  athwart  us  are  raging,  and  out  of  an  el>ony  sunset 

Rising  in  mass  arc  the  winds,  and  the  air  is  condensed  into  N'apor.  ao 

We  are  not  even  sufficient  to  buffet,  much  less  to  make  headway 
Merely  ;  since  Fortune  o'erpoYers   us,  let  us  submissively  follow  : 
I^t  us  our  course  veer  whither  she  l)cckt)ns.     Not  far  arc  the  scacoasts 
Trusty,  fraternal  of  Kryx,  I  ween,  and  Sicanian  harlxirs. 
If  I  in  mind  but  correctly  remeasure  the  stars  as  remembered.'  15 

79 


8o  THE    ^NEID. 

Then  said  the  pious  .^neas  :  "And  I,  too,  have  noticed  for  sometime 
Winds  so  require,  and  observe  thee  abortively  striving  against  them  : 
Vary  the  course  with  the  sails  ;  can  there  be  to  me  any  more  grateful 
Land,  or  any  to  which  I  had  rather  repair  with  our  storm-beat 
Ships  than  the  land  that  possesses  our  ally,  the  Dardan  Acestes,  30 

And  in  its  bosom  encloses  the  bones  of  my  father,  Anchises?" 
When  these  words  have  been  spoken  they  steer  for  the  harbor,  and  welcome 
Zephyrs  are  stretching  the  sails,  and  the  fleet  is  apace  o'er  the  surges 
Borne,  and  at  length  they  elated  are  moored  to  the  notable  sand  beach. 

But  from  afar  on  a  lofty  peak  of  the  mountain,  Acestes  35 

Wondered  at  seeing  approaching  the  barks  of  his  allies,  and  meets  them 
Bristling  with  javelins,  and  clad  in  the  hide  of  a  Libyan  she-bear. 
Him  did  his  Trojan  mother,  conceived  by  the  river  Crimisus, 
Bear,  and  he,  not  unmindful  indeed  of  his  primitive  parents. 

Greets  us  returning,  and  joyfully,  out  of  his  rural  resources,  40 

Welcomes  us  back,  and  consoles  us  aweary  with  friendly  assistance. 

When  on  the  morrow  a  bright  clear  day  had  with  earliest  sunrise 
Routed  the  stars,  from  the  whole  sea-beach  does  ^neas  his  comrades 
Summon  in  council,  and  thus  from  the  bank  of  a  mound  he  harangues  them  : 
"  Dardanus'  mighty  descendants,  a  race  from  the  deities'  high  blood,  45 

Months  in  their  order  accomplished  the  round  of  the  year  is  completed, 
Since  the  day  we  consigned  the  remains  and  the  bones  of  my  sainted 
Parent  to  earth,  and  enshrined  to  his  memory  altars  of  mourning. 
Now,  if  I  err  not,  the  day  is  at  hand,  which  I  ever  as  grievous. 
Ever  as  honored  will  keep — Ah  !  so  have  ye  deities  willed  it !  50 

If  I  an  exile  were  spending  this  day  in  Gastulian  quicksands. 
Or  if  surprised  in  Argolican  sea,  or  the  city  Mycenae, 
Still  I  my  annual  vows,  and  a  solemn  procession  in  order, 
There  would  observe,  and  his  altars  endow  with  appropriate  presents : 
Now  unawares  we  are  here  near  the  ashes  and  bones  of  my  parents,  55 

Not  without  purpose,  I  ween,  not  devoid  of  the  deities*  sanction, 
Present,  and  hitherward  wafted  we  enter  the  harbor  of  allies. 
Come  then,  and  let  us  all  celebrate  duly  the  joyous  occasion  ; 
Let  us  appease  the  winds,  and  so  may  he  suffer  me  yearly. 

Founding  a  city,  to  tender  these  rites  in  his  consecrate  temples.  60 

Two  head  of  cattle  apiece  to  the  vessels  by  number  Acestes, 
Troja-begotten,  presents  you.     Your  home-gods  bid,  and  your  country's 
Gods,  and  the  gods  whom  your  host  Acestes  adores,  to  the  banquets. 
Further,  if  haply  the  ninth  Aurora  shall  usher  a  pleasant 
Day  unto  mortals,  and  fair  shall  uncover  the  world  tu  the  sunbeams,  65 


BOOK    V.  81 

I  will  prop<)sc  to  the  Teiicrans  contests,  first  of  the  swift-ihip»; 

WhoMJ  is  nimble  of  foot  in  the  race,  who  is  sturdy  m  vi-nr. 

Or  with  the  javelin  mantnivers  the  l)est,  or  with  fcithcry  arrrms  ; 

Aye,  or  who  vcntiirt-s  to  enter  a  fii^'ht  with  thr  jjaiintlet  of  r.iwhule — 

>''  he  on  hanil,  ami  expect  the  awartls  of  the  merited  palm-wreath,  70 

All  keep  solemnly  silent,  and  circle  your  tem|)les  with  chaplcts." 

So  having  sptiken  he  veils  with  his  mother's  myrtle  his  temples, 
Helymus  likewise,  and  likewise  Acestes  maturing  in  old  age. 
Youthful  Ascanius.  too,  whom  the  rest  of  the  juveniles  follow. 
He  from  the  council  was  going,  escorted  by  numerous  thousands,  7$ 

On  to  the  tomb  in  the  midst  of  a  mighty  encomjiassing  concourse. 
Thereat  he  duly  libative  a  couple  of  goblets  of  new-wine 
Pours  on  the  ground,  and  a  couple  of  fresh  milk,  a  couple  of  sacred 
Blood  ;  then  scatters  he  violet  blossoms,  and  thus  he  l)espeaks  him  : 
•*  Hail,  O  deified  parent  once  more,  and  hail  ye  his  ashes  80 

Rescued  in  vain,  and  hail  ye  spirits  and  shades  of  my  father  ' 
'Twas  not  allowed  me  to  search  for  Italia's  confines  and  destined 
Meadows  with  thee,  and,  whatever  it  be,  the  Ausonian  Thybris." 

Thus  had  he  s|X)ken,  when  out  of  the  innermost  shrine  an  enormous. 
Slippery  serjjent  has  trailed  il»  septuple  coils,  and  its  seven-folds,  85 

Calmly  embracing  the  tomb,  and  gliding  around  o'er  the  altars  ; 
Azure  the  streaks  on  its  back,  and  bespangled  a  glitter  was  kindling 
Brightly  its  scales  with  gold  ;  as  when  on  the  clouds  is  a  rainbow 
Flashing  its  thousands  of  changeable  hues  from  the  opposite  sun-light  : 
Stunned  at  the  sight  was  ^-Uneas.     The  serpent  at  length  in  a  l«»ng  tram  90 

Crawling  around  through  the  IkjwIs  of  libation,  and  delicate  wine-cups. 
Daintily  tasted  the  viands,  and  back  it  innocuous  into  the  inmost 
Tomb  has  retreated,  and  quitted  the  altars  whereon  it  had  feasted. 
At  this,  more  he  renews  to  his  sire  the  inaugural  honors. 

Dubious  whether  to  count  it  the  sprite  of  the  place,  or  his  parent's  95 

Guardian  spirit :  a  couple  of  yearling  ewes  he  of  custom 
Slays,  and  as  many  of  sows,  and  as  many  of  bullocks  with  jet-black 
liacks,  and  was  |xjuring  the  wine  from  the  bowls,  and  the  mighty  Anchises' 
Spirit  invoking — his  shades  remitted  from  Acheron's  purlieus. 
Likewise  his  comrades,  each,  as  his  means  would  allow  him,  elated  100 

Offer  their  presents,  and  load  down  the  altars,  and  sacrifice  bullocks  : 
Others  are  placing  the  caldrons  in  order,  and,  strown  on  the  green  soti. 
Thrusting  the  coals  'neath  the  spits,  and  roasting  the  tlesh  of  the  victims. 

Come  was  the  day  ex[K'cted,  and  Phaethon's  steetls  in  serenest 
Light  were  already  the  ninth  Aurora  inu&bermg  on  them  :  .c- 


82  THE    ^NEID. 

Famous  Aceste's  renown  and  name  had  the  neighboring  peoples 
Largely  attracted  :  they  crowd  on  the  shore  in  hilarious  concourse, 
Some  to  behold  the  yEneans,  and  others  prepared  for  the  contests. 
First  the  awards  to  the  eyes  of  them  all  are  displayed  in  the  central 
Space  of  the  circus,  the  sacred  tripods,  the  chaplets  of  green  leaves,  iic 

Branches  of  palm  as  a  prize  to  the  victors,  the  armor,  the  vestments 
Dyed  with  Tyrian  purple,  and  talent  of  gold  and  of  silver: 
Then,  from  the  central  stand,  a  trumpet  announces  the  games  set. 
First  with  their  ponderous  oars,  as  competitors,  enter  the  contest 
Four  of  the  finest  keels  selected  from  all  of  the  squadron.  1 15 

Mnestheus  with  spirited  crew  commands  the  velocitous  Pristis, 
Later  Italian  Mnestheus,  from  whom  is  the  Memmian  peerage; 
Gyas  commands  the  Chimera  enormous,  in  bigness  enormous, 
Huge  as  a  city,  which  Dardan  youth  on  a  triplet  of  benches 

Row,  and  their  oars  uprise  in  rowing  in  triplicate  order:  120 

Next  is  Sergestus,  from  whom  has  the  Sergian  family  title. 
Borne  in  his  lumbering  Centaur  :  and  next,  in  cerulean  Scylla, 
Follows  Cloanthus,  from  whom  is  thy  peerage,  O  Roman  Cluentus. 
^      Out  in  the  sea  at  a  distance  a  rock  stands  fronting  the  seashores 
•'F'oaming,  and  which  is  at  times  submerged  and  lashed  by  the  swollen  125 

Surf,  when  the  bleak  north-westers  of  winter  are  shrouding  the  planets  ; 
Still  when  the  weather  is  calm,  and  uplooms  as  a  plain  in  the  heaveless 
Billow,  a  spot  to  the  basking  cormorants  specially  welcome. 
Here  did  the  father  ^neas  a  green-leafed  goal  of  a  holm-oak 
Branch  set  up,  as  a  sign  to  the  sailors,  to  know  in  the  race-course  130 

Whence  to  return,  and  about  which  to  double  away  on  the  home-stretch. 
Then  they  select  their  positions  by  lot  :  on  the  sterns  are  the  captains 
Gleaming  afar  in  their  badges  of  gold  and  in  Tyrian  purple: 
Crowned  with  a  poplar  wreath  are  the  rest  of  the  youthful  contestants; 
Naked  their  shoulders,  and  smeared  with  oil  in  profusion  they  glisten.  135 

Seat  they  themselves  on  the  thwarts,  and,  with  arms  extended  for  rowing. 
Eagerly  wait  for  the  signal  to  start,  and  a  throbbing  excitement 
Thrills  their  exhilarant  hearts,  and  a  yearning  intense  for  the  prizes. 
Then,  when  the  clear-toned  trumpet  has  given  the  peal  for  the  starting, 
Haltless  they  all  have  leapt  forth  from  their  limits:  the  nautical  shouting  140 

Startles  the  welkin  ;   the  bay,  upturned  by  the  stroke  of  their  strained  arms, 
Foams,  as  they  side  by  side  cleave  open  their  furrows:  the  whole  main 
Yawns,  convulsed  by  the  oars  and  the  beaks  of  protuberant  tridents  : 
Not  so,  precipitous  even  in  matched-span  races  have  chariots 
Grappled  the  plain,  and  are  rushing  away  when  released  from  the  limits;  145 


BOOK    V.  83 

Not  »0  the  charioteers  their  wavy  reins  o'er  the  on  urjjed 

Tcuns  have  tlutlercd,  an<l  forward  incline  in  applynjjj  their  la»h-whi|>«. 

Iht-n,  with  the  tlappinn  and  chccnnjj  and  zest  of  the  favoring  backer», 

Rnins  each  j^rove,  and  the  land-lockctl  shores  the  revcrlHrranl  echo 

Roll,  and  the  resonant  hillocks  resound  with  the  Iwisterous  clamor.  150 

S|>ecdin^  in  front  of  the  others,  and  jj''din>{  away  on  the  first  wave, 

'Mid  the  bustle  and  cheerinj{  is  Ciyas  ;  then  next  him  Cloinlhus 

Follows  sujxirior  manned,  but  his  pine-hulk,  lardy  by  dead  weight, 

Laj^js  in  her  s|x.'e<l.      Behind  these  the  1'ristis  and  Ckntalk,  in  equal 

Distance,  are  siru)^'^'lin>j  each  to  attain  the  jxjsition  aheail  of  the  others:  t'' 

Now  has  the  I'Kisns  the  lead,  and  now  the  hujie  Ckntalk  her  rival 

Passes;  and  now  they  are  l>oth  borne  onward  abreast  with  their  prow-fronts 

'I'led,  and  with  lonjj  keel  plowing  the  briny  shallows  together. 

Now  they  were  nearing  the  rock  and  were  just  approaching  the  gt)al-point, 

When  in  the  van  and  a  victor,  yet  right  in  the  midst  of  a  whirlpool,  160 

t'.yas  upbraidingly  loudly  adtlresses  his  helmsman  Men<i;tes  : 

•*  Whither  away  so  far  to  the  starboard  ?     Hither  ilirect  her  ; 

Cling  to  the  shore,  let  the  oar-l)lades  graze  the  crags  to  the  larlward  ; 

Others  may  keep  to  the  deep."     He  spake  ;   but  suspicious  of  hidden 

Ledges  Menoetes  rounds  off  the  prow  to  the  waves  of  the  deep-sea.  165 

*•  Whither  away  again  ?     Steer  straight  for  the  ledges  Mencutes," 

Gyas  with  shout  was  recalling,  and  lo  I  he  discovers  Cloanthus 

Pressing  on  close  in  his  rear,  and  taking  the  innermost  passage, 

Right  in  between  the  galley  of  (iyiis,  and  th'  echoing  rock-reefs, 

Shears  he  his  way  inside  to  the  larboard,  and  shoots  of  a  sudden  170 

By  him  as  leader,  and,  leaving  the  goal,  is  attaining  the  safe  sea. 

rjien  of  a  truth  did  a  great  grief  glow  in  the  bones  of  the  young  man. 

Nor  did  his  cheeks  lack  tears,  and  he,  pitching  the  sluggish  Mencctes, 

Utterly  reckless  alike  of  his  rank  and  associate's  safety, 

Off  of  the  lofty  stern-deck  headlong  into  the  ocean,  I75 

Seizes  himself  the  helm  as  the  steersman,  and  himself  as  the  pilot 

Rallies  his  men,  and  wrenches  the  tiller  imjxitiently  shoreward. 

Meanwhile  scarcely  at  length  from  the  nethermost  bottom  Mcntetes 
Rose,  and  now  clumsy,  and  old,  and  dripping  in  saturate  garments, 
Steered  for  the  top  of  the  cliff,  and  seated  himself  on  the  dry  rock.  180 

Teucrans  derisively  laughed  at  him  falling,  and  laughetl  at  him  swimming — 
Laugh  at  him  too  as  he  vomits  the  salt  waves  out  of  his  Imsom. 
Hereupon  hope  was  enkindleil  elate  in  the  two  who  were  hindmost, 
Kven  Sergestus  and  .Mnestheus  to  |xiss  by  the  dallying  Clyiis. 
Foremost  Sergestus  seizes  the  place,  and  is  nearing  the  sharp  crag,  1^5 


84  THE    ^NEID. 

Yet  he  is  not  by  a  whole  keel's  length  outstretching  the  leader, 

Leading  in  part,  and  in  part  by  her  beak  does  his  rival  the  Pristis 

Lap  him,  but  Mnestheus,  pacing  his  ship  in  the  midst  of  his  comrades, 

Rallies  them  cheerily  saying:  "  Now  then,  arise  to  your  rowing. 

Comrades  of  Hector,  whom  T,  in  the  final  disaster  of  Troja,  190 

Chose  as  attendants,  put  ye  now  forth  those  redoubtable  efforts; 

Now  for  those  spirits  which  once  ye  employed  in  Gaetulian  quicksands, 

In  the  Ionian  sea,  and  the  hounding  waves  of  Malea: 

Not  for  the  first  prize,  I,  Mnestheus  now  aim,  nor  to  conquer  I  struggle; 

Though  O — but  let  those  attain  it,  O  Neptune,  to  whom  thou  hast  granted  :    195 

It  were  a  shame  to  have  come  in  the  last,  and,  my  citizen-comrades, 

Conquer  in  this,  and  avert  the  disgrace."     In  the  height  of  the  contest 

Forward  they  bend,  and  the  bronzed  stern  shakes  with  their  vigorous  oar-strokes. 

Drawn  underneath  is  the  main  :  then  laborious  breathing  their  joints  and 

Parched  lips  quiver,  and  sweat  all  over  them  courses  like  rivers.  200 

Accident  merely  secured  for  the  heroes  their  coveted  honor  ; 

For,  as  in  frenzy  of  spirit,  he  urges  his  prow  to  the  ledges, 

Farther  in  shore,  and  enters  too  narrow  a  channel,  Sergestus 

Lucklessly  struck  on  the  ledges  that  jutted  projectingly  outward. 

Jarred  are  the  rocks  by  the  shock,  and  the  oars,  on  a  spur  of  the  coral  205 

Striking,  were  shivered,  and  shattered  the  prow  hung  over  suspended. 

Uprise  the  sailors  together,  and  loiter  in  vehement  clamor, 

As  they  their  steel-tipped  boat-hooks,  and  pointedly  tapering  punt-poles 

Ply,  and  collect  in  the  broken  oars  from  the  surf  in  the  whirlpool. 

But  the  exhilarant  Mnestheus,  more  keen  by  his  very  advantage,  210 

Borne  by  the  nimble  platoon  of  the  oars,  and  invoking  the  breezes. 

Steers  for   the  shore-prone  seas,  and  runs  out  of  the  limitless  ocean  ; 

Just  as  a  pigeon  that  out  of  a  grotto  is  suddenly  startled, 

Which  has  a  home  and  precious  nests  in  the  honey-combed  tufa, 

Hurries  in  flight  to  the  meadows,  and  scared  from  her  cover  a  flapping  215 

Gives  with  her  wings,  and  then  instantly,  gliding  away  on  the  still  air, 

Skims  on  her  liquid  way,  and  moves  not  her  feathery  pinions  : 

So  speeds  Mnestheus,  and  so  does  the  Pristis  herself  through  the  last  waves 

Cleave,  so  even  her  impetus  wafts  her,  as  if  she  were  flying  ; 

And  he  at  once  deserts  Sergestus  aloof  on  the  high  crag  220 

Struggling,  and  calling  in  vain  for  assistance  amid  the  contracted 

Shallows,  and  learning  with  shattered  oars  how  to  run  in  a  boat-race. 

Thence  he  successfully  Gyas,  and  e'en  the  Chimera  of  huge  bulk 

Follows  :  she  fails  because  she  has  been  despoiled  of  her  helmsman. 

Only  Cloiinthus  now  is  remaining,  and  he  on  the  home-stretch  ;  225 


BOOK    V.  85 

Him  (Iocs  he  seek  and  prrsscs  him,  tug^nnjj  with  (Ic»prratc  efforts. 
Then  iloes  the  shoutmj^  redouble,  and  all  !)>•  their  rheer»  the  punioer 
Stimulate  on,  and  the  welkin  resounds  with  the  thunder  of  plaudits, 
These  are  cha^jrined  their  appropriate  glory  and  realized  honor 
Not  to  retain,  ami  would  willingly  barter  their  life  for  applauses:  230 

Those  their  success  but  incites:  they  are  able  Inicause  they  are  seen  to  l»c  able. 
Yea,  and  perchance  they  had  taken  the  prizes  with  l>eaks  on  an  even, 
Had  not  Cloanthus,  with  each  of  his  palms  outstretched  to  the  ocean. 
Poured  forth  prayers  and  in  vows  the  assistance  of  deities  summoned; 
"  Cicxis,  whose  sway  is  the  ocean,  on  whose  broad  plain  I  am  racing,  -Jt 

Gladly  to  you  will  I  out  on  the  beach,  and  in  front  of  your  altars. 
Offer  a  snow-white  bullock,  and,  bound  by  a  vow,  to  the  salt  waves 
Tender  the  entrails,  and  pour  out  the  glowing  wine  in  libation," 
Spake  he,  and  deep  down  under  the  billows  the  Nereids*  choir  all 
Heard  him,  and  choir  of  Phorcus,  and  Panoix-'ii  the  mermaid;  240 

Farther  Portunus  himself,  with  his  jwwerful  hand  as  she  cc^mes  on, 
Pushes  her  forward:  she  tleeter  than  feathery  arrow,  or  South-wind, 
SjJceds  to  the  land,  and  hath  hidden  herself  in  the  depths  of  the  harlwr. 
Then  does  the  son  of  Anchises,  when  all  are,  according  to  custom, 
Summoned,  proclaim  by  the  mighty  voice  of  a  herald,  Cloanthus  243 

Victor,  and  wreathes  his  temples  with  verdant  garland  of  laurel; 
And  he  allows  him  to  choose  three  bullocks,  and  wine,  and  a  massive 
Talent  of  silver  as  presents  to  carry  away  to  the  vessels. 
Now  on  the  captains  themselves  he  confers  their  distinguishing  honors; 
First  to  the  winner  a  gold-wrought  mantle,  around  which  abundant  250 

Ran  Melibcean  purple  in  duplicate  wavy  meander: 
Woven  within  it  is  royal  Ganymede  seen,  as  on  leafy 
Ida  he  worries  in  chase  with  his  javelin  the    rollicking  roebuck 
Kager,  as  one  who  is  panting;  whom  high  from  the  summit  of  Ida 
Jove's  swift  armor-l)earer  hath  seized  in  his  talony  clutches;  255 

Elderly  wardens  are  seen  uplifting  their  hantls  to  the  planets 
Vainly,  and  vainly  the  barking  of  dogs  is  assailing  the  welkin. 
Put  to  the  oqe,  who  in  turn  has  attained  by  his  merit  the  second 
Place,  he  a  corslet  injointed  in  gold  with  its  delicate  triple 

Rings,  which  himself  from  Demoleiis  hatl,  on  the  banks  of  the  rapid  260 

Simols,  close  by  im}x;nal  Ilium,  strip|x:d  as  a  victor. 
Gives  for  the  hero  to  wear  as  a  badge  and  protection  in  battle: 
Scarce  were  his  servants  Phegeus  anil  Sagaris  able  to  l>ear  it. 
Fold  u\xm  fold,  on  their  shoulders,  yet  m  it  Demoleiis  erewhile 
Clad  was  accustomed  to  drive,  in  pursuinij  the  scattL-nng  Trojans.  265 


86  THE    .ENEID. 

He,  as  the  third  prize,  tenders  a  couple  of  caldrons  of  bronze-work, 

Goblets  of  silver  elaborate  wrought  and  embossed  with  devices. 

So  they  were  all  now  rewarded  with  presents,  and, proud  of  their  treasures, 

They  were  departing  with  fillets  of  purple  adorning  their  temples. 

When  scarce  cleared  from  the  merciless  crag  by  a  skillful  mancEuvre,  270 

Back  with  the  loss  of  his  oars  and  completely  disabled  in  one  tier, 

Was  the  unhonored  Sergestus  steering  his  ridiculed  galleys: 

Just  as  at  times  a  serpent,  arrested  in  crossing  a  highway. 

O'er  which  obliquely  a  brass-tired  wheel  has  passed,  or  a  footman 

Left  it  stunned  by  a  heavy  blow,  or  crushed  by  a  cobble,  275 

Vainly  essaying  to  flee,  it  wriggles  its  body  in  lengthy  contortions. 

Fierce  in  a  part,  and  on  fire  in  its  eyes,  and  uplifting  its  hissing 

Wattles  on  high,  and  a  portion  disabled  by  bruises,  retards  it. 

Struggling  in  twisted  knots,  and  writhing  itself  in  its  members: 

Such  was  the  rowing  by  which  his  vessel  was  slowly  proceeding.  280 

Still  he  makes  sail,  and  under  full  sail  he  enters  the  offing: 

Yet  does  ^neas  award  to  Sergestus  the  promised  bestowment, 

Glad  that  his  vessel  is  safe,  and  his  comrades  returning  uninjured. 

To  him  is  given  a  slave,  expert  in  the  work  of  Minerva, 

Pholoe,  Cretan  by  birth,  and  her  twins  at  her  breast  are  included.  285 

After  this  contest  is  over,  the  pious  ^neas  directs  his 
Way  to  a  grass-grown  plain,  which  on  all  sides  forests  on  curving 
Hillocks  were  girding,  and  where  in  the  midst  of  a  vale  was  a  theatre's 
Race-course;  whither  the  hero,  escorted  by  numerous  thousands. 
Bore  himself  on,  and  amid  the  assembly  sat  down  on  a  platform.  290 

There  if  perchance  there  were  any  who  wished  to  contend  in  the  rapid 
Race,  he  invites  their  souls  with  rewards,  and  proposes  the  prizes. 
Teucrans  assemble  around,  and  Sicanians  also  commingle; 
Nisus  withal  and  Euryalus  foremost: — 

Famed  was  Euryalus  far  for  his  form  and  his  youth  in  its  freshness,  295 

Nisus  for  loving  regard  for  the  boy:  next  following  these  came 
Princely  Diores,  descended  from  Priam's  illustrious  household; 
Salius  also,  and  Patron,  of  whom  Acaranian  one  was, 
And  of  Arcadian  blood  from  the  tribe  of  TegDsa  the  other; 

Two  Trinacrian  youths,  and  Helymus,  Panopes  also,  300 

Both  to  the  forests  inured,  the  attendants  of  aged  Acestes; 
Many  besides  these  entered  whom  fame  in  obscurity  buries. 
Thus  in  their  midst  at  length  did  ^.neas  address  the  contestants: 
"  Take  these  words  in  your  souls,  and  allow  me  your  joyous  attention: 
None  of  this  number  shall  go  unrewarded  by  me  from  the  contest:  305 


BOOK    V.  87 

I  will  a  couple  of  Gnosian  darts  that  glitter  with  hurnishctl 
StctI  Kivc  each,  ami  inlaid  with  silver  to  carry  a  |X)lcaxc: 
This  out'  hoiwT  shall  be  to  you  all;  but  the  prizes  the  foremost 
Three  %hall  receive,  and  their  heads  shall  l>e  wreathed  with  the  yellowish  olive; 
But  let  the  principal  winner  a  steed  with  maKTuhccnt  trappinj^'s  310 

Have;  and  the  second  a  rich  Amazonian  tpiiver  with  Thracian 
Arrows  filled,  which  a  broad-sized  baldric  of  gold  is  embracing 
Round,  and  a  buckle,  with  jewel  of  Uipering  bevel,  atUiches. 
Hut  let  the  thini  go  content  with  this  single  Argolican  hrlmet." 
When  these  wi)rds  have  been  s[X)ken,  they  take  their  stand,  anil  the  signal         315 
Heard,  in  an  instant  they  take  to  the  track,  and,  the  barrier  quitting, 
Poured  like  a  hurricane-cloud,  as  together  they  signal  the  goal-mark. 
Nisus  is  taking  the  lead,  and  afar  in  advance  of  all  persons 
Starts  off  swifter  than  wind,  and  fleeter  than  wings  of  the  lightning: 
Nearest  to  him,  yet  the  nearest  by  interval  ample  between  them,  320 

Salius  follows;  then  after  them,  leaving  a  space  inter\'ening, 
Third  is  Kuryalus: — 

Helymus  follows  Euryalus;  then,  but  approaching  him  closely, 
Lo  !  flits  onward,  and  heel  upon  heel  now  brushes  Diores, 

Bending  down  over  his  shoulder,  and  if  more  space  were  remaining,  325 

Gliding  ahead  he  may  pass  him,  or  leave  him  a  dubious  winner. 

Now  almost  at  the  end  of  the  track  they  were  wearily  drawing 
Near  to  the  goal,  when  Nisus  unluckily  slips  in  the  slimy 

BI«Mxl,  that  had  there,  as  it  chanced  when  the  sacrificed  bullocks  were  slaughtcrcti. 
Flowed  on  the  gronnd,  and  had  thoroughly  moisteneil  the  herbage  about  it.     ^^o 
There  did  the  youth,  as  a  winner  already  exulting,  his  footsteps 
Hold  not,  but  just  as  the  soil  was  trodden  he  stumbled 
Headlong  into  the  filthy  manure,  and  the  gore  of  the  victims: 
Yet  was  he  not  of  Euryalus,  nor  their  attachments  forgetful; 
For  on  the  slipperiness  rising  he  threw  him  in  Saliu.;'  pathway:  335 

He,  too,  stumbled,  and  rolle<l  over  back  on  the  clotted  arena. 
Dashes  Kuryalus  on  and  as  winner  secures,  by  his  comrade's 
Kindness,  the. lead,  and  flits,  amid  riapping  and  favoring  plaudits. 
After  him  comes  in  Helymus:  now  has  Diores  the  third  prize. 
Salius  here  fills  all  the  immense  amphitheatre's  concourse,  340 

Yea,  and  the  front  row  views  of  the  fathers  with  vehement  clamors. 
Asks  that  the  honor  by  artifice  stolen  be  duly  restoretl  him. 
Popular  favor  Kuryalus  shields,  and  his  diffident  weeping — 
Lovelier  even  the  worth  when  it  comes  in  a  beautiful  person. 
Backs  him  Diores  also,  and  proclaims  it  in  vehement  language,  345 


88  THE    .ENEID. 

Who  has  attained  to  the  prize,  yet  in  vain  has  he  come  to  the  lowest 
Meeds,  if  to  Salius  are  to  be  rendered  the  principal  honors. 

Then  said  Father  ^neas  :  "  To  you  shall  remain  your  bestowments 
Certain,  my  lads,  and  none  shall  unsettle  the  order  of  prizes; 
But  it  is  proper  to  pity  our  innocent  neighbor's  misfortunes."  350 

So  as  he  spake,  he  the  monstrous  skin  of  an  African  lion 
Tenders  to  Sahus,  shaggy  with  mane  and  embellished  with  gilt-claws. 
Here  said  Nisus:  "  If  such  are  the  prizes  awarded  the  vanquished; 
If  thou  dost  pity  the  fallen,  then,  prithee,  what  worthy  bestowments 
Wilt  thou  on  Nisus  confer,  who  had  merited  fairly  the  first  crown,  355 

Had  not  on  me,  as  on  Salius  lit  an  inimical  mishap?  " 
And  he  at  once  was,  on  these  words,  showing  his  face,  and  his  limbs  all 
Daubed  with  the  sticky  manure.     At  him  the  excellent  father 
Laughed,  and  commanded  a  shield  to  be  brought,  Didymaon's  production. 
Once  by  the  Danaans  plucked  from  the  door-posts  sacred  of  Neptune:  360 

He  the  illustrious  youth  rewards  with  this  elegant  present. 

After  the  races  were  finished,  and  he  has  awarded  the  prizes: 
"  Now  in  whose  bosom  soever  are  present  the  courage  and  spirit. 
Let  him  stand  forth  and  uplift  his  arms  with  his  hands  in  the  gauntlets." 
So  he  exclaims,  and  a  two-fold  honor  propounds  for  the  combat;  365 

Unto  the  victor  a  bullock  with  gold  and  ribbons  enveloped. 
But,  as  relief  to  the  vanquished  a  sword  and  magnificent  helmet. 
Pause  there  is  none,  but  straightway  Dares,  of  marvelous  vigor, 
Offers  his  features,  and  lifts  him  the  hero  mid  mighty  applauses, 
He  who  alone  was  wont  to  contend  in  encounter  with  Paris,  37c 

He,  too,  who  once  at  the  tomb,  where  reposes  the  mightiest  Hector, 
Boldly  the  champion,  Butes,  of  stature  immense  who  was  loudly 
Boasting  as  coming  from  Amycus'  noble  Bebrycian  peerage, 
Leveled,  and  stretched  out  moribund  there  on  the  yellow  arena. 
Such  at  the  outset  does  Dares  his  tall  head  lift  for  the  combat,  375 

While  he  his  broad-set  shoulders  displays  and  alternately  lunges, 
Thrusting  his  arms  out  forward  and  thrashes  the  air  with  his  fist-blows. 
For  him  a  rival  is  sought,  nor  does  any  one  out  of  that  vast  throng 
Dare  to  advance  on  the  hero  and  vest  his  hands  with  the  gauntlets. 
Hence  he  exulting,  and  thinking  that  all  from  the  prize  were  withdrawing,        38c 
Stood  up  in  front  of  the  feet  of  .^neas,  no  longer  delaying. 
Then  he  with  left  hand  seizes  the  bull  by  the  horn  and  he  thus  speaks: 
**  Goddess-born,  since  none  dares  hazard  himself  in  the  contest. 
What  is  the  use  of  my  waiting?     How  long  have  I  need  to  be  holden  ? 
Order  the  presents  produced."     And  at  once  the  Dardanians  all  were  385 


BOOK    V.  »>Q 

Shouting;  and  ordering  np  tc  the  hero  the  picdjjcs  surrendered. 

Hcreat  Acestcs,  with  words  upbrnidingly  la^hc»  Kntcllus, 

As  he  had  sealed  himself  on  the  jjreen  );rass  sofa  l)csidc  him  : 

*'  Prithee,  Entellus,  once  counietl,  thoti^i  vainly,  the  bravest  of  heroes, 

Wilt  thou  so  tamely  allow  such  presents,  without  an  encounter,  390 

Carried  off?     Where  is  that  (jod  of  ours  now,  that  prcten<lc<I!y  famous 

Kryx,  thy  master  ?     Ami  where  through  all   Trinacria  bruited. 

Where  is  thy  fame  ?      Ami  where  are  those  spoils  in  thy  dwellinj^  suspended?* 

He  at  this  :    "  Neither  hath  love  of  ap|)laiise,  nor  my  glory  departed, 

Heatcn  by  fear,  but  my  blood  runs  dull,  by  the  slowness  of  old  age  395 

Chilled,  and  my  worn-out  muscles  alike  arc  benumbed  in  my  Ixxly. 

Ah  !  if  I  hail  what  I  once  possessed,  and  in  what  yon  pretender 

Vaunts  so  «.lefiant,  if  nt)w  I  hail  only  the  vivjor  of  youthhoo<l, 

I  woulil  in  sooth,  uniiuluccd  by  the  jiricc  and  the  beautiful  bullock. 

Enter  the  lists  ;  I  stand  not  on  presents."     He  then,  as  he  thus  sii.ikc.  400 

Flung  in  the  midst  a  couple  of  gauntlets  of  frightfully  heavy 

Weight,  in  which  the  redoubtable  Eryx  was  wont  to  present  his 

Hand  in  the  fights,  and  to  brace  his  arms  in  their  sinewy  rawhide. 

Stunned  were  their  souls  ;  for  seven  enormous  hides  of  the  largest 

Oxen  were  rigid  with  lead  and  iron  insertetl  within  them.  405 

Dares  himself  is  before  all  startled,  and  shrinking  refuses  ; 

Whilst  the  magnanimous  son  of  Anchises  the  weight  and  prodigious 

Folds  of  their  fastenings  tries,  as  he  turns  them  over  and  over. 

Then  such  recitals  as  these  did  the  old  man  bring  from  his  bosom  : 

"  What  if  any  one  here  had  beheld  the  gauntlets  and  armor  410 

Worn  by  Hercules*  self,  and  had  witnessed  the  awful  encounter 

Here  on  this  beach  !     Once  Eryx,  thy  kinsman,  was  wielding  these  weapons. 

Aye,  thou  canst  even  yet  notice  the  stains  of  blood,  and  the  s|iattered 

Brains  :    with  these  he  resisted  the  mighty  Alcitles  ;    fb  these,  too, 

I  was  accustomed  while  hardier  blood  was  imparting  me  vigor,  415 

Ere  yet  envious  old  age  sparsely  was  blanching  my  temples: 

But  if  the  Trojan  Dares  refuses  our  armor,  and  this  sets 

Well  with  the  pious  .Kneas,  and  patron  Acestcs  approves  it. 

Let  us  make  tipial  the  fights  :  I  give  up  the  rawhide  of  Er}*x — 

H.inish  alarm — and  do  thou  put  off,  too.  the  gauntlets  of  Troja  !'*  420 

Thus  as  he  spake,  he  threw  back  from  his  shoulders  his  duplicate  mantle, 

Stri|)(>eil  bare  the  mighty  joints  oi  his  limbs  and  his  arms  and  his  mighty 

Hones,  and  he  stood  forth  there  as  a  giant  amid  the  arena. 

Then  did  the  father,  the  son  of  Anchises,  present  them  with  equal 

Gauntlets,  and  fitted  the  palms  of  them  lx)th  with  analogous  armor.  4^5 


90  THE    yENEID. 

Forthwith  erect  and  on  tiptoe  each  champion  took  his  position  ; 

Dauntlessly  each  extended  his  arms  to  the  breezes  above  him  ; 

Back  they  afar  have  withdrawn  their  towering  heads  from  the  lunges  ; 

Hands  they  immingle  with  hands,  and  they  challenge  each  other  to  combat, 

This  one  is  quicker  in  moving  his  feet  and  reliant  on  youthhood  ;  430 

That  one  is  strong  in  his  limbs  and  in  bulk,  but  his  faltering  knees  give 

Way  as  he  totters,  and  difficult  breathing  is  quaking  his  vast  joints. 

Many  a  wound  do  the  champions  bootlessly  toss  to  each  other; 

Many  on  hollow  flank  they  redouble,  and  vast  the  resounds  they 

Yield  from  the  breast,  and  incessantly  round  the  ears  and  the  temples  435 

Wanders  the  hand,  and  under  the  hard  wound  crackle  the  jaw-bones. 

Firmly  Entellus  stands,  and  in  one  immovable  posture, 

Only  with  body  and  vigilant  eyes  he  parries  the  weapons. 

Dares,  as  one  who  is  storming  a  high-walled  city  with  engines, 

Or  under  arms  is  beleaguering  castles  entrenched  in  the  mountains  ;  440 

Now  he  through  these,  now  those  approaches  and  every  position 

Wanders  with  tact,  and  by  varied  assaults  unavailingly  presses. 

Rising  on  tip-toe  Entellus  his  right  hand  showed,  and  hath  lofty 

Raised  it,  and  Dares  the  coming  blow  from  above  in  an  instant 

Sees,  and,  slipping  aside  with  a  lurch  of  his  body,  he  dodged  it.  445 

Wasted  Entellus  his  strength  on  the  wind,  and  losing  his  balance, 

Heavy  himself,  he  heavily  down  to  the  earth  by  his  vast  weight 

Falls  ;   as  at  times  falls,  either  on  mount  Erymanthus,  or  mighty 

Ida,  a  hollowed  out  pine-tree  torn  from  its  roots  in  a  tempest. 

Teucrans  and  youths  of  Trinacria  anxiously  rise  in  a  body;  450 

Up  goes  a  shout  to  the  welkin,  and  running  Acestes  the  foremost 

Pitying  lifts  up  his  friend  from  the  ground,  who  in  age  is  his  equal  ; 

But  the  hero  undaunted,  nor  even  disheartened  by  falling. 

Fiercer  returns  to  the  fight,  a^d  his  anger  arouses  his  vigor  ; 

Then  does  chagrin  and  his  conscious  ability  kindle  his  courage,  455 

Wrathfully  drives  he  Dares  precipitous  over  the  whole  plain, 

Lunges  redoubling,  now  with  his  right  and  now  with  his  left  hand. 

Pause  there  is  none,  nor  a  respite  :    as  tempests  with  plentiful  hailstone 

Rattle  away  on  the  roofs  ;   so  does  the  hero  with  lunges  incessant. 

Often  with  each  hand  batter  and  buffet  the  champion  Dares.  460 

Then  did  the  father  ^neas  permit  their  wrath  to  proceed  no 
Farther,  nor  suffered  Entelles  to  rave  in  his  violent  passions; 
But  he  imposed  an  end  to  the  combat,  and  the  wearied  out  Dares 
Rescued,  consoling  him  kindly  with  words,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  him: 
"  Luckless,  what  marvelous  madness  has  seized  thy  presumptuous  spirit  ?        465 


BOOK     V.  91 

Dost  thou  [Krccivc  not  thine  cncr(;ics  alien  and  deities  adverse  ? 

Yield  tu  the  K^  "      ^I^-'  !i[>ake,  and  l>y  vuice  put  a  stop  to  the  combats. 

But  his  fatthtui  associates  lead  hiin,  dragging  his  languid 

Knees,  and  tossing  his  head  on  each  shouUU-r,  and  vomiting  clotted 

Gore  from  his  mouth  and  his  knocked  out  teeth, too,  mixed  with  the  UNkxI-How,    470 

liack  to  the  vessels  ;  and  when  they  are  cilled  they  his  sw»)rd  and  his  helmet 

Take  in  his  stead,  and  resign  to  Kntellus  the  jxilm  and  the  l)ullot;k. 

Hereat  o'erflowing  in  spirits  and  proud  of  the  bullock  the  victor  : 

•*  Goddess- l)om,  and  ye  Teucrans,"  said  he,  "  now  know  ye  what  sturdy 

Strength  I  jwssessed  in  my  frame  as  it  was  in  its  juvenile  vigor,  475 

And  from  what  imminent  death  ye  have  rescued  the  respitetl  Dares." 

Sjxike  he,  and  stepped  up  fronting  the  face  of  the  opix>site  bullock, 

Which  was  at  hand  as  the  prize  in  the  combat,  and,  drawing  his  right  h:iiul 

Backwards,  he  leveled  between  his  horns  the  unmerciful  j^auntlet, 

'lowering,  and  dashed  it  right  into  the  bones  and  the  fragmented  brain-{xin.     4 So 

Sprawling  out  lifeless,  and  quivering,  prostrate  the  bull  to  the  ground  (alia. 

He,  though,  over  him  pours  out  strains  like  these  from  his  bosom: 

♦•  This  I,  O  Ery.x,  a  life  that  is  better — a  proxy  for  Dares — 

Render  thee:    here  I  a  victor  surrender  my  art  and  the  gauntlets  !" 

Straightway  /Eneas  invites  to  contend  with  the  feathery  arrow  485 

Those  who  may  chance  to  be  willing,  and  places  before  them  the  prizes; 
And  with  his  own  stout  hand  he  a  mast,  from  the  ship  of  Sergestus, 
Rears,  and  attached  to  a  cord  thrust  through  it  a  fluttering  pigeon, 
.\t  which  to  direct  their  steel,  he  sus{x.*nds  aloft  from  the  mast-head. 
Round  have  assembled  the  men,  and  a  brazen  helmet  the  shuffled  490 

Lots  has  received,  and  before  them  all  with  a  favoring  plaudit 
Out  comes  Hyrtacus'  son,  Hippocoon's  privileged  first-place; 
Next  to  him,  .Mnestheus,  of  late  in  the  naval  contest  a  victor, 
Follows,  the  Mnestheus  but  recently  crowned  with  a  garland  of  olive; 
Thinl  is  Eurytion,  thine  own  brother,  O  glorious  archer  405 

Pandarus,  who  when  formerly  ordered  to  rupture  the  treaty, 
First  in  the  midst  of  Achaians  defiantly  hurledst  a  weajwn. 
Last  in  the  helmet's  bottom  there  settles  the  lot  of  Acestes; 
He,  too,  hns  dared  with  his  hand  to  attempt  the  achievement  of  young  men. 
Then  do  the  champions,  each  for  himself,  with  intensified  vigor,  50c 

Bend  their  flexible  bows,  and  draw  out  their  shafts  from  the  quivers. 
First  through  the  sky  from  the  twanging  bow-string  Hyrtacus*  youthful 
Son's  launched  arrow  asunder  lashes  the  piniony  breezes; 
Aye,  and  it  comes,  and  is  fixed  in  the  wood  of  the  opposite  mast-head. 
Quivered  the  mast,  and  fluttered  in  fear  on  her  pinions  the  frightened  505 


92  THE    ^NEID. 

Soarer,  and  all  sides  rang  with  the  din  of  the  boisterous  plaudit. 

Next  stood  Mnestheus  alert  with  his  bow  drawn  up  to  position. 

Aiming  aloft,  and  together  directed  his  eyes  and  the  weapon: 

But  he  unluckily  could  not  the  bird  itself  with  his  steel-tip 

Touch,  and  yet  he  has  severed  the  knots,  and  the  hempen  attachments,  510 

By  which  held  fast  by  the  foot  she  was  hanging  on  high  from  the  mast-head: 

Flitting  away  she  has  flown  on  the  south-winds  up  in  the  dark  clouds. 

Then  did  Eurytion  rapidly,  just  then  holding  his  bent  bow 

Stretched  all  ready,  in  vows  call  loud  on  his  brother,  and  closely 

Watchmg  the  pigeon  elate  in    the  vacant  heaven,  he  shot  her  515 

Under  the  black  mist,  just  in  the  effort  of  flapping  her  pinions. 

Dropped  she  dead,  and  away  in  the  stars  of  sether  abandoned 

Life,  and  in  falling  she  brings  back  fixed  in  her  body  the  arrow. 

All  alone,  with  the  prize  lost,  still  was  remaining  Acestes, 

Who  notwithstanding  discharges  his  shaft  on  the  volatile  breezes;  520 

Showing  the  father  his  skill,  if  no  more,  and  the  twang  of  his  bowstring. 

Here  on  their  eyes  is  a  sudden  prodigy  thrust,  and  of  mighty 
Augury;  afterwards  did  a  momentous  catastrophe  teach  them, 
Though  too  late  did  the  terrified  soothsayers  sing  of  its  omens,; 
For  from  the  bow  as  it  flitted,  the  reed  took  fire  in  the  liquid  525 

Clouds,  and  it  signalled  its  passage  by  flames,  and  back  on  the  gentle 
Breezes  receded  consumed;  as  oft  when  unsettled  the  stars  shoot 
Over  the  heavens,  and  trail  as  they  flit  an  effulgence  behind  them. 
Awed  in  their  souls  the  Trinacrian  heroes  and  Trojan  embarrassed 
Stood,  and  besought  the  supernals:    the  chieftain  yEneas  the  omen  530 

Did  not  however  reject,  but,  embracing  the  joyous  Acestes, 
Loads  him  at  once  with  magnificent  presents,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  him: 
"Take  these,  father,  for  under  such  auspices  surely  the  mighty 
King  of  Olympus  hath  willed  thee  to  draw  an  exceptional  honor. 
Thou  shalt  this  guerdon  possess  of  even  the  aged  Anchises,  535 

Yes,  this  wine-crock  moulded  with  figures,  which  Thracian  Cisseiis 
•Once  to  my  father  Anchises  had  given  10  bear,  as  a  royal 
Present,  away  as  memento  and  pledge  of  his  special  affection. " 
Having  thus  spoken  he  circles  with  verdant  laurel  his  temples, 
And  in  the  presence  of  all  proclaims  Acestes  the  principal  winner:  540 

Nor  does  the  noble  Eurytion  envy  the  privileged  honor. 
Though  he  alone  shot  down  from  the  lofty  heaven  the  prize-bird. 
Next  he  proceeds  with  the  gifts  to  the  one  who  has  snapped  the  attachments. 
Last  to  the  one  who,  with  feathery  reed,  perforated  the  mast-head. 

Now  does  the  father  ^2neas,  the  games  not  being  yet  ended,  545 


BOOK    V. 


93 


Summon  hctorc  him  thr  guard  ami  attendant  of  l)cardlets  lUlu». 

Ipvtus'  (jfispnnjj,  and  thus  in  his  trusty  car  he  l»cs|)caks  him: 

"  Hasten,  anil  say  to  Ascaniu»,  if  he  has  ready  around  him 

Now  his  batUilion  of  Iwys,  and  has  practised  his  cavalry  charj;cs, 

I^t  him  lead  out  his  trtxjps,  and  in  armor  parade  in  his  grandsire't  550 

Honor,"  he  said.      He  himself  commands  the  ingathering  people 

All  to  retire  from  the  ring,  and  the  commons  to  l)c  unobstructed. 

In  riile  the  Iwys,  and  they  siilc  by  side  in  the  presence  of  parents 

Shine  on  their  close-curbed  chargers,  antl  so,  as  they  march  in  procession. 

All  Trinacria's  youngsters,  and  Troja's,  admiringly  cheer  them.  555 

Each  one's  locks  are  adorned  with  a  neat-trimmed  chaplet  in  fashion; 

Each  one  carries  a  couple  of  steel-tipped  lances  of  cornel: 

Some  on  their  shoulders  have  polished  quivers,  and  over  each  buv»in 

Passes  around  the  neck  a  gold-braided  flexible  necklace: 

Three  in  number  the  cavalry  s<]uads,  and  three  their  commandci.s  560 

(ialloping  to  and  fro,  and  the  twice  si.\  boys  who  attend  them 

Cilitler  in  parted  battalion,  as  trim  as  their  drilling  instructors. 

Little  pet  Priam  is  leading  one  line  of  e.xhilarant  youngsters. 

Bearing  the  name  of  his  grandsire,  thine  eminent  offspring,  Polites, 

Destined  to  strengthen  Italia:  him  does  a  Thracian  charger  565 

C^rr)',  bespotted  with  patches  of  white,  and  white  in  his  fore-feet 

Fetlocks,  and  showing  off  lofty  his  fair  white  forehead  superbly. 

Second  was  Alys — whence  l^ilins  have  drawn  the  Atian  jxrerage — 

Little  pei  Atys,  a  boy  who  as  boy  was  endeared  to  liilus. 

I^st,  but  the  fairest  of  all  in  the  grace  of  his  form,  was  lillus,  570 

Riding  a  splendid  Sidonian  steed,  which  the  beautiful  Dido 

Gave  him  to  be  a  memento  and  pledge  of  her  special  affection: 

But  the  rest  of  the  youth  on  Trinacrian  steeds  of  Acestes 

Aged  are  mounted: — 

Dardans  the  timid  ones  welcome  with  cheers,  and  in  gazing  upon  them     575 
(iladden,  and  recognize  in  them  the  features  of  elderly  jxirents. 

After  they  all  have  elate  the  assembly,  and  eyes  of  their  kindred. 

Passed  in  paratled  review  on  their  chargers,  then  ready  the  signal 

Ipytus*  son  with  a  shout  at  a  distance  gave,  and  his  whip  cracked. 

Mated  they  galloped  apart,  but  the  threes  have  dissolved  their  battalions,         58c 

Ranked  them  in  se|xjrate  scjuads,  and  again,  when  receiving  the  order. 

Wheeled  them  about,  and  as  foemen  presented  their  wea[X)ns  f«)r  action: 

Thence  they  engage  in  successive  advances  and  counter  advances, 

Facing  with  spaces  between  them,  and  circle  in  circle  alternate 

Tangle,  and  skirmishing  fight  as  in  armor  the  sham  of  a  battle.  585 


94  THE    ^NEID. 

Now  they  uncover  their  backs  in  retreat,  and  now,  as  if  charging, 

Level  their  lances,  and  now,  peace  settled,  they  ride  off  together: 

Just  as  the  labyrinth  once  in  the  mountainous  Crete,  it  is  stated. 

Had  by  its  blind  walls  woven  a  way  and  its  mtricate  winding 

Maze  of  a  thousand  passages,  where  but  a  single  unnoticed  590 

Irretrievable  error  bewildered  the  marks  of  pursuing: 

So,  in  their  mimic  encounters  the  sons  of  the  Trojans  their  footsteps 

Tangle,  and  weave  their  retreats  and  engagements  in  sportive  manoeuvre: 

Just  as  the  dolphins  which  often  through  watery  seas  in  their  swimming 

Cleave  the  Carpathian  or  Libyan  deep,  and  desport  in  the  billows.  595 

This  entertainm.ent  of  tilting,  and  these  rencounters  repeated 

First  Ascanius,  when  he  was  Alba  Longa  with  ramparts 

Girding,  and  taught  to  the  earlier  Latins  their  proper  observance, 

Just  as  he  had  when  a  boy,  and  with  him  the  youngsters  of  Troja 

Learned  them;  the  Albans  instructed  their  children,  and  so  in  succession        600 

Mightiest  Rome  has  received  and  retained  the  ancestral  amusement: 

Troja  it  now  is  entitled,  the  boys  are  the  Trojan  battalion. 

Thus  far  the  games  were  observed  to  his  deified  father  Anchises. 

Here  for  the  first  did  changeable  Fortune  dishonor  her  pledges; 
While  at  the  tomb  they  solemnities  render  in  various  pastimes,  605 

Down  from  heaven  Saturnian  Juno  dispatches  on  errand 
Iris  to  Ilium's  fleet,  and  she  breathes  on  her  breezes  in  going, 
Pondering  much,  for  unsatisfied  yet  was  her  primitive  grievance. 
Speeding,  unnoticed  by  any,  her  way  on  her  bow  of  a  thousand 
Colors,  she  hastens  adown  with  a  vanishing  trail,  as  a  virgin.  6:0 

Scans  she  the  mighty  assembly,  and  takes  a  survey  of  the  sea  beach; 
Sees  she  the  harbors  deserted,  and  squadron  of  vessels  forsaken. 
But  in  the  distance  the  Trojan  matrons,  apart  on  the  lonely 
Strand,  were  bemoaning  the  loss  of  Anchises,  and  all  were  in  weeping 
Gazing  intent  on  the  fathomless  ocean.      *'  AJas  !  and  how  many  615 

Shoals,  and  how  much  of  the  sea  to  the  weary  remains  !"  is  the  common 
Wail  of  them  all:  they  entreat  for  a  city;  they  loathe  to  encounter 
Toil  on  the  deep.     Hence  she  plunges,  not  wholly  unpracticed  in  mischief. 
Boldly  among  them,  and  doffing  the  mien  and  attire  of  a  goddess. 
Takes  the  disguise  of  Beroe,  Ismarian  Doryclus'  aged  620 

Wife,  who  of  yore  had  family  rank,  and  renown,  and  an  offspring. 
Thus  transformed  she  intrudes  in  the  midst  of  Dardanian  matrons: 
"  Wretches  are  we,"  she  e.xclaims,   "  whom  Achaia's  hand  in  the  warfare 
Did  not  drag  unto  death  'neath  the  walls  of  our  country.     O!  nation 
Ever  forlorn  !  Lo  what  desolate  ruin  does  Fortune  reserve  thee?  625 


BOOK   V.  95 

N(nv  IS  the  seventh  summer  recurring  since  Troja's  destruction. 

Vet  we  arc  cirricd  throii^^h  straits,  and  all  lands,  and  wi  many  outlandifh 

Ledj^es  in  mcasurinj^  stars,  and  while  we  pursue  (j'er  the  mighty 

Sea  the  forever  escaping  Italia,  are  rolled  on  the  billows  ! 

Here  arc  the  confines  of  brotherly  Kryx,  and  friendly  Accstcs;  630 

Who  prohibits  our  founding  us  walls,  and  giving  our  townsmen 

Cities  ?  O  country,  and  home-gods  fruitlessly  snatched  from  the  foemen  ! 

Will  there  no  longer  l)e  ramparts  cntilled  the  Trojan  ?     O  shall  I 

Never  the  rivers  of  Hector,  the  Xanthus  and  Samois  see  more  ? 

Come  now  the  rather,  and  with  me  burn  these  unprosperous  vessels;  635 

Kor  in  my  sluml>ers  ap|)caring  the  phantom  of  seeress  Cassandra 

Seemed  to  present  me  with  blazing  torches:  **  Here  seek  for  a  Troja; 

Here  is  your  home,"  she  exclaims,   ••  and  now  is  the  time  to  l)c  doing: 

Linger  not  after  such  {>ortents.     Lo  !  here  are  four  altars  of  Neptune, 

Yea,  and  the  deity's  self  supplies  us  with  torches  and  spirit  ! "  640 

'I'hiis  she,  harnntjuing  them,  seizes  at  once  in  a  frenzy  a  fire-brand 

Hostile,  uplifting  her  rtv;ht  hantl  high  and  straining,  she  swings  it. 

Hurls  it  afar  !  Amazed  are  the  minds  and  astounded  the  hearts  of 

Ilium's  matrons.     Then  one  of  the  throng,  and  the  eldest  of  any, 

Pyrgo,  the  royal  nurse  of  Priam's  numerous  children:  645 

♦•  Mothers,  no  Beroe  this,  as  ye  think  her;  no  Rhcctian  consort 

She  of  Dor)'clus:  notice  the  signs  of  divinity's  glory, 

Notice  the  burning  eyes,  and  observe  what  a  spirit  is  in  her: 

Mark  what  a  face,  and  the  tones  of  her  voice,  or  her  gait  in  her  going ! 

I  but  a  little  ago  from  Beroe  parted  and  left  her  650 

Sick,  and  bemoaning  that  she  should  alone  be  deprived  of  this  pious 

Service,  and  could  not  bring  in  to  Anchises  the  merited  honors." 

Thus  did  she  speak: — 

But  the  matrons,  at  first  perplexed,  and  with  eyes  of  malignance 

(iazed  on  the  galleys,  misgiving  between  the  solicitous  yearning  655 

Felt  for  the  present  land,  and  the  kingtloms  by  destiny  calling: 

When  through  the  heavens  the  gotldess,  upsoaring  on  balancing  pinions. 

Cleaves  in  her  flight  on  the  clouds  the  magnificent  arch  of  a  rainlxjw. 

Then  they  in  sooth  awestruck  by  the  wonders,  and  driven  to  frenzv. 

Clamor  together,  and  snatch  from  the  hearths  of  their  dwellings  the  fire-brands;  660 

Some  are  despoiling  the  altars,  ami  branches  and  bushes  and  faggots 

Heaping  together.      Vulcan  with  reins  thniwn  loose  is  careering 

Over  the  thwarts,  and  the  oars,  and  the  painted  decking  of  fir-wood. 

Quick  to  .\nchises'  tomb  and  the  theatre's  staging,  Flumelus 

Carries  the  news  that  the  ships  arc  on  fire,  and  themselves  as  they  look  back  6^5 


96  '      THE    ^NEID.  .._^. 

See  the  fuliginous  cinders  flitting  about  in  the  smoke-cloud. 

Foremost  Ascanius,  as  he  was  gaily  his  cavalry  charges 

Leading  so  eager  on  horseback,  galloped  away  to  the  troubled 

Camps,  and  not  even  his  breathless  instructors  were  able  to  check  him. 

"  What  new  frenzy  is  this  ?  At  what  now,  at  what  are  you  aiming,  670 

O  ye  contemptible  citizens  ?  You  are  not  foemen  and  hostile 

Camps  of  the  Argives — you  are  but  foolishly  burning  your  own  hopes  ! 

See  me,  your  own  Ascanius  !"     Down  at  their  feet  he  his  empty 

Helmet  flung,  which  he  wore  in  the  game  when  engaged  in  the  sham  fight. 

Hurries  ^neas  at  once,  and  at  once,  too,  the  throng  of  the  Teucrans:  675 

But  in  their  panic  the  dames,  now  everywhere  over  the  sea  beach 

Scattering,  scamper,  and  stealthily  scud  to  the  woods,  and,  if  any, 

Cavernous  rocks.     Ashamed  of  their  deed  and  the  light,  they  repentant 

Own  their  acquaintances:     Juno  has  been  dislodged  from  their  bosoms. 

But,  notwithstanding,  the  flames  and  the  fire  their  untamable  vigor  680 

Staid  not,  but  under  the  saturate  oak-beams  smoulders  the  oakum, 

Slowly  disgorging  the  smoke,  while  the  smothered  glow  of  combustion 

Crumbles  the  keels,  and  the  havoc  descends  through  the  whole  of  the  hulk  frames: 

Neither  the  vigor  of  heroes  nor  inpoured  streams  are  availing. 

Then  did  the  pious  yEneas,  tearing  his  robe  from  his  shoulders,  685 

Call  on  the  gods  for  their  aid,  and  his  palms  outstretch  in  entreaty: 

"  O  omnipotent  Jove,  if  not  yet  wroth  at  the  Trojans 

E'en  to  a  man,  and  thy  primitive  mercy  on  human  distresses 

Looks  with  compassion,  O  grant  that  the  fleet  may  escape  the  combustion, 

Father,  and  rescue  from  .ruin  the  slender  affairs  of  the  Teucrans:  690 

Or  what  alone  remains,  with  vindictive  thunderbolt  send  me. 

If  I  deserve  it,  to  death,  and  o'erwhelm  me  here  with  thy  right  hand" 

Scarce  had  he  uttered  this,  when  with  a  deluging  shower  a  murky 

Tempest  inordinate  rages,  and  tremble  with  thunder  the  headland 

Heights  and  the  plains,  and  from  aether  throughout  there  is  bursting  a  rain  storm  695 

Turbid  with  water,  and  lurid,  and  densely  surcharged  with  the  South  winds. 

Filled  are  the  sterns  from  above,  and  the  half-burnt  timbers  of  live-oak 

Flooded,  till  all  of  the  glow  is  extinguished,  and  all  of  the  vessels, 

Four  of  them  missing  excepted,  are  saved  from  the  terrible  havoc. 

But  the  father  ^neas,  appalled  l)y  the  grievous  disaster,  700 

Shifted  now  here  and  now  there  in  his  bosom  the  mighty  dilemma, 
Pondering  whether  to  settle  now  down  in  Siculian  moorlands, 
Mindless  of  fates,  or  endeavor  to  reach  the  Italian  confines. 
Then  the  elderly  Nautes,  whom  only  Tritonian  Pallas 
Taught,  and  rendered  distinguished  in  many  an  art  of  divining —  705 


BfXJK    V. 


97 


He  who  was  Rivinjj  responses,  l)oth  those  which  the  dictics'  mi);hty 

Wrath  was  portcndinjj,  anti  those  which  the  order  of  fate  was  demanding — 

He,  by  these  kindly  expressions  consoling  /Kneas,  commences: 

"  (i(Mldcss-lH>rn,  let  us  follow  where  destinies  draw  or  withdraw  us; 

He  what  it  may,  each  fortune  must  be  overcome  by  endurance.  710 

'I'hou  hast  the  Dartlan  Acestes,  of  issue  divine,  for  reliance, 

Take  him  in  counsels  as  ally,  and  join  him  a  willinjj  assistant; 

Leave  him  the  crews  who  remain  from  the  lost  slups,  those  who  have  weary 

(irown  of  the  mighty  adventure,  aiid  tired  of  sharing  thy  fortunes, 

Old  and  decrepit  men,  and  women  aweary  of  (Kean;  715 

Go,  too,  whatever  is  feeble  with  thee,  and  is  feeble  of  danger 

Cull,  and  the  homesick  let  in  these  regions  have  permanent  ramparts: 

By  a  permissible  name  they  shall  title  their  city  Acksta." 

Fired  by  such  startling  words  of  his  elderly  friend  is  /Uneas; 
Then  of  a  truth  he  in  soul  is  in  all  of  his  troubles  distracted.  720 

Dark  Night,  too,  by  his  span  upwafted,  was  mounting  the  zenith; 
Downward  from  heaven  the  phantom  apjxrared  of  his  parent  Anchises 
Gliding,  and  such  the  expressions  he  seemed  of  a  sudden  to  utter: 
•*  Son,  once  dearer  to  me  than  my  life,  while  life  was  remaining. 
Wearied  and  worried,  my  son,  by  Ilium's  fated  misfortunes,  725 

Hither  I  come  by  the  mandate  of  Jupiter,  who  from  thy  scjuadrons 
Warded  the  fire,  and  from  heaven  at  length  has  had  [)ity  ujK»n  thee; 
Follow  the  excellent  counsels,  which  now  the  e<i)crienceil  Nautcs 
Gives  thee;  the  pick  of  the  youth,  and  the  hearts  that  are  bravest 
Bear  to  Italia:  hardy  the  race,  and  rude  in  their  culture,  7jo 

Thou  must  subdue  in  Latium:  ere  it,  however,  to  Pluto's 
Mansions  infernal  approach,  and  down  through  the  depths  of  Avemus, 
Son,  an  interview  seek  with  me;   for  neither  does  dismal 
Tartarus  hold  me,  nor  shadows  of  gloom,  but  I  tlwell  with  the  happy 
Throngs  of  the  blest  in  IClysiuin:  here  shall  the  virtuous  Sibyl  7  55 

Lead  thee,  by  sacrifice  made  in  a  bountiful  slaughter  of  black  sheep: 
Then  shall  thou  learn  of  thine  issue  throughout,  ami  what  cities  are  destined. 
Now  for  the  present,  farewell;  for  the  dew-damp  night  is  its  mid  course 
Rounding,  and  Orient  ruthless  hath  breathed  with  its  panting  chargers  upon  me." 
So  h;ul  he  spjken,  and  vanished  as  smoke  on  the  aml^ient  breezes.  740 

**  Whither  art  rushing  so  soon,"  said  .Kneas,  •*  and  whither  art  hasting' 
Whom  dost  thou  flee,  or  who  forces  thee  hence  from  our  offered  embraces  '*  " 
Uttering  this  he  rekindles  the  embers  and  smouldering  fire-brands. 
Worships  the  Patrons  of  Pergamus,  and  at  the  shrine  of  the  hoary 
Vesta,  devoutly  with  consecrate  meal  and  a  plentiful  censer.  745 


98  THE    ^NEID. 

Straightway  he  summons  his  comrades,  and  specially  aged  Acestes; 
Tells  them  the  mandate  of  Jove,  and  the  charges  direct  of  his  cherished 
Parent,  and  what  now  deep  in  his  soul  is  the  sentiment  settled: 
Pause  there  is  none  in  their  plans,  nor  refuses  Acestes  the  orders. 
They  for  a  city  the  matrons  enroll,  and  the  people  who  wish  it  750 

Set  they  apart,  and  the  souls  in  no  need  of  distinguishing  glory. 
Thwarts  they  in  person  repair,  and  replace  in  the  shipping  the  oaken 
Timbers  consumed  by  the  flames,  and  rig  out  the  oars  and  the  halyards: 
Scanty  in  number,  but  theirs  is  a  valor  alive  for  a  warfare. 

Meanwhile  ^neas  marks  out  with  a  plow  his  associates'  city,  755 

Portions  out  homes  by  lot,  and  the  wards  this  Iluim,  that  Troja, 
Bid  he  be  localized.     Trojan  Acestes  is  pleased  with  his  kingdom, 
Forms  he  a  forum,  and  senators  summoned,  he  gives  them  his  statutes. 
Then  on  the  summit  of  Eryx,  and  nigh  to  the  stars  is  a  temple 
Planned  to  Idalian  Venus,  and  priest  for  the  tomb,  and  a  grove-plot  760 

Sacred  far  and  wide  to  the  name  of  Anchises  is  added. 

Now  has  the  whole  clan  nine-days  festival  kept,  and  the  service 
Done  at  the  altars;  the  halcyon  breezes  have  leveled  the  waters: 
Freshly  the  South-wind  breathing  invites  them  again  on  the  ocean. 
Loud  is  the  wailing  that  rises  along  the  out-widening  sea-beach;  765 

Linger  they  night  and  day  in  reciprocal  partmg  embraces: 
Now  do  the  self-same  matrons  and  men,  to  whom  lately  the  sea's  face 
Seemed  so  repulsive  and  unendurable  even  to  mention, 
Long  to  depart  and  encounter  all  the  distress  of  the  voyage. 

Whom  now  the  noble  ^neas  is  cheering  with  friendly  expressions,  770 

Whilst  he  in  weeping  commends  them  in  trust  to  his  kinsman,  Acestes. 
Bids  he  them  then  three  heifers  to  Eryx,  a  lamb  to  the  Tempests 
Slaughter,  and  orders  the  hawsers  one  after  another  unfastened. 
Then  he,  enwreathing  his  head  with  a  neat-trimmed  garland  of  olive, 
Standing  out  far  on  the  prow,  upraises  a  bowl  and  the  entrails  775 

Casts  in  the  briny  billows,  and  pours  out  a  flowing  libation. 
Rising  astern  there  pursues  them  a  breeze  as  they  go  from  the  harbor: 
Eager  his  comrades  lather  the  sea  as  they  sweep  o'er  the  waters. 

But  in  the  meantime  Venus,  oppressed  by  her  troubles,  addresses 
Neptune,  and  pours  from  her  bosom  complaint  in  language  of  this  sort:  780 

"  Juno's  annoying  resentment  and  ever  insatiate  bosom 
Force  me,  O  Neptune,  to  stoop  unto  even  the  humblest  entreaties; 
Neither  does  length  of  days,  nor  piety  any  appease  her, 
Nor  does  she  rest,  though  worsted  by  fates  and  by  Jupiter's  mandate: 
In  her  fell  hate  to  have  wasted  the  Phrygians'  medial  nation's  785 


BOOK    V. 

City,  and  tlr.ngjjcd  it  thronijh  every  punishnu-nt.  is  not  suftii  icnt; 

ShctnuMl  the  remnants,  and  ashes,  and  Ixjnes  of  am-  •    ■  "•   I'roja 

I'ersecuie  :  she  lue  causes  may  know  fur  suth  ranc  lury. 

Ihou  art  my  witness  thyself  what  a  turmoil  she  late  of  a  sudden 

Roused  in  the  Libyan  billows,  and  all  the  seas  with  the  heavens  790 

Mingled  in  vain  in  reliance  on  /Kolus'  stormy  tornadoes — 

Dared  to  do  this  in  thy  realms,  too: — 

Lo  !  she  maliciously,  even  by  goadinj;  the  mainins  of  Troja, 

Basely  hath  burned  their  vessels,  and  thus,  by  the  loss  of  their  squadron. 

Forced  them  to  leave  in  an  unknown  land  a  |>art  of  their  comrades.  70- 

What  yet  remains,  I  lieseech  thee,  allow  them  to  spread  on  the  billows 

Safely  their  sails,  and  permit  them  to  reach  the  I^urentian  Thybris; 

If  what  I  seek  is  conceded,  if  destinies  grant  them  th(jse  ramjvirts." 

Then  the  Saturnian  lord  of  the  deep  sea  uttered  this  answer: 

••  It  is  entirely  right,  Cythcrcin,  to  trust  my  dominions,  800 

Whence  thou  denvcst  thy  birth:  I  desire  it,  moreover,  for  often 

Have  I  restrained  their  rage  and  such  madness  of  heaven  and  ocean. 

Nor  has  the  less  on  the  land — let  Xanthus  and  Simois  witness — 

Been  thine  ^-Eneas  my  charge.     When  Achilles  in  battle  pursuing 

Pressed  to  the  walls  of  the  city  the  frightened  battalions  of  'I'roja,  805 

Many  a  thousand  consigned  he  to  death,  and  the  rivers  repleted 

Clroaned,  and  the  Xanthus  could  open  no  passage,  nor  onward  itself  roll 

Into  the  sea;  then  /Kneas,  encountering  dauntless  Pelides, 

Neither  with  gods  nor  his  energy  equal,  I  snatched  in  a  hollow 

Cloud,  although  I  intended  to  raze  to  their  very  foundations,  Sio 

Laid  though  they  were  by  mine  own  hands,  perjured  Troja's  defences. 

Now,  too,  my  purpose  continues  persistent  :  dispel  thy  misgiving  ; 

Safe  shall  he  reach,  as  thou  wishest,  at  length  the  port  of  .\vernus. 

There  shall  be  only  one,  whom  lost  thou  shall  seek  in  the  surges  : 

One  head  thus  shall  be  given  for  many  : — "  ^'5 

When  by  these  words  he  hath  sootheil  the  elated  breast  of  the  goddess. 

Couples  the  father  his  coursers  in  harness  of  gold,  and  the  frothy 

Bridles  applies  to  the  beasts,  and  all  the  reins  from  his  hands  flings. 

Light  o'er  the  crest  of  the  waters  he  flies  in  cerulean  state-car : 

Billows  subside,  and  under  his  thundering  axle  the  surface,  820 

Heaved  by  the  waters,  is  laid,  and  from  limitless  aether  the  clouds  scud. 

Then  trot)p  manifold  forms  of  his  retinue,  monsters  enormous 

Klderly  chorus  of  Glaucus,  I'al.x'mon  the  offspring  of  Ino, 

Swiftly  careering  Tritons,  and  all  of  the  army  of  Phorcus  ; 

Thetis  is  holding  the  left,  and  Melite.  too.  and  the  mermaid  8?^ 


lOO  THE    yKNEID. 

Panope,  Nesae,  Spio,  Cymodoce,  Thalia  albo. 

Here  are  enrapturing  pleasures  alternately  thrilling  the  anxious 
Mind  of  the  father  ^neas,  and  quickly  he  orders  the  mainmasts 
All  to  be  raised,  and  the  mainyards  stretched  with  sails  to  the  utmost. 
All  have  together  the  main  sheet  set,  and  united  the  port  tacks  830 

Loosed,  and  the  starboard  now  ;  they  together  are  shifting  the  tall  yards, 
To  and  fro  :  their  own  gales  onward  are  wafting  the  squadron. 
There  in  the  van  of  them  all  Palinurus  was  leading  the  dense-packed 
Line,  and  to  him  were  the  others  commanded  to  steady  their  courses. 

Now  had  the  dew-damp  night  attained  almost  to  the  midway  835 

Limit  of  heaven,  and  weary  the  mariners,  stretched  on  the  benches. 
Under  their  oars,  were  relaxing  their  limbs  in  a  peaceful  quiescence. 
When  light  gliding  adown  from  the  planets  Eetherial  Slumber 
Clave  through  the  tenebrous  air  and  disparted  the  shadows  before  him, 
Aiming  for  thee,  Palinurus,  to  thee  inoffensive  conveying  840 

Ominous  slumbers  :  the  god  sits  down  on  the  tip  of  the  stern-post, 
Just  like  Phorbas,  and  pours  from  his  mouth  these  subtile  palavers  : 
"  Palinure,  son  of  lasius,  the  sea's  self  carries  the  vessels  ; 
Steady  the  breezes  are  blowing,  the  hour  is  devoted  to  quiet ; 
Pillow  thy  head,  and  from  labor  inveigle  thy  wearying  eye-balls  :  845 

I  for  a  little  myself  will  discharge  thy  duties  by  proxy." 
Scarcely  uplifting  his  eyes,  Palinurus  responsive  bespeaks  him  : 
"  Dost  thou  the  look  of  the  placid  brine,  and  the  quieted  billows 
Bid  me  ignore,  and  commit  myself  to  that  terrible  monster? 

How  can  I  trust  ALneus  in  sooth  to  the  treacherous  breezes  ?  850 

I,  who  so  oft  have  been  tricked  by  the  freaks  of  the  halcyon  heavens  ?" 
Such  were  the  words  he  was  lisping,  and  firmly  and  fast  to  the  tiller 
Never  was  loosing  his  hold,  and  was  keeping  his  eyes  on  the  planets. 
Lo  !  the  god  then  a  bough,  all  dripping  with  Lethean  dew-drops, 
Made  soporific  by  Stygian  spell,  over  both  of  his  temples  855 

Waves,  and  relaxes  his  nictating  eyes  as  he  strives  to  resist  it. 
Scarce  had  the  quiet  unnoticed  unnerved  his  joints  for  the  moment, 
When  he  leaning  down  over  him  pitched  him,  with  part  of  the  stern-post 
Wrenched  with  the  rudder  itself,  off  headlong  into  the  liquid 
Billows,  though  often  and  vainly  calling  aloud  on  his  comrades  :  860 

Whilst  he,  bird-like  flitting,  upsoared  on  the  ambient  breezes. 
Safe  none  the  less  on  its  voyage  does  the  fleet  speed  over  the  waters. 
Borne  by  the  promise  of  father  Neptune  unterrified  onward. 
So  it  was  now,  onwafted,  approaching  the  crngs  of  the  Sirens, 
Dangerous  once,  and  white  with  the  bones  of  many  a  shipwreck  ;  865 


BOOK    V.  lOI 

Then  with  the  ceaseless  surf  from  afar  were  rcsotimlin};  the  hoarse  rock», 

When  the  father  ^4*Ineas  perceives  that  is  rovinjj  the  drifting 

Hark,  with  her  hrlmsinan  lost  ;  and  he  steers  her  himself  on  the  ni'^ht  wave», 

Freqiicnlly  sij^hinj^',  ami  shocked  in  his  soul  by  the  fate  of  his  comrade. 

'•  C)  too  confuIitJi^ly  trustiti);  the  sky  and  the  halcyon  (xrean,  ^,^ 

Thou  on  an  unknown  straiid,  Palmurus,  art  lymg  unburicd  !  " 


BOOK  VL 


Landing  at  Oumse.  5Ineas  repairs  to  the  slirine  of  Apollo : 
Thence,  bj  the  Sibyl  conducted,  he  visits  his  father  in  Hades : 


Thus  he  in  weeping  speaks,  and,  resigning  the  reins  to  his  squadron, 
Glides  on  safely  at  length  to  the  borders  of  Eubaean  Cum^. 
Turn  they  seaward  the  prows  ;  then  anchor  with  grapple  tenacious 
Firmly  was  mooring  the  ships,  and  in  line  are  their  curvated  stern-posts 
Fringing  the  shores.     Outleaps  on  Hesperia's  beach  the  exultant  5 

Band  of  the  warriors  ;  part  of  them  seeds  of  flame  in  the  flmt's  veins 
Hidden  are  seeking  ;  and  others  are  scouring  the  forests,  the  wild  beasts' 
Clustering  lairs,  and  are  noting  the  rivers  already  discovered. 

But  in  the  meantime,  the  pious  ^neas  repairs  to  the  castles, 
Over  which  lofty  Apollo  presides,  and  afar  to  the  cloisters —  lo 

Cavern  immense — of  the  awful  Sibyl,  whose  mind  and  whose  spirit 
Mighty  the  Delian  prophet  inspires,  and  discloses  the  future: 
Now  are  they  entering  Trivia's  groves,  and  her  aureate  mansions. 

Daedalus — such  is  the  legend — in  fleeing  the  kingdom  of  Minos, 
Daring  to  venture  himself  on  impetuous  pinions  to  heaven,  15 

Floated  along  his  unwonted  way  to  the  icy  Arcturus, 
Until  he  gently  alighted  at  length  at  the  castle  of  Chalcis. 
Soon  as  restored  to  these  lands,  he  to  thee,  O  Phoebus,  devoted 
Duly  his  oarage  of  wings,  and  established  magnificent  temples. 
Carving  Androgeos'  death  on  the  doors:  then  the  people  of  Cecrops  20 

Ordered  as  penalty  yearly — a  pity  ! — to  offer  their  children's 
Bodies  by  sevens  as  victims  :  the  urn,  too,  it  set  for  allotments; 
Opposite,  raised  o'er  the  sea,  corresponding  are  Gnosian  highlands: 
Here  Pasiphae's  barbarous  love  for  a  bull  and  its  make-shift 
Carved,  and  her  hybrid  offspring,  double  in  body,  the  mongrel  25 

102 


BOOK    VI.  103 

Mmotniir,  monuments  all  of  the  amours  oi  iiiMmou»  Venn». 

Hire  \s  that  toil  of  a  house,  and  its  ran^e  of  im|)«*;i.sil»lc  exil; 

lliii,  in  comjwtsion  indeed  for  the  jwssionate  love  of  the  princess, 

D.edalus'  self  unraveled  the  puzzle  and  maze  of  the  structure, 

Filoting  'Ihcseus'  steps  by  a  thread;  anil,  in  such  an  achievement,  30 

Thou,  too,  O  Icarus,  hadst,  if  his  grief  hat!  jK-rmiited,  a  large  place 

Holden:  he  thrice  had  attempted  to  model  in  gold  thy  dis.^ 

Ihrice  ttx),  had  fallen  thy  father's  hands.     They  would  doui-t.tbs  have  all  thm^'» 

Thoroughly  scanned  with  their  eyes  had  Achates,  sent  forward  iKrforehand. 

Not  now  arrived,  and  the  priestess  of  Phoebus  and   Trivia  with  him,  35 

Daughter  of  Cilaucus,  I)ciphob<5,  who  thus  addresses  the  monarch: 

•♦Sights  like  these  for  itself  the  present  occasion  demands  not; 

Now  from  the  unyoked  herd  it  were  better  to  sacrifice  seven 

Hulls,  and  as  many  of  yearling  ewes  punctiliously  chosen.'* 

Having  thus  s[x>ke  to  /tineas — nor  linger  the  men  in  the  -service  40 

Ordered — the  priestess  the  'Teucrans  invites  to  her  towering  temples. 
One  vast  side  of  PUi!)oican  rock  hewn  out  in  a  cavern, 
Whither  a  hundred  spacious  approaches  converge,  and  a  hundred 
Mouths,  whence  issue  as  numerous  voices,  the  Sibyl's  resp-juses. 
'They  to  the  threshold  have  come,  when  the  maiden:  "  Tis  time  to  be  seeking  45 
Kates,"  she  exclaims,  "the  god,  lo!  the  godi"    And  as  thus  she  is  s|)eaking 
Fronting  the  doors,  of  a  sudden  her  visage  and  color  have  altered; 
Staid  not  her  tresses  in  trim,  but  her  bosom  is  heaved,  and  her  wild  heart 
Swells  with  a  frenzied  excitement,  and  grander  becomes  her  appearance  : 
Not  as  a  mortal's  her  tones,  inasmuch  as  she  now,  by  a  nearer  50 

Awe  of  her  god  was  inspired:     •*  Art  thou  ceasing  thy  vows  and  entreaties, 
Trojan  yEneas  ?"  she  said,  "art  ceasing?  for  yawn  not  the  spell-lnjund 
Mansion's  ponderous  portals  till  then."     And  she  having  thus  s|K)kcn 
Hushed  into  silence  !     A  shivering  shudder  has  run  through  the  Teucrans* 
Stiffening  bones,  and  their  king  jxnirs  prayers  from  his  innennost  i>osom:  55 

"  Th(rbus,  who  always  hast  pitied  the  grievous  afflictions  of  Troja, 
And  hast  directed  the  hands  and  Dardanian  weaix)ns  of  Paris 
Once  to  Alcides'  l)ody,  I  under  thy  guidance  have  traversed 
Many  a  sea  l"hat  encomjvisses  mighty  lands,  and  have  distant 
Tribes  of  Massy  bans  seen,  and  the  meadows  that  l>order  the  Syrtes,  60 

Now  are  we  grasping  at  length  the  retreating  Italia's  confines: 
Thus  far  only  may  Troja's  disastrous  fortune  have  chasetl  us. 
You,  tot),  now  have  permission  to  sjwre  the  Pergamean  nation. 
All  ye  gods  anil  goildcsses  also,  to  whom  were  obnoxious 
Ilium  once,  and  Dardania's  mighty  glory,  and  thou  most  65 


I04 


THE    .5NEID. 


Reverend  prophetess,  versed  in  the  future,  O  grant  me — I  ask  not 

Kingdoms  not  due  to  my  fates — that  the  Teucrans  in  Latium  settle — 

They  and  their  wandering  home-gods,  and  Troja's  divinities  restless: 

Then  unto  Phoebus  and  Trivia  will  I  a  temple  of  solid 

Marble  establish,  and  festival  days  in  honor  of  Phoebus.  70 

Thee  too,  O  maiden,  do  shrines  magnificent  wait  in  our  kingdoms; 

For  I  will  here  thine  oracular  lots  and  the  fates,  in  concealment 

Told  of  my  nation,  deposit,  and  consecrate  guardians  chosen, 

O  thou  benign  one:     Only  commit  not  thy  verses  to  leaflets, 

Lest  they  disordered  may  flit  at  the  sport  of  the  fluttering  breezes;  75 

Chant  thou  thyself,  I  beseech  thee."     Thus  made  he  an  end  of  his  speaking. 

But  not  yet  in  subjection  to  Phoebus,  the  prophetess  wildly 
Raves  in  her  cavern,  if  she  may  be  able  to  shake  from  her  bosom  the  mighty 
Deity  off;  but  he  only  the  steadier  worries  her  rabid 

Mouth,  and  controlling  her  fierce  heart  molds  her  at  will  by  repressing.  So 

Now  have  spontaneous  opened  the  mansion's  hundred  enormous 
Portals  and  out  on  the  breezes  conveying  the  prophetess'  answers: 
«'  Thou  who  at  length  hast  accomplished  the  mighty  adventures  of  ocean, 
But  there  are  mightier  waiting  on  land;  to  Lavinium's  kingdoms 
Dardanus'  children  shall  come:  this  solicitude  send  from  thy  bosom;  85 

But  they  shall  wish  they  had  not  come:  battles  !  O  horrible  battles  ! 
Looming  I  see,  and  the  Thybris  all  foaming  with  plenteous  carnage: 
Nor  shall  a  Samois  there,  nor  a  Xanthus,  nor  Dorican  camp  grounds 
Fai]  thee.     Another  Achilles  e'en  now  is  in  Latium  ready. 

He, too,  the  son  of  a  goddess;  nor  shall  there  to  Teucrans  an  added  90 

Juno  be  wanting;  then  which  of  Italian  Nations  or  cities 
Wilt  thou,  in  needy  condition,  not  humbly  entreat  for  assistance  ? 
Cause  to  the  Teucrans  of  evil  so  great  shall  again  be  a  foreign 
Bride,  and  again  an  extraneous  marriage: — 

Yield  not,  however,  to  evils,  but  go  thou  the  bolder  against  them  95 

Far  as  thy  fortune  allows  thee.     The  earliest  passage  of  safety. 
Little  as  thou  dost  imagine  it,  lies  through  a  city  of  Grecians." 

Such  were  the  words  in  which  from  her  sanctum  the  Sibyl  of  Cumse 
Chants  her  appalling  enigmas,  and  makes  her  cavern  rebellow, 
Shrouding  the  truth  in  obscurity:  Such  are  the  reins  that  Apollo  loo 

Over  her  shakes  in  her  fume,  as  he  burrows  his  spurs  in  her  bosom. 
Soon  as  her  fury  hath  ceased,  and  her  mad  lips  settled  quiescent, 
Thus  commences  the  hero  A\neas:  "  No  species  of  hardships 
Longer,  O  maiden,  arises  before  me  as  strange  or  unlooked  for: 
All  things  have  I  foreknown,  and  in  soul  have  already  endured  them.  105 


BOOK    VI.  105 

One  ihni;^  s|H'Cial  I  crave,  since  hen-,  it  is  said,  that  the  {jatc-way 

Stands  ot  the  monarch  «nfernal  and  refluent  Acheron's  dark  jkx)I  : 

Let  it  Iht  mine  to  go  down  to  the  sij;hl  and  the  fac;e  of  my  cherished 

Father,- anil  teach  me  the  way  and  the  sacred  avenues  open. 

Him  I  have  even  through  flames,  and  a  thousand  up-following  weapons  no 

Caught  on  my  shoulilers,  and  rescued  him  out  of  the  midsi  of  the  foemcn. 

He  hath  attended  my  journey  ;  with  me  he  was  braving  the  dangers 

All  of  the  sea,  and  all  of  the  threats  of  the  ocean  and  heavens. 

Weak  as  he  was,  and  beyond  e'en  the  strength  and  allotment  of  old-age  ; 

Nay  it  was  he,  that  I  seek  and  as  suppliant  hie  to  thy  threshold,  1 1; 

He  who  was  giving  me  charges.     ()  pity  the  son  and  the  father 

Kindly,  I  pray  thee,  for  thou  canst  do  all  things  :     Hecate  hath  not 

Utterly  vainly  appointed  thee  over  the  groves  of  Avernus. 

Surely  if  Orpheus  once  could  summon  the  shade  of  his  consort, 

Trusting  alone  to  his  Thracian  lyre,  and  melodious  harp-strings,  120 

Aye,  and  if  Pollux  redeemed,  by  alternately  tlying,  his  brother, 

(ioing  and  coming  this  journey  so  often — and  why  should  I  mention 

Theseus  the  great,  or  Alcides? — my  race  is  from  Jupiter  highest." 

Such  were  the  words  in  which  he  was  praying  and  clasping  the  altars, 
When  thus  'gan  speak  the  prophetess;  "Sprung  from  the  blood  of  the  great  gods,  125 
Trojan  son  of  Anchises,  descent  to  Avernus  is  easy. 
Nights  and  days  stands  open  the  portal  of  hideous  Pluto, 
Put  to  retrace  one's  steps,  and  return  to  the  air  of  the  dav-light, 
This  is  a  drudgery,  this  is  a  labor.     But  few  whom  impartial 

Jove  hath  esteemed,  and  whom  glittering  worth  hath  e.xalted  to  heaven,  130 

Sons  of  the  gods,  have  achieved  it  :     O'er  all  intermediate  spaces 
F^orests  abound,  and  with  dark  flood  glitling  Cocytus  surrounds  them. 
But  if  so  keen  is  the  zest  of  thy  mind,  and  so  earnest  thy  longing 
Twice  to  sail  over  the  Stygian  lake,  and  twice  on  the  dismal 

Tartarus  look,  and  if  pleased  to  indulge  in  the  crazy  endeavor.  135 

Heed  what  first  must  be  done.     On  a  shadowy  tree  in  the  wild  woods 
Nestles  a  bough,  that  is  golden  alike  in  its  leafage  and  pliant 
Stem,  and  regarded  as  sacred  to  Juno  infernal  :  the  whole  grove 
Screens  it,  and  shadows  enclose  it  around  in  the  darkening  valleys. 
But  it  is  granted  to  none  to  go  down  in  earth's  gloomy  recesses,  140 

Save  as  he  first  shall  have  plucked  from  its  tree  this  golden-haired  offshoot 
This  hath  the  graceful  Proserpina  strictly  ordained  as  a  sficcial 
(iift  to  be  brought  her.     When  one  has  been  taken  another  as  goklen 
Fails  not,  but  sprouts  there  frondescent  a  scion  of  similar  metal. 
Therefore  go  trace  it  on  high  with  thine  eyes,  and,  when  duly  discovered.        145 


I  Ob  THE    ^NEID. 

Pluck  it  by  hand  ;  for  it  freely  and  easy  will  follow,  if  haply 

Fates  are  inviting  thee  ;  otherwise  thou  by  no  possible  efforts 

Canst  overcome  it,  or  wrench  it  away  with  the  hardest  of  iron. 

Furthermore  lifeless  is  lying  the  corpse  of  thy  friend,  though  alas!  thou 

Knowest  it  not,  and  by  death  it  is  tainting  the  whole  of  thy  squadron,  150 

Whilst  thou  art  seeking  responses  and  hanging  afar  on  our  threshold  : 

Carry  him  first  to  his  home,  and  in  sepulchre  fitting  entomb  him  ; 

Bring  black  sheep,  and  be  these  thy  precursory  propitiations  : 

So  shalt  thou  gaze  at  length  on  the  Stygian  groves  and  the  kingdoms 

Barred  to  the  living."     Spake  she  and  closing  her  lips  she  was  silent.  155 

Fixing  his  eyes  on  the  ground,  and  with  countenance  saddened  ^neas 
Strides  forth,  quittmg  the  cavern,  and  pensively  ponders  the  mystic 
Issues  alone  in  his  mind  :  his  companion,  the  faithful  Achates, 
Paces  along,  and  his  footsteps  plants  in  an  equal  abstraction. 
Much  they  in  varied  discourse  were  discussing  the  one  with  the  other,  160 

Which  of  their  comrades  the  prophetess  spoke  of  as  lifeless,  whose  body 
Ought  to  be  buried  :  but  when  they  have  come  they  behold  on  the  dry  Ijcach 
Lying  Misenus,  removed  by  a  death  undeserving — Misenus 
yEolus'  son,  than  whom  none  other  was  abler  in  rousing 

Men  with  his  trumpet,  and  kindling  with  music  the  spirit  of  warfare.  165 

He  had  the  mighty  Hector's  associate  been,  and  by  Hector's 
Side  had  contended  in  battles,  renowned  for  his  bugle  and  war-spear. 
After  Achilles  as  victor  had  plundered  the  life  of  his  chieftain. 
Had  the  redoubtable  hero  as  comrade  to  Dardan  ^neas 

Added  himself,  thus  following  no  inferior  fortunes  :  170 

But  then  haply,  while  making  the  waters  resound  with  his  hollow 
Conch-shell,  dazed  by  his  music,  he  challenges  gods  to  a  contest. 
Triton  in  jealousy — if  it  be  worthy  of  credence — surprising 
Plunges  the  man  in  the  midst  of  the  rocks  in  the  lathery  surges. 
Hence  were  they  all  there  mourning  with  dolorous  wailing  around  him,  175 

Chiefly  the  pious  ^neas.     So  then  the  commands  of  the  Sibyl, 
Pauseless  they  hasten  in  tears  to  perform,  and  a  sepulchre's  altar 
Vyingly  gather  of  trees,  and  they  heap  it  up  even  to  heaven. 
Sally  they  out  in  the  primitive  forests,  the  haunts  of  the  wild-beasts  : 
Down  fall  the  pines,  and  the  holly  resounds  with  the  strokes  of  their  a.xes,       180 
Timbers  of  ash,  and  the  cleavable  oak  are  with  beetle  and  wedges 
Split,  and  they  roll  the  enormous  wild-ash  down  from  the  mountains. 
Foremost  among  them  ^neas,  amid  such  laborious  service. 
Cheers  his  companions,  accoutred  as  they  with  the  tools  of  a  woodman  : 
But  with  himself  in  his  own  sad  heart  he  is  pondering  these  things,  185 


BO(JK    VI.  107 

Scanning  the  limitlcbs  furests,  and  atidilily  ihun  he  iKftc'Cchcii : 
•*  t)  that  that  goUlcn  lujiigh  on  its  tree  would  rrvcal  u»  ilscif  now, 
litTc-  in  so  lH)iinilU-ss  a  wood,  inasmuch  as  the  prophitcss  ail  thin({» 
Truly  of  thcc,  ()  .MiM:nus,  alas  !  but  too  truly  hath  s;)okcn  I" 
Scarce  had  he  uttered  these  words,  when  it  chanced  that  a  couple  of  pigeons    190 
("ame,  and  under  the  champion's  own  eyes,  llying  fnjm  heaven, 
Settled  adown  on  the  green  sod  :  then  doe^that  mightiest  hero 
Recognize  these,  as  the  birds  of  his  mother  and  gladly  entreats  them  : 
•*  He  ye  my  guitles,  if  theie  be  any  way,  and  y(;iir  course  through  the  clear  air 
Kiiully  direct  in  the  gr«)vcs,  where  the  rich  bough  shadows  the  fertile  195 

Soil,  and,  O  jxirent  divine,  in  my  burdened  jK-rplexity  fail  not 
Thou  to  befriend  me."     And  having  thus  spoken  he  slackened  his  foot  steps, 
Watching  what  tokens  they  bring  him,  and  where  they  continue  to  hover. 
Feeding  along  they  proceeded  only  so  far  in  their  flying. 

As  that  the  eyes  of  pursuers  could  keep  them  in  sight  in  the  distance.  200 

Then  when  the  pigeons  have  come  to  the  jaws  of  the  noisome  Avernus, 
Swiftly  they  soar  aloft,  and  gliding  adown  through  tlie  licjuid 
.Air  they  alight  at  their  coveted  roosts  on  the  top  of  a  twin-tree, 
Whence  through  the  branches  the  changeably  dazzling  glitter  of  gold  flashed; 
Just  as  the  mistletoe  often  is  wont  in  the  forests  in  winter's  205 

Coldness  to  bloom,  with  a  freshness  of  foliage  such  as  its  own  tree 
Yields  not,  and  wreathe  with  a  yellow  florescence  the  ta|x;ring  tree-trunks  : 
Such  was  the  look  of  the  f(jliaged  gold  as  it  stood  on  the  shading 
Holly,  and  so  in  the  whispering  breezes  was  crackling  the  gold-foil. 
Forthwith  seizes  /Kneas,  and  eagerly  severs,  the  clinging  210 

Stock,  and  conveys  it  within  the  abode  of  the  seeress,  the  Sibyl. . 

Meanwhile  no  less  for  Misenus  the  Teucrans  were  out  on  the  sea-beach 
Weeping,  and  [xxying  their  last  respects  to  insensible  ashes. 
First  they  a  pyre  enormous,  constructed  of  resinous  pitch-pine 
F'aggots,  and  split  oak-wood,  and  entwine  its  sides  with  the  sombre  215 

(ireens,  and  along  its  front  the  funereal  cypresses  closely 
Range  in  rows,  and  adorn  it  above  with  his  glittering  armor. 
Part  of  them  lukewarm  liquids,  and  flame-heated  simmering  caldrons 
Briskly  pre{xTre,  and  they  bathe  and  anoint  the  remains  of  the  cold  dead. 
Wailing  is  made  :  then  they  back  his  bewept  limbs  lay  on  a  mattress  ;  230 

Over  them  tenderly  spread  they  his  purple  ap{)arel,  his  well-known 
Vestments.      .\  part  have  the  cumbersome  bier  uplifted,  a  mournful 
Ser\'icc,  and,  turning  their  faces  away  in  the  style  of  their  (wrents, 
Held  out  the  lighted  torch  ;  and  the  piled  up  presents  of  incense, 
Viands,  and  vessels  of  out-|X)ured  oil  are  together  cremated.  225 


I08  THE    ^NEID. 

After  the  ashes  have  settled  away  and  the  flame  hath  subsided, 

When  they  have  washed  with  wine  the  remains,  and  the  bibulous  embers, 

Then  Corynaeus  enclosed  the  collected  bones  in  a  bronze  urn. 

Thrice  did  the  same  man  bear  pure  water  around  his  companions. 

Sprinkling  with  sprayey  dew  and  a  branch  of  proliferous  olive,  230 

And  so  lustrated  the  men,  and  pronounced  the  final  expressions. 

But  the  pious  yEneas  imposes  a  mound  of  stupendous 

Size,  and  implants  the  arms  of  the  hero,  his  oar  and  his  trumpet. 

Under  a  breezy  mount,  which  is  called,  from  the  hero,  Misenus 

Still,  and  the  name  it  shall  hold  on  down  through  the  ages  forever.  235 

These  things  properly  finished,  he  follows  the  Sibyl's  instructions. 
There  was  a  cave  profound  and  vast,  with  an  opening  enormous. 
Scraggy,  and  screened  by  a  murksome  lake  and  the  gloom  of  the  thickets, 
Over  which  could  there  no  flying  creatures  on  pinions  a  passage 
Risk  with  impunity,  such  was  the  exhalation  that,  pouring  240 

'Out  of  its  blackened  jaws,  uprose  to  the  vault  of  the  heavens: 
Whence  have  the  Grecians  applied  to  the  place  the  name  of  Aornos. 
Here  does  the  priestess  initially  four  young  bullocks  with  black  backs 
Range  in  a  row,  and  the  wines  libatively  tip  on  their  foreheads. 
Plucking  with  care  from  between  their  horns  the  conspicuous  bristles,  245 

Puts  she  them  into  the  sacred  fires  as  initial  libation. 
Loudly  on  Hecate  calling  in  heaven  and  Erebus  potent. 

Others  the  butcher-knives  place  'neath  the  victims'  throats,  and  the  warm  blood 
Catch  in  the  basins:     ^neas  himself,  too,  a  lamb  with  a  black-hued 
Fleece  to  the  mother  of  Furies,  to  Night,  and  her  powerful  sister  _  250 

Slays  with  his  own  sword,  and  to  thee,  O  Proserpina,  also  a  barren 
Heifer:  then,  rearing  him  altars  by  night  to  the  Stygian  monarch. 
Heaps  in  their  flames  whole  carcasses  solid  of  sacrificed  bullocks, 
Pouring  the  rich  olive-oil  above  on  the  smouldering  entrails. 

But  lo  !  just  as  the  glimmer  appeared  of  the  earliest  sunrise,  255 

Under  their  feet  did  the  ground  begin  to  rumble,  the  wooded 
Hills  to  be  moved,  and  the  hell-hounds  seemed  to  howl  in  the  darkness. 
Signs  of  the  goddess  approaching:   "  Away,  O  away  ye  unhallowed  !"   . 
Screeches  the  prophetess,   '*  stand  ye  afar  from  the  whole  grove  ! 
But  march  thou  on  thy  way,  and  unsheathe  thy  sword  from  its  scabbard;  260 

Now  is  there  need,  O  y^^^neas,  of  bravery,  now  of  a  stout  heart." 
So  much  spake  she,  and  furious  dashed  in  the  wide-open  cavern  ! 
He  with  no  timorous  steps  keeps  pace  with  his  guide  as  she  marches. 

O  ye  deities,  whose  is  the  empire  of  souls,  and  ye  silent 
Spectres,  and  Chaos,  and  Phlegethon,  realms  wide  hushed  in  the  midnight,       265 


BOOK    VI.  109 

Be  it  my  ritjht  to  relate  what  was  heard;  ami,  iinJer  your  sanction, 

Mijjf  II  to  reveal  things  merjjcci  in  the  drpths  of  the  earth  and  in  darknesii. 

Dimly,  in  lonesome  night,  they  were  wending  along  through  the  shadows, 
On  through  the  vacuous  mansions,  and  phantomy  kingdoms  of  I'luto: 
Such  by  the  glimmering  mcx^n-light,  under  its  ghastly  malignant  370 

(ilare,  is  a  journey  in  forests,  when  Jove  has  the  heavens 
Shrouiled,  and  elwny  night  has  abstracted  their  color  from  objects. 

Fronting  the  vestibule  space,  in  the  outermost  purlieus  of  Orcus, 
(•rief  and  vindictive  Remorse  have  established  their  merciless  couches; 
There,  too,  are  pallid  Diseases  abiding,  and  piteous  Old-age,  »75 

Fear,  and  depravity  tempting  F'amine,  and  squalid  Privation: 
Frightful  their  forms  to  behold  !      I'here  Death,  and  Drudgery  irksome 
Crouch,  then  Death's  blood-relative,  Sleep,  and  depravcly  alluring 
Lusts  of  the  mind,  and  mortiferous  War  on  the  opi)osite  threshold: 
There  the  Eumenides'  steel-cased  chambers,  and  riotous  Discord,  jfio 

Wreathing  her  vipery  hair  with  the  gory  fillets  of  carnage. 

Right  in  the  vestibule's  centre  an  elm-tree  shadowy,  monstrous 
Stretches  its  branches  and  olden  arms,  which  they  tell  us  that  vain  dreams 
Hold  as  their  roost,  and  under  each  leaf  of  its  foliage  nestle. 
Numerous  monsters,  moreover,  of  various  beasts  in  the  door-ways  285 

Stand  in  their  stalls,  the  Centaurs,  and  bi-formed  Scylla,  and  hundred 
Handed  Briarius;  there,  too,  the  hideous  Hydra  of  Lerna, 
Horribly  hissing;  and,  armed  with  her  flames,  the  unsightly  Chimera; 
Gorgons,  and  Harpies,  and  form  of  the  three-bodied  (ieryon  spectre. 
Hereupon,  quaking  with  sudden  affrightment,  /Kneas  his  steel  sword  29c 

Seizes,  and  offers  its  keen  edge  drawn,  as  they  sally  u|vin  him; 
And  dill  his  sage  comp.uiion  not  warn  him  that  they  are  but  thin  ghosts, 
H(Kliless  flitting  about  in  the  hollow  disguise  of  a  phantom. 
He  would  in  vain  rush  on  them,  and  sever  the  shades  with  his  s,-ibre. 

Hence  is  the  road  which  conducts  to  Tartarean  .Acheron's  billows;  295 

Here,  all  turbid  with  mire,  and  immense  in  its  eddy,  a  whirlpool 
Surges,  and  all  of  its  sand  disembogues  full  into  Cocytus. 
Charon,  the  horrible  ferryman,  guards  these  waters  and  currents. 
Frightful  in  squalor;  ujx)n  whose  chin  a  most  plentiful,  grizzly 
Heard  is  reposing  unkempt,  and  in  flame  stand  glaring  his  eye-balls:  300 

Down  by  a  knot  from  his  shoulders  is  hanging  a  slovenly  mantle: 
Shoves  he  his  craft  with  a  pole,  and  attends  himself  to  the  sails,  too, 
•And  in  his  wherry  ferruginous  ferries  the  carcasses  over. 
Elderly  now,  but  lusty,  and  green  is  the  deity's  old  age. 
Hither  adown  to  the  banks  was  the  whole  throng  streamingly  rushing.  305 


I  lo  THE    ^NEID. 

Matrons  and  men,  and  with  life  completed  the  bodies  of  noble 

Heroes,  and  boys,  and  girls  unmarried,  and  youths  who  have  been  laid 

Out  on  the  funeral  pile  before,  and  in  presence  of  parents. 

Thick  as  the  loosening  leaves  that  fall  by  the  early  autumnal 

Frosts  in  the  forests;  or  thick  as  the  birds  from  the  fathomless  surges  310 

Clustering  flock  to  the  land,  when  the  chill  of  a  rigorous  winter 

Hurries  them  over  the  deep,  and  sends  them  to  sunnier  regions: 

There  they  were  standing  beseeching  to  cross  o'er  the  channel  the  foremost, 

Stretching  their  hands  toward  the  margin  beyond  with  a  pitiful  longing; 

But  now  these,  and  now  those  is  the  grim-faced  boatman  receiving,  315 

Whilst  from  the  strand  removed  he  is  keeping  the  rest  at  a  distance. 

Spake  then  ALnens,  for  wondered  he  much,  and  was  moved  by  the  tumult: 

"  Tell  me,"  saith  he,   "  O  maiden,  what  meaneth  this  rush  to  the  river  ? 

What  do  the  spirits  desire  ?  or  by  what  distinction  are  these  here 

Leaving  the  margins,  and  sweeping  with  oars  the  tenebrious  waters  ?"  320 

Then  did  the  long-lived  priestess  responsive  thus  briefly  address  him: 

'•'  Child  by  Anchises  begotten,  of  gods  an  undoubted  descendent. 

Thou  dost  the  deep  pools  see  of  Cocytus,  and  Stygian  quagmire, 

By  whose  divinity  gods  are  afraid  to  swear  and  be  faithless: 

All  this  throng  which  thou  dost  discern  is  forlorn  and  unburied:  325 

That  is  the  ferryman,  Charon;  those  borne  o'er  the  wave  are  sepultured: 

Nor  is  it  granted  him  over  the  horrible  banks,  and  the  roaring 

Currents  to  ferry  them,  ere  their  remains  have  in  sepulchres  rested. 

Round  these  shores,  for  a  hundred  years,  they  wander  and  hover; 

Then  they  at  length,  when  admitted,  revisit  these  coveted  waters."  330 

Paused  the  Anchises-begotten,  and  silently  slackened  his  footsteps, 

Pondering  much,  and  he  pitied  in  soul  their  unequal  allotment. 

There  he  discovers  dejected,  and  lacking  funereal  honors, 

Noble  Leucaspis,  and  leader  of  Lycia's  squadrons,  Orontes, 

Whom,  together  from  Troja  o'er  waters  tempestuous  wafted,  335 

South-winds  whelmed,  engulfing  in  water  the  ship  and  its  heroes. 

Lo  !  Palinurus,  his  pilot,  himself  was  advancing  to  meet  him, 
Who  had  of  late  on  the  Libyan  voyage,  while  watching  the  planets. 
Off  from  the  stern-deck  pitched,  outsprawled  in  the  midst  of  the  billows. 
Him,  when  he  knew  him,  though  scarcely  demure  in  the  thickening  shadows,  340 
Thus  he  abruptly  addresses:     "  Ah  !  which  of  the  gods,  Palinurus, 
Snatched  thee  from  us,  and  plunged  thee  deep  in  the  midst  of  the  waters  ? 
Tell  me,  I  pray,  for  Apollo,  who  never  before  was  fallacious 
Found,  in  this  single  response  alone  hath  deluded  my  spirit, 
Who  was  descanting  that  thou  shouldst  be  safe  on  the  deep, and  at  length  wouUls;  345 


BOOK    Vf.  Ill 

Come  to  Ausonin's  ronfinc».      Is  this,  thm,  thr  fnith  that  he     '    **    I  *" 

But  he  :     **  Neither  in  sooth  hath  the  trijKKl  of  rh<rf»u»  <!•'  •        .  ^icc,  •• 

Son  of  Anchises  our  leader,  nor  yet  hath  a  j;oil  in  the  w.it   • 

Plunged  me  ;  for  wrenched  by  a  terrible  force  I  the  helm,  as  it  happened. 

To  which  I  as  wat(  hman  appointed  was  clinj^ing  and  guiding  our  courses,         350 

Dragged  precipitous  with  me.     I  swear  by  the  turbulent  high  seas. 

That  for  myself  did  there  no  such  fearful  solicitude  seize  mr, 

As  lest,  stripjK'd  of  c<]uipments,  and  reft  of  her  helmsman,  the  vessel 

Founder  defenseless,  when  billows  so  awful  were  surging  around  her. 

Three  wild  wintry  nights  on  the  Ixiimdlcss  expanse  tlid  the  South-wind  355 

Violent  waft  me  in  water,  and  scarcely  I,  e'en  at  the  fourth  dawn. 

Sighted  Italia,  high  as  I  rose  on  the  uppermost  billows. 

Slowly  I  swam  to  the  land,  and  already  was  reaching  a  refuge, 

Had  not  the  barbarous  nation,  while  still  by  my  saturate  garments 

Weighted,  antl  clutching  with  claw-hands  fast  to  the  caps  of  the  mountain,      360 

Roughly  attacked  me,  and  ignorant  deemed  me  an  object  of  plunder. 

Surges  now  hold  me,  antl  wild  winds  whirl  me  about  on  the  sand-l)each  : 

Wherefore,  by  heaven's  enjoyable  light,  and  its  breathable  breezes, 

O,  by  thy  sire  I  entreat,  by  the  hopes  of  the  rising  lUlus, 

Rescue  me,  O  thou  invincible  one,  from  these  tortures,  and  either  365 

Heap  on  me  earth,  for  thou  canst,  and  revisit  the  Velian  harbors. 

Or,  if  there  be  any  way  ;  if  the  goddess  who  lK)re  thee  hath  showed  thee 

Any — for  not,  I  am  certain,  without  the  deities*  sanction 

Art  thou  essaying  to  sail  on  such  streams,  on  the  Stygian  quagmire — 

Grant  me  thy  right  hand  wretched,  and  bear  me  with  thee  o'er  the  billows,       370 

That  I  at  least  in  death  may  re{X)se  in  agreeable  quarters." 

Thus  he  had  sptjken,  when  thus  in  responding  the  seeress  proceeded  : 
"  Whence  this  so  unaccountable  yearning  of  thine,  Palinurus  ? 
Wilt  thou,  unburied,  on  Stygian  waters,  and  river  relentless 

Gaze  of  Eumenides?     Or  to  its  margin  unbidden  adventure?  375 

Cease  thou  to  ho|>e  that  the  deities'  fates  can  be  changed  by  entreating, 
But  take  mindful  these  words,  as  a  solace  of  ^ievous  disaster  ; 
For  the  contiguous  nations,  far  and  wide  through  their  cities. 
Shall,  by  celestial  prodigies  moved,  to  thy  bones  an  atonement 
Render,  and  rear  thee  a  tomb,  to  thy  tomb  shall  they  annual  honors  380 

Pay,  and  the  place  shall  retain  the  name  Palinlri  s  forever." 
So  by  these  words  were  his  troubles  removed,  and  his  grief  for  a  little 
Checked  in  his  sorrowful  heart  :  he  is  pleased  with  a  land  of  his  own  name. 

Therefore  their  journey  begun  they  pursue,  and  approach  to  the  river. 
Soon  as  the  ferryman  spies  Ihem,  thence  from  theStygian  billows,  385 


I  12  THE    /ENEID. 


Coming  through  silent  woods,  and  directing  their  steps  to  the  margin, 
Thus  in  advance  with  commands  he  assails  them,  and  challenges  promptly  :- 
"  Whosoever  thou  art,  who  armed  art  bound  to  our  river. 
Quick  say,  why  art  thou  come,  now  there,  and  slacken  thy  footsteps  ; 
This  is  the  region  of  shades  and  of  sleep,  and  of  slumberous  midnight  ;  390 

Live  men's  bodies  it  is  not  allowed  me  to  waft  in  my  Stygian  wherry. 
I  was  not  pleased  in  the  least  that  I  here  on  the  lake  at  his  coming 
Welcomed  Alcides,  nor  Theseus,  yea  and  Pirithoiis  likewise. 
Though  they  were  sprung  from  the  gods,  and  possessed  an  invisible  power  ;. 
For  with  his  hand  he  attacked  the  Tartarean  sentry,  and  dragged  him  395 

Trembling  in  fetters  away  from  the  very  throne  of  our  sovereign, 
They  e'en  essayed  from  her  chamber  to  carry  the  mistress  of  Pluto  !" 
Briefly  responding  to  these  the  Amphrysian  seeress  addressed  him  : 
"  No  such  stratagems  here,  so  abstain  from  excitable  passion  ; 
Nor  do  our  weapons  mean  force  :  let  the  janitor  huge,  in  his  cavern  40c 

Barking  eternally,  frighten  these  bloodlessly  shivering  spectres  ; 
Let,  too,  the  chaste  Proserpina  keep  in  the  home  of  her  uncle. 
Trojan  ^neas,  for  piety  famous  and  famous  in  armor, 
Down  to  the  nethermost  shadows  of  Erebus  goes  to  his  father. 
If  no  ideal  of  such  an  example  of  piety  moves  thee,  405 

Yet  this  bough— She  discloses  the  bough  concealed  in  her  vesture- 
Surely  thou  knowest."     Then  settles  his  heart  from  its  tumefied  anger. 
Spake  they  no  more  than  these  ;  but  he,  gazing  in  awe  on  the  wondrous 
Boon  of  the  fateful  spriglet,  beheld  now  after  a  long  time. 

Turns  his  cerulean  stern  to  the  bank,  and  approaches  the  landing.  410 

Thence  he  the  other  souls,  that  were  seated  along  on  the  benches. 
Hustled,  and,  clearing  the  gangways,  welcomes  at  once  to  his  shallop 
Mighty  ^neas.      His  seam-stitched  skiff,  weighed  down  by  the  burden. 
Groaned,  and  crevicy  bilges  a  plentiful  puddle  of  water. 

Safely  at  length  he  over  the  current  the  seeress  and  hero  415 

Lands,  in  the  horrible  mire  in  sea-green  sedge  on  the  margin. 

These  are  the  realms  huge  Cerberus  makes  to  resound  with  his  three-mouthed 
Barking,  reclinmg  enormous  in  bulk  in  the  opposite  cavern. 
Seeing  his  necks  now  just  beginning  to  bristle  with  adders. 

Promptly  the  seeress  a  cake,  soporific  with  honey  and  drugged  fruits,  420 

Flings  him  :  he,  opening  widely  his  three  throats  rabid  with  hunger, 
Snatches  the  out-thrown  sop,  and  relaxes  his  haunches  enormous, 
Sprawled  on  the  ground,  and  is  stretched  out  huge  m  the  whole  of  the  cavern. 
Seizes  ^neas  the  pass,  and,  the  sentinel  buried  in  slumber, 
Quickly  escapes  from  the  bank  of  the  irreturnable  billow.  4^5 


BOOK    VI.  I  ij 

Presently  voices  arc  hc.irtl  a»  of  cryinj;,  anil  loud  was  the  wailing, 
Spirit!!  of  wccpiM);  hahcs  in  the  outcrnioht  |N>rch  of  the  threshold, 
Whom,  of  their  sweet  lite  cheated  and  snatched  from  the  breast,  has  a  doleful 
Dark  day  taken  away,  and  o'erwhclined  in  a  bitter  removal. 

Near  them  were  these  unto  death  condemned  on  a  llimsy  indictment,  430 

Vet  not  without  an  allottment  or  jud^e  are  their  stations  assigned  them  : 
Minos  as  arbiter  shuffles  the  urn,  and  he  sununons  a  silent 
Court  of  the  dead,  and  judicially  learns  oi  their  lives  and  indictments. 
Then  ne.xt  places  the  sad  ones  hold,  who  have  on  ihein  a  death-doom 
Guilelessly  brought  by  their  own  rash  hands,  and  have,  loathing  the  day-light,  435 
Thrown  their  lives  away  ;  but  how  willingly  now  in  the  up|x;r 
Air  they  would  bear  destitution,  and  undergo  rigorous  hartlships  ; 
Justice  debars,  and  the  loathsome  pool,  with  its  hideous  billow, 
Bmds,  and  the  Sty.x,  nine  limes  intervemngly  flowing,  restricts  them. 

Not  far  hence  there  are  shown  them,  extending  in  every  direction,  440 

Plains  of  mourning,  for  so  by  a  name  distinctive  they  call  them  ; 
Here  those,  whom  uncontrollable  love  has  with  cruel  consumption 
Wasted,  secluded  retreats  conceal,  and  a  forest  of  myrtle 
Screens  them  around  ;  for  not  even  in  death  do  their  troubles  torsake  them. 
In  these  localities  Ph;edra,  and  Procris,  and  sad  Eriphyle  445 

Showing  the  wounds  of  her  murderous  son,  he  descries,  and  Evadne, 
Vea,  anil  Pasiphae  also,  anil  with  them,  Laodamia 
Comes  their  attendant,  and  C.cneus,  young  man  once,  but  a  woman 
Now,  and  again  transformed  by  fate  to  his  primitive  figure. 

Mid  them,  fresh  from  her  wound,  the  Phoenician  Dido  was  roaming  450 

Out  in  the  limitless  forest :  as  soon  as  the  hero  of  Troja 
Stood  near  by  her,  and  knew  her,  as  seen  through  the  darkening  shadows 
Dimly,  as  one  who  sees  on  the  first  of  the  month,  or  who  vaguely 
Thinks  he  has  seen  the  moon  through  the  clouds,  he  in  swelling  emotion 
Let  fall  tears,  and  in  tones  of  lender  affection  aiKIressed  her  :  455 

•*  Ill-fated  Dido,  was  then  the  intelligence  true  that  had  early 
Reached  me,  that  thou  wert  no  more,  and  had  courted  thy  end  with  a  sabre? 
Was  I,  alas  !  the  cause  of  thy  slabbing?     I  swear  by  the  planets. 
Nay,  by  Supcrnals,  and  F'ailh,  if  there  any  exists  in  the  deep  earth. 
Solemnly  that  I,  O  Queen,  unwillingly  quitted  thy  seal)oard.  460 

Put  the  commands  of  the  deities,  which  now  force  me  to  journey 
Down  through  these  shadtiws,  through  places  infested  with  mould  and  profoundest 
Night,  by  their  orders  compelled  me  :  I  could  not  believe  I  u\x)n  thee 
Brought  such  incredible  sorrow  as  this  by  my  hurried  de|)arture. 
Slacken  thy  pace,  and  withdraw  not  thyself  from  our  sight  as  offended:  465 


J  14  THE    ^NEID. 

Whom  art  thou  fleeing?  for  this  is  the  last  that  by  fate  I  address  thee." 

By  such  words  was  ^neas  essaying  her  fiery,  and  fiercely 

Glouring  spirit  to  soothe,  and  was  wakening  tears  of  compassion. 

She  was  retaining  her  eyes  fixed  firm  on  the  ground  in  aversion; 

No  more  moved  is  her  face  by  the  speech  he  attempted  than  if  she  470 

Stood  unimpressible  flint,  or  a  crag  of  Marpesean  marble. 

Off  she  has  started  at  length,  and  disdainfully  back  to  the  shady 

Wood  has  precipitate  fled,  where  Sychseus,  her  husband  aforetime, 

Kindly  responds  to  her  cares,  and  reciprocates  loving  attachment. 

Nevertheless  does  yEneas,  appalled  by  her  grievous  disaster,  475 

Follow  her  weeping  afar,  and  he  pities  her  sore  as  she  leaves  him. 

Thence  he  continues  the  journey  allowed;  and  anon  they  were  reaching 
Farthermost  fields,  where  secludedly  gather  the  famous  in  warfare. 
Here  runs  up  to  him  Tydeiis;  there  the  distinguished  in  armor 
Parthenopsiis,  and  yonder  the  spectre  of  palid  Adrastus:  480 

Here  by  survivors  the  greatly  bewept,  and  in  battle  the  fallen 
Dardans  of  old,  o'er  whom  he,  beholding  them  all  in  a  long  line, 
Sighs,  e'en  Glaucus,  and  Mendon,  Thersilochus,  too,  and  the  three  brave 
Sons  of  Antenor,  and  sacred  to  Ceres  her  priest,  Polyphcetes; 
Yea,  and  Idaeiis  to  even  his  armor  and  chariot  clinging.  4S5 

Round  him  on  right  hand  and  left  Stand  eagerly  thronging  the  spirits  : 
Once  to  have  seen  him  suffices  them  not;  it  delights  them  to  linger 
Long,  and  to  walk  by  his  side,  and  to  learn  the  intent  of  his  coming. 
Danaan  nobles,  however,  the  Agamemnonian  cohorts. 

When  they  the  man,  and  his  glittering  armor,  beheld  through  the  shadows,      490 
Tremble  with  marvelous  terror  :  part  in  their  panic  their  backs  turn  ; 
Just  as  they  formerly  hied  to  their  vessels  :  a  part  an  enfeebled 
Utterance  raise,  the  attempted  vociferance  bafiles  the  gapers. 

But  he  the  offspring  of  Priam,  Deiphobus  here,  with  his  whole  frame 
Brutally  mangled,  beholds,  and  his  features,  his  cruelly  haggled  495 

Features,  and  both  of  his  hands,  and  his  temples  despoiled  of  his  severed 
Ears,  and  his  nostrils  gashed  by  an  ignominious  sword-cut, 
So  that  he  hardly  knew  him  in  chringing  and  hiding  his  shameful 
Tortures  from  sight;  and  in  well-known  tones  he  abruptly  accosts  him  : 
•*  Valiant  Deiphobus,  born  from  the  blood  exalted  of  Teucer,  500 

Who  hath  desired  to  inflict  such  a  barbarous  punishment  on  thee  ? 
Who  was  allowed  such  a  tyranny  over  thee  ?     Rumor  that  last  night 
Brought  me  the  tidings  that,  wearied  by  slaughter  immense  of  Pelasgi, 
Thou  hadst  sunk  down  slain  on  a  heap  of  promiscuous  carnage  : 
Then  I  myself  on  the  coast  of  Rhaetciim  reared  thee  an  empty  505 


BOOK  vr.  115 

Toml),  and  I  thrice  in  vocit'crous  uttrrancc  callcil  on  thy  spirit  : 

Guarding  the  s\x)i  arc  thy  name  antl  thine  armor;  hut,  friend,  I  could  neither 

See  thee,  nor  lay  thee  dej-artinj;  to  rest  in  the  land  of  thy  fathers." 

To  which  Priam*s  son  :  "  Nothing,  O  friend,  unto  thee  was  remaining; 

All  to  Deiphobus,  and  to  his  ahadcH  in  funereal  service  510 

Thou  hast  discharged;  but  my  fates,  and  I^cxne.Hn  Helen's  atrocious 

Crime  in  these  woes  have  oVrAihelmcd  me  :  she  these  moment'x's  hath  left  m'-; 

For  how  we,  in  the  midst  of  delusive  rcjoicini^s,  that  last  night 

S|K-nt,  thou  hast  known,  and  too  well  it  must  need  have  Inren  kept  in  remembrance. 

When  the  calamitous  horse,  at  a  hound,  over  Pergamus  beetling  515 

Came,  and  pregnant  a  full-armed  infantry  bore  in  its  lielly. 

She  simulating  a  dance,  was  the  Bacchanal  Phrygian  women 

Leading  around  in  their  orgies,  herself  in  their  midst  was  a  huge  torch 

Swinging,  and  beckoning  Danaans  in  from  the  heights  of  the  castle. 

Then,  all  exhausted  by  cares,  and  encumbered  by  slumber,  the  ill-starred       520 

Marital  chamber  possessed  me,  and  lying  a  sweet  and  unbroken 

Quiet,  the  image  of  placid  death,  overcame  me  unconscious. 

•Meanwhile  my  excellent  s|x>use  all  arm<jr  removes  fn)m  my  mansions. 

Yea,  and  had  even  withdrawn  from  my  head  my  reliable  broitl-sword  : 

Into  my  home  she  invites  Menelaiis,  and  opens  the  thresht)lds,  525 

Hoping,  forsooth,  it  would  prove  a  magnificent  gift  to  her  lover. 

And  that  thus  might  l)e  quenched  the  disgrace  of  her  former  offenses. 

Why  do  I  linger  ?     They  burst  in  my  room — the  inciter  of  mischief, 

-Kolus'  son  as  confederate  also  is  added.     Ye  gods,  on  the  Orecians 

Visit  such  deeds,  if  with  pious  lips  I  demand  the  requital  !  5  ^o 

But,  come,  tell  me  in  turn,  what  hap  can  have  brought  thee,  a  live  man, 

Hitherward  ?     Comest  thou  wasted  l\v  wanderings  hither  of  ocean  .*' 

Or  by  behest  of  the  gods  ?     What  fatality  drives  thee  to  visit 

Dismal  and  sunless  a!)odes,  the  places  of  gloom  and  disorder  ?  " 

Mid  these  reciprocal  si^ceches  .\urora,  in  roseate  state-car,  535 

Now  in  xtherinl  circuit  had  passed  the  meridian  zenith  ; 
Vet  they  perchance  had  protracted  thus  all  their  allowable  season. 
But  his  companion,  the  Sibyl,  admonishing,  briefly  a<ldressed  him  : 
"  Night  is  advancing,  /I-'neas  :  we  fritter  the  hours  in  Ix-moaning. 
Here  is  the  spot  where  diverges  in  either  direction  the  highway;  540 

This  on  the  right  leads  down  to  the  ramparts  of  pf)wcrful  Pluto; 
This  is  our  way  to  Elysium  :  but  on  the  wicked  the  left  hand 
Pains  for  offenses  inflicts,  and  to  impious  Tartarus  sends  them." 
.Answers  Deiphobus  :  "Be  not  indignnnt,  O  generous  priestess. 
I  will  depart,  and  the  number  complete,  and  return  to  the  darkness.  cj; 


Il6  THE    ^NEID. 

Onward,  our  glory,  on,  and  enjoy  thy  superior  fortunes." 

Thus  much  spake  he,  and  then  at  the  word  he  reverted  his  footsteps. 

All  of  a  sudden  upglances  ^neas,  and  under  a  cliff  on  the  left  hand 
Sees  broad  battlements  loom,  by  a  tripple  enclosure  surrounded, 
Which,  with  its  torrent  of  flame,  the  Tartarean  Phlegethon's  rapid  550 

River  encircles,  and  hurls  the  reverberant  rocks  on  its  current. 
Fronting  are  ponderous  portals,  and  columns  of  adamant  solid — 
Such  as  no  power  of  man,  nor  are  even  the  dwellers  in  heaven 
Able  to  shatter  with  steel  :  there  is  standing  a  turret  of  iron 

Towering  in  air,  and  Tisiphone,  sitting  begirt  with  a  gory  555 

Mantle,  the  vestibule  night  and  day  unslumbering  watches. 
Groans  are  distincly  heard  from  within,  and  resounding  relentless 
Lashes  :  then  clanking  of  iron  as  of  prisoners  dragging  their  fetters. 
Halted  yEneas,  and  clung  to  the  spot  overawed  by  the  uproar  : 
"  Tell  me  what  species  of  crimes,  O  maiden,  are  these,  or  to  what  dire  560 

Penalties  are  they  subjected  ?     And  what  such  a  wail  on  the  breezes  ? " 
Then  'gan  the  seeress  to  speak  thus  :  "  Illustrious  chief  of  the  Teucrans, 
No  one  pure  is  permitted  to  tread  on  that  criminal  threshold  : 
But  when  Hecate  stationed  me  over  the  groves  of  Avernus, 

She  herself  taught  me  the  deities'  penalties,  led  me  through  all  parts.  565 

These  most  rigorous  realms  Rhadamanthus  the  Gnosian  governs, 
Scourges  and  audits  deceits,  and  confession  extorts  for  whatever 
Crimes  comniitted  while  living  by  any,  who  glad  of  a  flimsy 
Shift  has  deferred  till  too  late,  till  o'ertaken  by  death  their  atonement. 
Forthwith  there  the  avenger  Tisiphone,  armed  with  a  knot-whip  570 

Lashes  insulting  the  culprits,  and,  over  them  fierce  in  her  left  hand 
Brandishing  serpents,  invites  in  the  merciless  troop  of  her  sisters. 
Then  are  the  cursable  portals  at  length,  on  their  horrible  hinges 
Gratingly  thrown  wide  open.     And  dost  thou  discern  what  a  warden. 
Sits  in  the  vestibule  K— What  an  appearance  is  guarding  the  threshold  !  575 

See,  with  its  fifty  venemous  mouths  the  anomalous  Hydra 
Savager  holds  its  seat  within.     Then  Tartarus'  own  self 
Downward  precipitous  opens,  and  twice  as  far  in  the  darkness 
Stretches,  as  upward  the  look  to  the  airy  Olympus  of  heaven. 
Here  the  original  race  of  the  earth,  the  Titanian  hotspurs,  580 

Down  by  a  thunder-bolt  stricken,  are  rolled  on  its  netherm(;st  bottom. 
Here  I  beheld  Aloeus'  twin-born  sons,  the  enormous 
Giants,  who  rashly  essayed  with  their  hands  to  demolish  the  mighty 
Heaven,  and  thrust  down  Jupiter  from  his  supernal  dominions. 
Saw  I  Salmoneus  also,  enduring  the  crudest  torments,  5^5 


Book    VI.  117 

While  he  IS  mimicking;  Jiipitcr  names,  and  the  roar  of  Olympu*. 

Fie,  by  his  four  steeds  drawn,  and  waving  his  luinitu>us  flainlxz^iu. 

Was  through  the  tribes  of  the  (Jreeks,  and  hi»  ( ity  the  centre  of  Elis, 

Posting  exulLint,  and  claiming  for  self  even  deities'  honors  ; 

Fool  !  to  sup|K>se  he  could  imitate  storms,  and  uninatchable  thunder,  590 

Simply  by  brazen  car,  and  the  tramp  of  his  horn  footed  chargers  ! 

But  the  omni|X)tcnt  father  in  wrath,  from  the  midst  of  the  tltnse  clouds, 

Thunderbolts  hurled — n«)  torches,  no  smoking  Hashes  or  pine-knots 

His — and  dis|>;itches  him  headlong  down  in  a  violent  whirlwind. 

Here,  too,  Tityos,  cherished  by  Terra  the  omni|x»rental,  595 

Was  to  l>e  seen,  whose  Ixidy  o'er  nine  whole  acres  extended 

Sprawls,  while  incessant  with  crookeil  l>eak  an  unmerciful  vulture, 

Pecking  his  liver  immortal  and  teeming  for  punishments,  ransacks 

tlreedy  his  vitals  for  viands,  and  roosts  close  under  his  inmost 

Breast,  nor  is  ever  a  respite  allowed  the  renewable  fibres.  600 

Why  of  the  Lapitha:  s|x*ak,  of  Ixion,  PirithoUs  also, 

0\'er  whom  dark,  just  slipping,  just  ready  to  tumble,  a  granite 

Hangs,  as  if  it  were  falling  ;  the  gilded  feet  of  the  K)fty 

Festival-couches  gleam,  and  before  their  faces  are  banquets, 

F'urnished  in  regal  profusion;  while  near  them  the  eldest  of  furies  605 

Squats,  and  forbids  them  to  touch  with  their  haiuls  the  delectable  tables  : 

Springs  she  up,  lifting  a  torch,  and  aloud  she  her  interdict  thunders. 

Here  are  found  those  by  whom  brothers  were  hated  while  life  was  remaining, 

Or  hath  a  parent  been  beaten,  or  fraud  been  attached  to  a  client  ; 

Or  who  have  brooded  alone  o'er  the  wealth  they  have  miserly  hoarded,  610 

And  have  apportioned  no  share  to  their  kindred — a  mighty  assembly  ' 

Those  for  adultery  murdered,  and  those  who  have  followed  unhallowed  [masters, 

•Arms,  nor  have   shrunk    from  disgracing  the  hamls   they  had   pledgeil   to  their 

Prisoned  are  waiting  their  doom  :  seek  not  to  have  taught  thee  minutely 

What  is  their  doom,  or  what  form,  or  fortune  hath  whelmed  the  ofTen<lers.       615 

Some  are  a  huge  rock  rolling,  or  strctcheil  on  the  sjxjkes  of  the  wrack- w  heels. 

Hanging  in  torture.     There  sits,  and  forever  will  sit,  the  unhappy 

Theseus  ;  Phlegyas  also;  the  utterly  wretched,  is  warning 

All,  and  appl;aling  to  all  in  vociferous  voice  through  the  shadows  : 

"  Learn  ye  uprightness,  admonished  by  me,  and  the  deities  spurn  not.  "  620 

'Ihis  one  has  barteretl  his  country  for  gold,  and  a  tyranous  des{)ot 

On  it  imposed,  and  by  bribery  framed  and  al>olished  its  statutes  ; 

That  one  invaded  his  daughter's  lied  in  incestuous  nuptials — 

All  have  dared,  and  achieved  by  their  daring  atrocious  injustice. 

Not  though  a  hundred  tongues  were  mine,  and  though  mine  were  a  hundred     6^5 


I  I  8  THE    ^NEID. 

Mouths,  and  a  iron  voice,  could  I  all  the  forms  of  their  vices 
Canvass,  and  run  through  all  of  the  names  of  their  punative  tortures." 

When  these  recitals  the  long-lived  priestess  of  Phoebus  has  uttered  : 
"  But  now  come,  take  thy  way,  and  accomplish  the  service  attempted ; 
Let  us  haste  onward,"   she  says,   "  I  descry  in  the  distance  the  ramparts  630 

Wrought  in  the  Cyclops'  forge,  and  the  gates  in  the  opposite  archway. 
Where  our  instructions  imperitive  bid  us  deposit  our  presents." 
So  she  had  spoken,  and  side  by  side  in  the  gloom  of  the  highways 
Walking,  they  seize  on  the  central  space,  and  are  nearing  the  gateways  : 
Then,  as  y^Bhieas  possesses  the  entrance,  he  sprinkles  with  fresh  drawn  635 

Water  his  body,  and  fixes  the  bough  on  the  opposite  threshold. 

These  things  finished  at  length,  and  the  service  performed  to  the  goddess, 
Wended  they  on  to  the  places  of  joy,  and  the  charmingly  verdent 
Bowers  of  the  fortunate  groves,  and  enchanted  abodes  of  the  blessed. 
Here  does  a  freer  atmosphere  mantle  the  plains  with  its  lustrous  640 

Sheen,  and  a  sun  and  stars  of  their  own  are  its  denizens  owning. 
Part  are  exerting  their  limbs  on  the  grassy  gymnastic  palaistra  ; 
Cope  they  in  sport,  and  in  wrestling  tug  on  the  yellow  arena: 
Part  with  their  feet  keep  time  in  the  dances,  and  melodies  warble; 
Orpheus  also,  the  Thracian  priest,  in  his  flowing  apparel,  645 

Voices  responsive  in  numbers  the  heptachord  measures  of  music ; 
Beats  he  them  now  with  his  fingers,  and  now  with  his  ivory  batton. 
Here  is  the  primitive  peerage  of  Teucer,  a  beautiful  offspring  ; 
Noble  of  heart  are  its  heroes,  and  born  in  superior  epochs, 

Ilus,  Assaracus  mid  them,  and  Dardanus,  founder  of  Troja.  650 

Distant  admires  he  the  armor  and  chariots  weird  of  the  heroes  : 
Firm  in  the  ground  stand  planted  their  spears,  and  untethered  their  chargers 
Pasture  at  large  on  the  plains.     The  pleasure  which  they  in  their  life-time 
Had  in  their  chariots  and  armor,  the  care  they  had  taken  in  feeding 
Sleek-haired  horses  the  same,  though  in  earth  reposing,  attends  them.  655 

Lo  !  still  others  beholds  he  to  right  and  to  left  on  the  green- sod 
Feasting,  and  chanting  in  choral  responses  their  poeons  of  triumph. 
There  mid  an  odorous  grove  of  laurel,  from  which  to  the'upper 
World  is  the  copious  river  Eridanus  rolled  through  a  forest. 

Here  are  the  bands  who  have  suffered  by  wounds  in  defending  their  country;  660 
Here,  too,  are  those  who  were  virtuous  priests  whilst  life  was  remaming. 
Those  who  were  pious  bards,  and  who  spake  things  worthy  of  Phoebus, 
Or  in  its  culture  who  life  have  adorned  by  their  skillful  inventions  ; 
Those,  too,  who  meriting  well  have  made  others  remember  them  kindly- 
All  of  them  have  their  temples  encircled  with  niveous  garlands,  665 


BUOK    VI.  119 

Whom,  as  thoy  crowded  around  her  the  ^:i') I  l)ctii;;rily  arcwstcd, 

I'Drcinosl  of  all,  thoiij^h,  Miis.t-Us,  for  l.im  tlots  the  miineroii«i  conco'irsc 

Hold  m  its  midst,  ami  look  up  as  he  lowers  with  hi*  shoulders»  atnAc-  them 

'•  Tell  mc,  yc  rapturous  spirits,  and  thou  the  most  noble  of  {xxrUs, 

Tell  mc  what  region,  what  spot  is  possessing  Archisc»;  for  hi»  sake  67c 

Solely  we  come,  and  have  sailed  over  Erebus  mystical  rivers." 

Hrietly  accordingly  thus  did  the  hero  return  her  an  answer 

•*  None  has  a  definite  home  :   we  inhabit  the  shadowy  w«>«MJlands, 

And  on  the  marginal  hillocks,  and  meadows  refreshed  by  the  screaniijti. 

Dwell  :  but  pass  ye,  if  such  at  heart  is  the  pleasure  that  brings  you,  675 

Over  yon  ridge,  and  I  soon  in  a  footpath  easy  will  put  you." 

Spake  he,  and  took  step  marching  before  them  and  shows  them  the  shining 

Plains  from  above:  from  thence  they  the  uppermost  summits  are  leaving. 

But  far  down  in  an  evergreen  vale  was  his  father  Anchises 
Pent-up  souls,  who  were  soon  to  depart  to  the  light  of  siijx-rnals,  680 

Scanning  intensely  absorbed,  and  recounting  the  while  as  it  happeneu, 
All  the  sum  of  his  kindred,  his  much-loved  future  descendents. 
All  the  fates  and  the  fortunes  and  traits  and  exploits  of  the  heroes. 
When  he  l)eheld  his  /Kneas  just  oppjsite  over  the  grass-plots 
Wending,  he  eagerly  stretched  out  both  of  his  palms  to  receive  him,  6S5 

While  tears  streamed  down  off  of  his  cheeks,  and  a  voice  from  his  lijjs  fell  : 
"  Hast  thou  then  come  ?  And  hath  for  thy  parent  thy  wonted  devotion 
Conquered  the  difficult  way  ?  Is  it  granted  to  gaze  on  thy  features — 
'I'hine,  my  son — and  to  hear  and  return  the  familiar  resjxinses  ? 
So  was  I  tracing  indeed,  and  in  soul  was  forecasting  the  future,  690 

Counting  the  seasons,  nor  hath  my  solicitous  longing  misled  me. 
Wafted  to  what  strange  lands,  through  how  many  tempestuous  writers 
Welcome  I  thee,  my  child,  and  tossed  by  what  manifold  {x."rils  ? 
How  have  I  feared  lest  Libya's  kingdoms  some  injury  do  thee." 
He  however:     "  Thine  image,  my  father,  thy  sorrowful  image.  695 

Often  occurring,  hath  forced  me  to  wentl  my  way  to  these  thresholds. 
Moored  on  Tyrrehenian  brine  are  my  fleets;  O  let  me,  my  father. 
Let  me  thy  tight  hand  clasp,  nor  fron:  our  embraces  withdraw  thee." 
Thus  he  rehearsing  was  flooding  his  features  with  copious  weeping: 
Thrice  he  attempted  to  throw  his  arms  round  the  neck  of  his  father  ;  700 

Thrice  unavailingly  grasped  did  the  phantom  escape  from  his  clutches, 
Like  the  intangible  wind,  or  resembling  a  fugitive  sluml)er. 

Meanwhile  .-Kneas  beholds  in  a  valley  retired  a  secluded 
Grove,  and  a  rustling  copse,  and  nu-anilering  by  in  the  wild-woods, 
Lethe,  the  river,  which  flows  in  front  of  the  jX'aceable  mansions.  705 


I20  THE    .ENEID. 

Round  this,  innumerous  nations  and  peoples  were  eagerly  flitting  ; 

Just  as  in  meado>vs  when  bees,  in  the  tranquil  sereneness  of  summer, 

Settle  on  various  flowers,  and  busy  around  the  untarnished 

Lilies  are  swarmed,  and  the  whole  plain  hums  with  the  murmur  incessant. 

Starts  at  the  sudden  appearance  yEneas,  and  queries  the  causes,  710 

Ignorant,  asking  inquisitive  :     "  What  are  those  rivulets  yonder  ! 

Who  are  the  men  that  are  crowding  the  banks  in  so  mighty  a  column  ?  " 

Then  quoth  his  father  Anchises:     "  The  spirits  to  whom  by  allotment 

Different  bodies  are  due,  at  yon  Lethean  rivulet's  wave  are 

Waters  of  unconcern,  and  a  long  oblivion,  quaffing.  715 

These  I  am  anxious  indeed  to  rehearse  thee  and  show  thee  in  person  ; 

Long  have  I  thus  desired  to  recount  thee  this  line  of  my  offspring. 

That  thou  the  more  may'st  with  me  rejoice  in  Italia' s  finding. 

Father,  and  is  it  presumable  certain  spirits  are  going 

Hence  to  the  heaven  above,  and  again  to  return  to  their  cumbrous  720 

Bodies  ?     And  why  in  the  wretches  such  recreant  longing  for  day-light  ? " 

"  I  will  myself  explain  it,  my  child,  nor  in  doubt  will  I  keep  thee." 

So  Anchises  takes  up  and  lays  open  each  item  in  order. 

"  First,  then,  know  that  a  spirit  the  heaven  and  earth,  and  the  liquid 
Plains,  and  the  glittering  orb  of  the  moon^  and  Titanian  planets  725 

Nurtures  within,  and  a  mirid  permeating  its  members  the  whole  mass 
Agitates  subtly,  and  mingles  itself  with  the  wonderful  system. 
Thence  are  the  races  of  men  and  of  beasts,  and  the  lives  of  the  flying 
Fowls,  and  the  monsters  which  ocean  sustains  'neath  its  surface  of  marble. 
Deep  in  these  seminal  sources  an  igneous  fire  and  celestial  730 

Origin  vest,  so  far  as  their  cumbersome  bodies  retard  net — 
Far  as  their  earth-formed  limbs  and  their  moribund  members  benumb  not. 
Hence  do  they  fear  and  desire,  they  lament  and  rejoice,  and  they  glance  not 
Upward,  shut  up  as  they  are  in  the  gloom  and  the  darkening  dungeon. 
Nay,  and  when  even  their  life  in  its  ultimate  glimmer  has  left  them,  735 

Yet  does  not  every  evil,  nor  every  corporeal  nuisance 
Wholly  surcease  from  the  wretches  :  there  needs  must  internally  many 
Long  incrusted  corruptions  inhere  in  a  marvelous  manner  : 
Hence  they  are  subject  to  tortures,  and  suffer  for  former  offences 
Penal  endurances  :     Some  are  suspended  exposed  in  the  empty  740 

Air,  and  from  some  is  contracted  iniquity  deep  in  a  mighty 
Whirlpool  washen  away,  or  is  burnt  out  sheer  in  a  hot  fire. 
We  each  suffer  our  ghost-terms  ;  then  through  Elysium  ample 
Onward  are  sent,  and  a  few  of  us  tenant  the  fields  of  the  blissful. 
Till  hath  a  long,  long  day,  when  the  cycle  of  time  is  completed,  745 


BOOK    vr.  I  ?  1 

Freed  the  incrusted  defilement,  and  leaves  the.Tthereal  essence 

Pure,  and  the  fire  elemental  of  imcontaminatc  xthcr. 

All  these,  when  through  the  round  of  a  thousand  yeirs  they  have  circled, 

Deity  summons  in  mij^hty  array  to  the  banks  of  the  I^etheiin  rivtr. 

That  they,  for^ettinj^  the  past  fors(M)th,  may  revisit  the  upper  750 

Vault  once  more,  and  begin  to  desire  to  return  to  their  iMwIies." 

Sj>oke  had  Anrhises,  and  side  by  side,  he  his  son  and  the  Sibyl, 
Leading  along  in  the  midst  of  the  throngs  and  the  murmuring  concourse, 
Takes  to  a  mound,  from  whit  h  he  may  all,  in  a  lengthy  procession. 
Scan,  as  they  come  to  the  front,  and  may  study  the  looks  of  the  comers.  755 

"  Come  now,  what  glory  hereafter  shall  follow  Pardania's  offspring, 
Those  from  Italian  lineage  who  as  descendents  await  thee, 
Eminent  sjiirits,  and  destinetl  to  share  the  renown  wc  inherit, 
I  will  distinctly  unfold,  and  will  teach  thee  the  fates  of  the  futrre. 
He  whom  thou  seest — yon  youth,  who  is  leaning  on  merely  a  sfxiar-haft,  760 

Holds  by  allotment  the  places  the  nearest  the  light,  and  shall  soonest 
Rise  to  letherial  air  with  blood  Italian  mingled — 

Silvius,  Alban  the  name,  and  thine  own  though  a  posthumous  offspring. 
Whom  thy  consort  Lavinia  shall,  but  too  late  for  thy  old  age, 
Bear  unto  thee  in  the  forests,  a  prince  and  a  parent  of  princes  ;  765 

Yea,  and  from  him  shall  our  race  over  Alba  Longa  be  regnant. 
Next  is  yon  Procas,  the  glory  and  pride  of  the  nation  of  Troja, 
Capys  and  N'umator  also,  and  he  who  in  name  shall  restore  thee, 
Silvius  /Eneas,  alike  in  devotion  and  armor  distinguished, 

Should  he  the  sovereignty  ever  assume  o'er  the  city  of  Alba.  770 

What  fine  youths  !     And  obsen'e  now  heroic  a  force  they  exhibit. 
Though  with  civilian  oak  they  are  wearing  their  temples  o'ershailed. 
These  shall  Nomentum  and  (labii  found,  and  the  city  Fid<5na; 
These  shall  the  Collatine  castles  establish  for  thee  on  the  mountains  ; 
Yea,  and  Pemetii,  Inuniis'  camp,  and  Bola  and  Cora —  775 

Such  shall  their  names  then  be,  but  they  now  are  localities  nameless. 
But  the  Mavortian  shall  to  his  grandfather  cling  as  attendant, 
Romulus,  whom  of  .\ssaracan  blood  shall  Ilia,  his  mother. 
Hear;   and  beholdest  thou  how  on  his  forehead  are  standing  the  twin-crests' 
How  with  his  own  high  honor  the  sire  of  supernals  now  marks  him  ?  7S0 

Lo  !  'neath  his  auspices,  son,  shall  that  notable  Roma  her  empire 
Bound  by  the  earth,  and  her  aspirations  of  soul  by  Olympus, 
Yea,  and  though  one,  with  a  sevenfold  wall  shall  encircle  her  castles. 
Blest  in  her  offspring  of  heroes,  as  that  Berecynthian  mother. 
Who  in  her  chariot  tower-crowned  rides  through  the  Phrygian  cities,  785 


122  THE    ^NEID. 

Proud  of  her  issue  of  gods,  and  embracing  her  hundred  descendents, 

All  of  them  dwellers  in  heaven,  all  owners  of  mansions  supernal  ! 

Hitherward  turn  now  both  of  thine  eyes,  and  consider  yon  nation — 

Thine  own  Romans  !  Lo,  yonder  is  Caesar  and  all  of  lulus' 

Progeny  destined  to  mount  to  the  mighty  zenith  of  heaven  !  790 

He  is  the  hero,  e'en  he,  whom  thou  hearest  so  often  assured  thee — 

CiESAR  Augustus,  whose  race  is  divine,  who  again  shall  establish 

Golden  ages  in  Latium  over  the  meadows  aforetime 

Governed  by  Saturn,  and  even  beyond  Garamantes  and  Indies 

Carry  his  sway  to  the  land  that  is  lying  outside  of  the  planets,  795 

6ut  of  the  paths  of  the  year  and  the  sun,  where  the  sky-bearer.  Atlas, 

Twirls  on  his  shoulders  the  zenith  bestudded  with  glittering  star-orbs. 

In  his  eventual  advent  already  the  Caspian  kingdoms 

Quail  at  the  deities'  ominous  hints,  and  the  land  of  Moeotis, 

Aye,  and  the  trepidant  mouths  of  the  sevenfold  Nilus  are  troubled.  800 

Nay,  not  even  Alcides  hath  traveled  so  much  of  the  wide  world, 

Though  he  the  bronze-footed  hind  once  pierced,  or  relieved  Erymanthus' 

Groves  of  their  terror,  and  made  with  his  bow  all  Lerna  to  tremble  ; 

Nor  he  who  steadies  his  team  with  his  vine-wreathed  reins  as  a  victor,   . 

Liber,  in  driving  from  Nysa's  lofty  summit  his  tigers.  805 

Do  we  then  doubt  to  extend  our  renown  by  heroic  achievements  ? 

Or  is  it  fear  that  prohibits  our  settling  Ausonia's  mainland  ? 

Who  is  that  yonder,  however,  distinguished  by  branches  of  olive, 

Bearing  the  symbols  of  priesthood  ?     I  know  them — the  features  and  honry 

Chin  of  the  Roman  king,  who  by  statutes  shall  found  the  primaeval  810 

City,  though  forth  from  the  humble  Cures,  and  destitute  province 

Sent  to  the  mighty  empire.     Then  Tullus  in  turn  shall  succeed  him. 

One,  who  shall  break  the  repose  of  his  country,  and  rouse  his  inactive 

Heroes  to  arms,  and  his  regiments  now  unaccustomed  to  triumphs. 

After  him,  next  in  succession,  shall  follow  vain-glorious  Ancus,  815 

Now,  too,  already  enamored  too  much  with  the  popular  breezes. 

Dost  thou  desire  to  behold  the  Tarquinian  kings,  and  the  haughty 

Soul  of  avenger  Brutus,  and  badges  of  office  recovered  ? 

He  is  the  first  who  shall  consular  sway  and  the  merciless  axee 

Take,  and  a  father  himself  shah  his  sons,  when  inciting  rebellion,  820 

Summon  to  punishment  due  in  behalf  of  a  glorious  freedom, 

Luckless  !  and  yet,  however  posterity  rate  these  achievements, 

Love  of  his  country,  and  yearning  unbounded  for  praises  shall  conquer. 

Nay,  but  observe  the  Decii,Drusi,  and  yonder  Tartjuatus, 

Stern  with  his  axe,  and  near  him  Camillus  restoring  the  standards.  825 


BOOK    Vf.  123 

But  those  whom  thou  dcsccrncst  refnlijcnt  in  similnr  armor — 

Spirits  accordant  now.  and  while  they  are  pressed  in  the  midnijjht; 

Ah  !  but  what  war  shall  between  them  l)c  wa;jed,  if  attaining;  the  lonjf-Mnijjht 

(llimmers  o(  life,  and  what  l)attles  and  slaujjhter  they  s<K)n  will  occasion  ' 

Sire-in-law  down  from  his  Alpine  redoubts  and  M«»n«i'cian  castles  .Sjo 

Coming,  and  son-in-law  furnished  with  Orient  forces  to  meet  him. 

Do  not,  my  children,  O  do  not  accustom  yourselves  to  such  warfares, 

Nor  on  your  country's  vitals  thus  turn  your  invincible  valor : 

Sooner  refrain  thou,  thou  who  deducest  thy  race  from  Olympus  ! 

Flinjj  from  thy  hand  the  weajwns,  my  own.  own  blood: —  83 j 

Yon  proud  victor  shall,  after  his  triumph  o'er  Corinth,  his  war-car 

Drive  to  the  lofty  Capitol,  famed  for  his  slaughter  of  (Irccians. 

Von  one  shall  devastate  Argos,  and  raze  Agamemnon's  Mycenx  ; 

\'ea,  and  .^lacides'  self,  antl  the  race  of  the  warring  Achilles, 

Venging  the  fathers  of  Troja,  and  temples  profaned  of  Minerva.  840 

Who,  great  Cato,  woukJ  leave  thee,  or  thee,  O  Cossus  in  silence? 
Who  would  the  peerage  of  Gracchus,  or  war's  two  thunder-lxjlts,  twin-named 
Scipios,  Libya's  scourge,  and  Fabricius  potential  with  little, 
Or  yet  thee,  O  Serranus,  though  sowing  in  furrow  as  farmt-r  ? 
Where  tlo  ye  hurry  me  weary,  O  Fabii  ?      .Maximus  art  thou,  845 

Who,  by  thy  masterly  waiting  alone,  thou  rcstorest  us  empire. 
Others  the  breathing  bronzes  will  forge  more  deftly  I  doubt  not  ; 
Others  in  sculpture  will  life-like  features  educe  from  the  marble; 
Others  will  causes  more  eloquent  plead,  and  will  heaven's  recurrent 
Courses  describe  with  a  p')inter,  and  tell  of  the  rise  of  the  planets  ;  850 

Hut  thou,  O  Roman,  remember  to  govern  the  tribes  of  thy  Kmpire  : 
These  be  thine  arts  to  im[>ose  the  conditions  of  peace  on  the  contjuered, 
Sjiaring  the  captives  in  war,  and  crushing  the  haughty  in  battle." 

Thus  spake  the  father,  Anchises,  and  adds  to  his  wondering  hearers  : 
"  Mark  how  Marcellus,  distinguished  by  noblest  spoils  in  his  triumphs,  855 

Marches,  and  how  he  as  victor  surpasses  all  heroes  arounti  him. 
He  shall  the  Roman  affairs,  when  disturbed  by  a  mighty  uprising. 
Settle,  and  mounted  shall  scatter  the  Funics  and  (iauls  in  rebellion. 
Yea,  anil  shall  hang  up  the  third  captured  armor  to  father  Quirinus." 

Hut  here  .-tineas — for  side  by  side  with  Marcellus  he  noticed  86c 

Walking  a  youth,  superb  in  his  figure,  and  glittering  armor ; 
But  his  brow  was  uncheered,  and  his  eyes  were  dejected  in  aspect. 
"  Who,  my  father,  is  he  who  attends  on  the  hero  in  going? 
Is  he  his  son,  or  some  one  from  his  noble  line  of  de-cendents? 
What  an  array  of  attendants  about  him  !     What  majesty  in  him  !  865 


124  THE    ^NEID. 

But  dark  nieht  flits  round  his  head  with  its  sorrowful  shadows." 

Then  did  his  father  Anchises  proceed,  while  the  tears  were  up-welling  : 

'•  O  my  begotten,  enquire  not  the  exquisite  grief  of  thy  kindred  : 

Him  shall  the  fates  just  show  to  the  world,  and  no  longer  permit  him 

Here  to  remain  ;  too  mighty  to  you  had  the  Roman  succession  870 

Seemed,  ye  supernals,  if  gifts  so  peculiar  had  lasted  forever. 

What  lamentations  of  heroes  shall  you  plain  post  to  the  mighty 

City  of  Mavors  !     Or,  Tiber,  what  pageants  of  mourning  shalt  thou,  too, 

Witness  ere  long,  as  thou  close  by  the  new  made  sepulchre  glidest  ! 

No  such  a  youth  from  the  Ilian  nation  shall  ever  his  Latin  875 

Ancestors  lift  to  so  hightened  a  hope,  nor  shall  ever  hereafter 

Romulus'  land  boast  over  another  so  cherished  a  darling  ! 

Ah  !  for  thy  piety  !     Ah  !  for  the  pristine  faith,  and  the  right  hand 

Dauntless  in  war  !     With  impunity  none  could  have  dared  to  attack  him. 

Meeting  him  when  he  was  armed,  or  with  infantry  charging  on  foemen,  880 

Or  when  digging  his  spurs  in  the  flanks  of  his  lathery  war-horse. 

Ah  !  lamentable  boy  !     If  ever  thou  burstest  thy  hard  fate, 

Thou  shalt  become  a  Marcellus  !     Bring  lilies  in  plentiful  handfulls  ; 

I  will  the  flowers  purpureal  strew,  and  the  soul  of  mine  offspring 

Load  with  the  presents  at  least,  and  will  render  if  only  an  empty  885 

'Service  !"     And  so  all  over  the  region  they  ramble  together 

Out' on  the  broad  aerial  plains,  and  investigate  all  things. 

After  Anchises  has  guided  his  son  through  the  separate  objects  ; 
When  he  has  kindled  his  soul  with  an  ardor  for  future  distinction. 
Then  he  the  wars  that  were  yet  to  be  waged  to  the  hero  rehearses  ;  890 

Shows  the  Lanrentian  tribes,  and  the  city  renowned  of  the  Latins, 
Shows  in  what  way  to  avoid,  and  in  what  to  encounter  each  hardship. 

Twain  are  the  portals  of  slumber  ;  of  horn  is  the  one,  it  is  fabled, 
Through  which  is  granted  an  easy  departure  for  genume  spectres  : 
Bright  is  the  other  in  lustre,  in  glistering  ivory  finished  :  895 

But  by  the  latter  the  ghosts  send  fanciful  visions  to  heaven. 
Then,  when  these  words  had  been  spoken,  Anchises  his  son  and  the  Sibyl 
Follows  along,  and  dismisses  them  thence  through  the  ivory  portals. 
Cleaves  he  his  way  to  the  ships,  and  revisits  his  waiting  companions 
Then,  by  the  straight  coast  bears  he  away  to  the  port  of  Cajeta  :  900 

-Anchor  is  cast  from  the  prow,  and  the  sterns  stand  moored  at  the  sea  beach. 


BOOK  VII. 


Embassy  sent  to  Latinus,  who  offers  his  daughter  in  marriage; 
Tunius  offended,  the  war  is  foreshadowed  and  forces  are  mustered. 


Thou,  too,  Cajeta,  the  nurse  of  .<tneas,  didst  also  in  dying 
Honor  eternal  bequeath  to  our  shores,  and  thy  memory  hovers 
Still  o'er  the  place  of  thy  rest,  and  thy  name  in  Hespcria  mighty, 
If  this  glory  be  aught,  yet  signals  the  spot  of  thy  ashes. 

But  the  pious  ..-Kneas,  her  obsequies  duly  attended,  *  5 

After  composing  the  mound  of  her  tomb,  and  after  the  deep  sea's 
Surface  has  calmed,  on  his  voyage  sets  sail,  and  abandons  the.harlx)r. 
Freshen  the  breezes  at  night-fall,  nor  do  the  silvery  moon-beams 
Hinder  his  courses,  as  shines  'neath  the  tremulous  shimmer  the  ocean. 
Skirt  they  along  by  the  neighboring  shores  of  the  island  of  Circe,  iQ 

Near  where  the  Sun's  rich  daughter  her  inaccessible  thickets 
Makes  to  resound  with  the  music  of  ceaseless  song,  and  in  splendid 
Mansions  the  odorous  cedar  enkindles  for  lights  in  the  night-time. 
Running  her  delicate  tissues  through  with  her  clattering  shuttle. 
Hence  are  distinctly  heard  the  moanings  and  ravings  of  lions,  15 

Struggling  against  their  fetters,  and  roaring  till  late  in  the  midnight  : 
Bristly  boars,  moreover,  and  bears  in  their  hampering  cages 
Savagely  raging,  and  figures  of  great  wolves  angrily  howling, 
Whom  the  unmerciful  Circd  had  changed,  by  her  magic  of  potent 
Herbs,  from  appearance  of  men  to  the  visage  and  haunches  of  wild  beasts.        20 
Lest  now  the  Trojans  endure  such  portentous  distortions. 
Should  they  be  borne  to  her  harbor,  or  land  on  her  ominous  sea-beach, 
Neptune  has  kmdiy  inflated  their  sails  with  the  favoring  breezes, 
Givmg  escape,  and  has  wafted  them  over  the  turbulant  shallows. 

Now  was  the  sea  with  the  sunbeams  blushmg,  and  forth  from  profoundest   25 

«25 


126  THE    ^NEID. 

y??ther  was  saffron  Aurora  in  roseate  chariot  gleaming, 

When  have  subsided  the  winds,  and  has  every  gale  of  a  sudden 

Settled  to  rest,  and  the  shorn  oars  labor  on  motionless  marble  : 

Then  just  here  does  ^neas  descry  from  the  deep  an  extensive 

Grove.     Through  the  centre  of  this,  in  its  lovely  channel,  the  Tiber,  30 

Whirling  in  rapid  eddies,  and  yellow  with  plenteous  quicksand. 

Rushes  away  to  the  ocean.     Around  and  above  it  the  various 

Wild-fowls,  wont  to  desport  on  its  banks  and  the  lap  of  its  current, 

Sweetly  were  charming  the  air  with  their  warbles,  and  thronging  the  wild-wood. 

Bids  he  his  comrades  vary  their  course,  and  their  prows  to  the  mainland  35 

Turn,  and  elated  he  enters  the  river  embowered  in  shadows. 

Come  now,  Erato,  and  who  where  the  kings,  what  the  critical  issues. 
What  the  condition  of  primitive  Latium  was,  when  the  stranger 
Host  first  moored  their  adventurous  fleets  on  Ausonia's  borders, 
I  will  unfold,  and  recall  the  uprise  of  the  earli(est  conflict.  40 

Goddess,  instruct  thou  thy  bard  :   I  will  tell  of  the  terrible  battles 
Fought  :  I  will  tell  of  the  onsets  of  monarchs  in  passion  on  slaughter 
Bent;  of  Tyrrhenian  forces  and  all  Hesperia  marshalled 
Ready  in  armor.     Grander  before  me  the  march  of  achievements  : 
Grander  the  work  I  assume.     The  monarch  Latinus,  an  old  man  45 

Now,  was  long  in  tranquility  ruling  his  meadows  and  peaceable  cities. 
We  from  the  Laurentine  nymph  Marica  and  Faunus  descended 
Deem  him  :  the  father  of  Faunus  was  Picus,  who  traces,  O  Saturn, 
Thee  as  his  parent,  for  thou  of  his  blood  art  the  ultimate  author. 
Son  by  the  deities'  fate  he  had  none,  and  no  masculine  offspring  .       50 

Left;  for  his  son,  as  he  grew,  was  removed  in  his  earliest  childhood  : 
Only  a  daughter  was  keeping  his  house  and  his  ample  dominions, 
She  now  mature  for  a  husband,  and  fully  of  age  for  her  bridal. 
Many  were  wooing  her  out  of  imperial  Latium;  many 

Out  of  entire  Ausonia  :  but  of  them  all  the  superbest  55 

Wooer  was  Turnus,  from  fathers  and  forefathers  strong;  and  the  royal 
Consort  was  yearning  with  wonderful  love  as  a  son  to  ally  him: 
But  the  deities'  portents  by  various  terrors  oppose  it. 

Stood  in  the  midst  of  his  mansions  a  laurel  in  deepest  seclusion; 
Sacred  its  locks,  and  protected  with  awe  through  many  a  long  year,  60 

Which,  it  was  stated,  that  father  Latinus  himself,  as  discovered 
While  he  was  founding  his  primitive  castles,  devoted  to  Phoebus, 
And  on  the  colonists  from  it  he  settled  the  name  of  Laurentes. 
Dense  on  its  uppermost  summit  have  bees — a  marvel  to  utter  ! 
Over  the  vapory  aether  with  buzzing  tumultuous  wafted,  65 


BOOK    VII.  127 

Lighted,  and  there  with  feet  interlacing  the  one  with  the  other, 

Hung  of  a  sudden  siisjx'ndcd,  .1  swarm  from  a  foliagf<l  hranchlet. 

Forthwith  a  prophet  exclaims  :  "  Wc  des(  ern  in  the  omen  a  foreign 

Hero  arrive,  and  a  host  from  the  same  identical  (juarters. 

Seeking  identical  i|iiarters,  to  rule  in  the  heights  of  the  castle  !  70 

Further,  the  maiden  I^ivinia,  too,  as  she  kindled  H-ith  holy 

Torches  the  fires  on  the  altars,  was  seen,  as  she  stoo<I  at  her  father's 

Side — an  unfortunate  omen— to  catch  the  fire  in  her  flowing 

Tresses,  and  all  of  her  head-dress  seemed  to  consume  in  the  crackling 

Flame,  and  al)la7.e  were  her  regal  ringlets,  ablaze  was  her  princely  75 

Diadem,  studded  with  jewels  :  then  smoking  she  seemed  in  a  yellow 

Glimmer  involved,  ami  through  ail  the  palace  to  scatter  combustion. 

This  was  reputed  a  horrible  thing,  and  a  marvellous  vision; 

For  they  predicted  that  she  would  herself  l>e  in  fame  and  in  fortune 

F^minent;  but  that  it  lx)ded  the  people  an  ominous  warfare.  80 

But  by  these  prodigies  anxious,  the  monarch  to  Faunus  his  fate-versed 
Father's  oracle  hies,  and  consults  he  the  groves  that  arc  under 
Lofty  -Mbunea,  which,  as  the  grandest  of  groves,  with  a  sacred 
Fountain  resounils,  and,  o'ershaded,  exhales  a  mephitical  (xlor. 
Hence  the  Italian  nations,  and  all  the  (FInotrian  mainland  85 

Seek  it  in  doubts  for  responses:  the  priest,  when  he  hither  hath  duly 
Brought  his  oblations,  and,  down  on  a  pallet  of  skins  of  the  slaughtered 
Sheep,  in  the  silence  of  midnight,  lain  and  slumbers  has  courted. 
Sees  full  many  a  phantom  flitting  in  maR'ellous  manner 

Round  him,  and  listens  to  various  voices,  and  holds  with  the  gmis  free  90 

Converse,  and  Acheron's  sjK'Ctres  bespeaks  in  the  depths  of  .Vvernus. 
Here,  then,  was  father  Latinus  himself,  in  his  quest  for  responses. 
Slaughtering  duly  a  hundred  fleece-clad,  two-year-old  victims. 
And,  on  their  pelts  and  outspread  fleeces  supported,  was  lying. 
When  an  oracular  voice  of  a  sudden  is  up  from  the  deep  grove  95 

Flchoed  :  "Seek  not  to  aflfiance  thy  daughter  in  I^itin  espousals, 
O  mine  offspring,  nor  trust  to  the  marital  chamber  in  prospect: 
Sons-in-law  foreign  shall  come,  who  shall  lift  our  renown  by  their  noble 
Blood  to  the  stars,  and  from  whose  famed  stock  our  descendents  shall  all  lh:ng^ 
Under  their  feet,  whatsoever  the  sun  in  his  rising  and  setting  100 

Gazes  on  either  ocean,  behold  readjusted  and  governed." 
These  responses,  and  warnings  of  Faunus,  his  father,  in  midnight 
Silence  delivered,  I^itinus  himself  shuts  not  in  his  own  mouth; 
But  already  around  through  .Vusonian  cities  had  Rumor 
Fluttering  carried  it  widely,  when  the  Laomedon  stalwarts  105 


128  THE    .^NEID. 

Cabled  their  fleet  to  the  grass-grown  mound  on  the  bank  of  the  Tiber. 

Meanwhile  yEneas,  his  principal  chieftains  and  comely  liilus, 
Under  a  tall  tree's  branches,  arrange  for  recruiting  their  bodies, 
Institute  banquets,  and  spelt-wheat  short-cakes  over  the  green  grass 
Thrust  'neath  the  viands — so  Jupiter  even  himself  was  directing —  no 

Yea,  and  they  heap  on  this  cereal  trencher  the  fruits  of  the  country. 
So  when  the  rest  was  consumed,  as  it  happened,  a  lack  of  provisions 
Forced  them  in  hunger  to  eating  the  scanty  remainder  of  Ceres, 
Aye,  and  with  hands  and  presumptuous  molars  the  disk  of  the  fateful 
Crust  to  despoil,  and  to  spare  not  even  the  quadrated  short-cakes:  115 

"  Heigh-ho,"  liilus  exclaims,   "  We  are  even  consuming  our  tables  ! " 
Saying  no  more  in  derision.     That  utterance,  heard  at  the  outset. 
Signaled  the  end  of  their  toilings:  his  sire  from  the  mouth  of  the  speaker 
Caught  it  at  once,  and,  appalled  by  the  deity's  oracle,  checked  him. 
Instantly,   "  Hail,"  he  exclaims,  "  O  land  by  the  destinies  due  me  !  120 

Hail,  too,  ye  guardian  home-gods,  faithful  and  trusty  of  Troja  ! 
This  is  our  home,  yea,  this  is  our  country  !     My  father  Anchises, 
Now  I  distinctly  remember,  these  secrets  of  destiny  left  me: 
'  When,'  said  he,   '  hunger,  my  son,  shall  constrain  thee,  when  wafted  to  unknown 
Shores,  to  consume  thy  tables,  when  viands  thereon  are  exhausted,  125 

Then  remember  to  hope  for  homes,  and  though  weary  to  plant  there 
Primal  abodes  with  thy  hand,  and  entrench  them  around  with  a  breastwork.' 
This  was  that  hunger,  and  this  was  remaining  our  final  endurance, 
Destined  to  set  to  our  hazards  a  bound: — 

Wherefore  bestir  you,  and  glad,  with  the  gleam  of  4;he  earliest  sunrise,  130 

Let  us  these  tracts,  and  what  people  inhabit  them,  where  are  the  nation's 
Cities,  examine,  and  search  from  the  harbor  in  divers  directions. 
Empty  your  goblets  to  Jupiter  now,  and  invoke  with  entreaties 
Father  Anchises,  and  place  ye  again  the  wines  on  the  tables." 
Thus  having  spoken,  at  once  with  a  green-leaved  bough  he  his  temples    ^        135 
Wreathes,  and  alike  to  the  sprite  of  the  place,  and  to  Earth  the  primeval 
Source  of  the  gods,  and  the  nymphs,  and  the  yet  unidentified  rivers. 
Prays;  and -he  then  as  devoutly  on  Night,  and  on  nightly  uprising 
Stars,  and  Idaean  Jove,  and  in  turn  on  the  Phrygian  Mother, 

Calls,  and,  in  heaven  and  Erebus  dwelling,  on  each  of  his  parents.  140 

Here  the  omnipotent  father  auspiciously  thrice  from  the  deep  sky 
Thundered,  and  flashing  with  beamings  of  light  and  gold  he  unfolded. 
Floating  from  aether,  a  cloud,  with  his  own  hand  waving  the  signal. 
Hereat  a  rumor  is  suddenly  spreads  through  the  Trojan  batallions. 
That  the  day  has  come,  when  they  may  found  their  predestinate  ramparts.       145 


BOOK    VII.  129 

Eager  renew  they  the  feasts,  and,  tlaie  with  the  marvelous  omen. 
Station  they  wmc-crocks  round,  and  the  wines  encircle  with  j^'arlands. 

So  when  the  next  ilay  rising  was  lighting  the  land»  with  its  early 
Lamp,  they  in  ihvers  directions  the  city,  and  cc^nfine»,  and  nation's 
Coasts  reconnoitre:  these  are  the  |xmj1s  of  the  fount  of  Numicus;  150 

This  is  the  river  Tybris:  here  dwell  the  redoubtable  Latins. 
Then  does  the  son  of  Anchises  order  that,  out  of  the  whole  list 
Chosen,  a  hundred  ambassadors  haste  to  the  monarch  I^tinus' 
August  ramparts,  all  veiled  with  the  olive-branch  symlxjl  of  i'allas, 
And  bear  gifts  to  the  beni,  and  overture  jx-ace  ior  the  Teucrans.  155 

Pause  there  is  none:  they  are  hasting  as  bidden,  and  riding  at  rapid 
Pace.     He  himself  with  a  shallow  trench  is  outlining  the  ramparts. 
Planning  the  sjxjt,  and  aloof  on  the  beach  their  incipient  homesteads 
Girding  with  bastions  and  breastwork  round,  in  the  style  of  encampments. 

Now,  having  measured  the  way,  were  the  warriors  sighting  the  lofty  160 

Turrets  and  roofs  of  the  Latins,  and  ncaring  the  walls  (jf  the  city. 
Fronting  the  town  there  are  boys,  and  youth  in  the  bloom  of  their  manhood, 
Drilling  on  horseback,  and  training  their  spans  on  the  dusty  arena; 
Or  they  are  bending  the  well-tempered  bows,  or  are  handling  the  pliant 
Darts  with  their  arms,  or  competing  together  in  running  and  boxing:  165 

When,  borne  on  in  advance  on  his  steed,  t')  the  ears  of  the  long-lived 
Monarch  a  courier  carries  the  news,  that  in  singular  costume 
Nobles  majestic  have  come.     Within  his  courts  he  commands  them 
Summoned,  and  takes  his  seat  in  the  midst  on  the  throne  of  his  fathers. 
Stately  the  mansion,  and  grand  with  its  hundred  columns,  sublimely  170 

Stood  on  the  heights  of  the  city,  the  palace  of  Laurentme  Picus, 
Shrouded  in  awe  by  the  woods  and  religious  regard  of  their  {larents. 
There  to  assume  their  sceptres,  and  lift  their  inaugural  badges. 
Was  to  their  monarchs  an  omen:  this  hall  was  to  them  as  a  temple: 
This  was  the  seat  of  their  festival  bantjuets,  and  here  were  the  fathers  175 

Wont,  with  a  sacrificed  ram,  to  sit  down  at  continuous  tables; 
Here  in  a  row  were,  moreover,  the  busts  of  their  primitive  grandsires. 
Carved  out  of  anti(jue  cedar,  Italus,  and  father  Sabinus, 
Planter  of  vines,  still  holding  his  pruning-knife  under  his  statue; 
Saturn  the  oUl-man,  too,  and  the  image  of  Janus  the  two-faced,  180 

Were  in  the  vestibule  standing,  and  others — their  kings  from  the  outset: 
Those,  too,  who  martial  wounds  have  endured  in  defending  their  country: 
Many,  moreover,  the  suits  of  armor  that  hang  on  the  door-jxjsts; 
Captured  chariots,  also,  and  curved-edged   skirmishmg-axes, 
Plumes  for  the  head,  and  ponderous  bolts  that  were  taken  from  gateways.        «S5 


130  THE    ^NEID. 

Javelins,  and  bucklers,  and  beaks  wrenched  off  from  the  enemy's  vessels. 

There,  too,  was  seated  the  trainer  of  steeds,  with  the  staff  of  Quirinus, 

Girt  with  a  scarf,  and  wearing  a  Salian  shield  on  his  left  hand, 

Picus,  whom  Circe  his  paramour  caught  by  libidmous  passion, 

Struck  by  her  golden  wand,  and,  transformed  by  her  magical  poisons  190 

Into  a  wood-pecker,  fashioned  and  sprinkled  with  colors  his  pinions. 

Such  was  the  deity's  temple,  within  which  enthroned  on  his  father's 

Throne,  in  his  mansions  Latinus  summoned  before  him  the  Teucrans: 

But  when  admitted,  in  calm  tone,  thus  in  advance  he  addressed  them: 

"Tell  me,  Dardanians,  for  we  are  not  of  your  city  and  nation  195 

Ignorant ;  heralded  ye  have  directed  your  course  on  the  waters — 
What  do  ye  seek  ?  and  what  cause  hath  wafted  your  barks,  and  you  needing 
What,  o'er  so  many  a  dark  blue  shoal  to  Ausonia's  seaboard  ? 
Was  it  by  losing  your  way,  or  as  driven  about  by  the  tempests — 
Such  are  the  many  vicissitudes  sailors  endure  on  the  deep  sea —  .200 

That  ye  have  entered  the  banks  of  our  river  and  moored  in  our  harbor  .'' 
Spurn  not  the  welcome  we  give,  nor  ignore  in  aversion  the  Latins, 
People  of  Saturn,  to  equity  bound  by  no  fetter,  nor  statutes, 
P)Ut  of  their  own  will  holding  that  ancient  deity's  customs. 

Yes,  I  remember — though  growing  obscurer  with  years  is  the  story —  205 

So  the  «Auruncan  old  men  tell  it,  that,  sprung  from  these  moorlands, 
Dardanus  passed  thence  over  to  Phrygia's  cities  of  Ida; 
On  to  the  Thracian  Samos,  now  Samothracia  titled: 
Hence,  up  from  his  Tyrrhenian  homestead  at  Corythus  wafted, 
Now  on  a  throne  does  the  golden  palace  of  stellary  heaven  210 

Greet  him,  and  adds  one  more  to  the  number  of  deities'  altars." 

Thus  had  he  spoke,  and  his  words  thus  Ilioneus  followed  responsive: 
"  Monarch,  illustrious  offspring  of  Faunus,  no  darkening  wintry 
Storm  hath  constrained  us,  impelled  by  the  billows,  to  enter  your  confines. 
Nor  hath  a  star,  nor  a  coast  misled  from  the  line  of  our  voyage  ;  215 

We  are  all  by  design,  and  with  willing  souls  to  this  city 
Brought,  expelled  from  our  realms,  on  which,  from  the  farthest  Olympus 
Coming,  the  sun  was  aforetime  wont  to  look  down  as  the  grandest. 
Jove  is  the  source  of  our  race,  and  in  Jove  as  their  ancestor  Dardan 
Warriors  glory;  our  monarch,  descended  from  Jupiter's  sovereign  270 

Peerage,  the  Trojan  ^neas,hath  sent  us  himself  to  thy  thresholds. 
What  an  o'erwhelming  tempest,  outpouring  from  ruthless  Mycenaj, 
Hurtled  o'er  Ida's  plains,  and  by  what  fatalities  driven, 
Europe's  and  Asia's  respective  continents  rushed  to  the  conflict, 
He  hath  heard  it,  whomever  the  farthest  island  asunder  225 


ItOOK    VII.  131 

Sets  in  the  refluent  ocean,  whomever  the  zone  of  the  scorrhinjj 

Sun,  spread  out  in  the  mulst  of  the  four  zone»,  »e|).'irntc»  from  us. 

Wc,  from  that  dehij^e  borne  over  so  many  unhmitc»!  waters, 

Ask  for  the  K'»<'s  <>f  our  country  a  little  retreat,  and  a  sealM)ard 

Shcltcreil  from  harm,  and  a  wave  and  an  air  that  are  oi)cji  to  all  men.  230 

Wc  will  become  no  disgrace  to  your  realm,  nor  shall  ever  l)e  lightly 

Counted  your  fame,  nor  shall  gratitude  cease  for  so  noble  an  action. 

Nor  shall  .-Vusonians  grieve  that  they  Troja  received  to  their  bosom. 

I  by  the  fates  of  i^^Ineas  do  swear,  and  his  powerful  right  hand — 

If  there  hath  tested  it  any  in  faith  or  in  war  and  in  armor —  235 

Many  a  |H'opk'  and  many — disdain  not  because  of  our  free  will 

Wc  in  our  hands  are  presenting  but  fillets  or  words  of  entreaty — 

Many  a  nation  hath  sought  us,  and  wished  to  unite  in  alliance: 

Hut  the  fates  of  the  gods  have,  by  their  imperious  mandates, 

Forced  us  to  journey  in  (juest  of  your  lands.     Hence  Dardanus  issued;  240 

Here  he  returns,  and  A[K)11o  is  urging,  by  weighty  injunctions, 

To  the  Tyrrhenian  Thybris,  and  sacretl  depths  of  the  fount  of  Numicus. 

Further  our  nKMiarch  accords  thee  these  presents,  though  small,  of  his  former 

Fi>rtune,  the  reliipies  recovered  from  burning  Troja:  libations 

lather  Anchises  was  wont  from  this  gold  to  jwur  out  on  the  altars:  245 

This  was  the  vesture  of  Priam,  assumed  when  he  gave  to  the  people. 

Solemnly  summoned,  the  laws,  and  his  sceptre  and  sacred  tiara  — 

Vestments  the  labor  of  I  Man  matrons  : — " 

At  such  words  of  Ilioneus,  downcast  Latinus  his  features 
Holds  in  abstracted  stare,  and  immovably  clings  to  the  ix^sture,  250 

Rt)lling  intently  his  eyes.     Not  embroidered  purple  the  monarch 
.Moves,  nor  yet  do  the  sceptres  of  Priam  so  jxttently  move  him, 
As  he  is  musing  in  thought  on  the  marriage  and  bet!  of  his  daughter. 
And  in  his  bosom  revolving  the  lot  of  the  veteran  Faunus: 

This  IS  that  son-in-law  destined  by  fates  to  arrive  from  a  foreign  255 

Home,  and  beneath  reciprocal  auspices  yet  to  be  summoned 
Into  our  kingdoms:  from  him  shall  a  progeny  issue  for  valor 
Famous,  and  >vhich  by  its  vigor  shall  gain  the  control  of  the  whole  world. 
Joyous  at  length  he  exclaims:  "  May  the  gcnls  our  enterprise  prosper 
Their  own  augury  I  what  thou  entreatest,  O  Trojan,  is  granted:  a6o 

Presents  I  spurn  not.     You  never  shall  want,  while  I^atinus  is  monarch. 
Richness  of  lM)untiful  fields,  nor  the  ample  abundance  of  Troja. 
lift  now  .4'!neas  himself,  (if  such  is  his  cherishment  of  us, 
If  he  in  friendship  is  eager  to  join  and  be  welcomed  as  ally.) 
Come  here  in  person,  nor  let  him  recoil  from  a  friendly  acquaintance.  ?^>? 


132  THE    ^NEID. 

Part  of  the  peace  shall  be  mine  to  have  touched  the  hand  of  your  sovereign  ; 

Ye  in  return  now  carry  my  mandates  back  to  your  monarch: 

I  have  a  daughter,  but  whom  to  unite  to  a  man  of  our  nation 

Neither  the  lots  from  the  shrine  of  my  father,  nor  heaven's  abundant 

Portents  permit:  there  shall  son-in-law  come  from  extraneous  seaboards —       270 

This  they  descant  as  in  waiting  for  Latium — who  shall  by  issue 

Lift  our  renown  to  the  stars:  that  this  is  the  one  whom  the  fates  mean 

I  both  believe,  and,  if  .rightly  my  mind  is  presaging,  desire  it." 

Having  thus  spoken  the  father  selects  choice  steeds  from  his  whole  stud ; 
Glossily  groomed  in  their  gorgeous  stables  were  standmg  three  hundred;         275 
Straightway  he  orders  them  led  into  line  for  all  of  the  Teucrans, 
Wing-footed,  decked  with  caparisons  richly  embroidered  in  purple; 
Golden  the  pendulous  martmgales  hang  from  the  breasts  of  the  prancers, 
Mantled  with  gold,  in  their  teeth  they  are  champing  the  yellowest  gold  bits; 
Forth  he  to  absent  yEneas  a  chariot  sends  and  a  matched  span,  2S0 

Bred  from  stherial  stock,  and  breathing  out  fire  from  their  nostrils. 
Bred  from  the  breed  of  the  steeds,  which  unknown  to  her  father,  the  artful 
Circe,  as  hybrids,  had  raised  from  a  mare  surreptitiously  covered. 
Cheered  by  such  gifts,  and  words  of  Latinus  the  happy  ^neans, 
Mounted  on  horses,  return,  and  report  the  success  of  the  treaty.  285 

But  lo  !  now  was  betaking  her  back  to  lanchian  Argos 
Jupiter's  petulent  spouse,  and  on  wafted  was  catching  the  breezes. 
When,  in  the  distance,  from  aether,  she  haply  the  gladsome  ^neans 
Spied,  and  Dardania's  fleet  from  even  Siculian  Pachynus;  [mainland. 

Sees  them  now  building  them   homes,  and  now  trusting  themselves   to   the     290 
Quitting  their  vessels.      She  paused,  transfixed  with  intensified  anguish; 
Then  she,  shaking  her  head,  pours  forth  these  words  from  her  bosom: 
"O  the  detestable  stock,  and  the  fates  of  the  Phrygians  thwarting 
Fates  of  our  own  !  and  could  they  not  sink  on  the  plains  of  Sigeiim  ? 
Could  not  the  captives  be  captives  ?     And  did  not  contemptable  Troja  295 

Cremate  the  men  ?  Through  the  midst  of  the  frays,  through  the  mass  of  the  burning 
They  have  discovered  a  way.     I  suppose  that  my  potencies  prostrate 
Lie,  then,  exhausted  at  length,  or  that  glutted  with  hate  I  have  rested  ! 
Nay,  when  they  out  of  their  country  were  flung,  I,  their  foe,  on  the  billows 
Dared  to  pursue,  and  as  fugitives  face  them  on  every  ocean.  300 

Forces  of  heaven  and  earth  have  been  futilely  spent  on  the  Teucrans. 
What  did  the  Syrtes  or  Scylla,  or  what  did  unfathomed  Charybdis 
Profit  me  ?     They  are  ensconced  in  the  coveted  lap  of  the  Tiber,  * 

Safe  from  the  ocean  and  me  !     Yes,  Mars  by  his  might  could  the  savage 
Race  of  the  Lapithae  crush,  and  the  father  himself  of  immortals  305 


BOOK    VII.  133 

Primitive  Calydon  yielded,  forsooth,  to  the  wrath  of  Diana; 

Wh.it  so  virc.it  was  the  I^ii>ith.x''s  crime,  or  what  Calydon"»  treason  ? 

lUii  I,  the  niivihty  consort  of  Jove,  who  can  iles|>erate  nothing 

I. cave  unattempted,  and  wIk)  have  rcsorteil  to  every  apphance. 

Am  by  -Kneas  defeated  !      And  what  if  my  jxjtencie»  are  not  310 

I'otent  enoU)^h,  I  can  doubt  not  to  ask  them  wherever  existing. 

I,  if  unable  to  manage  su|)ernals,  will  Achtron  muster  I 

Grant  that  I  am  not  allowed  to  debar  him  from  I^tin  dominions, 

.And  that  Lavinia  changeless  by  destiny  waits  him  as  consort. 

Still  I  can  hamjK'r,  and  hiiulrances  add  to  such  odious  issues;  315 

Still  I  have  leave  to  e.vterminate  even  the  ix;ople  of  both  kings  ; 

So,  then,  let  father  and  son-in-law  league  at  the  price  of  their  subjects. 

Maiden,  thou  shall  by  Rutulian  blood,  and  by  Trojan  be  dowered; 

Vea,  and  Bellona  awaits  thee  as  bridesmaid  !     Not  solely  Cisseis' 

Daughter,  conceiving  a  torch,  brought  forth  a  connubial  fire-brand.  320 

Nay,  and  her  own  liorn  offspring  to  Venus  shall  be  but  another 

Paris, anil  lurid  shall  gleam  the  recidivous  IVrgamus'  torch  lights  I  " 

When  she  has  spoken  these  words  right  wrathfully  wended  she  earthward: 
Forth  from  the  home  of  the  terrible  sisters,  profound  in  infernal 
Darkness,  she  summons  Allecto  the  fiend,  to  whose  heart  are  a  pleasure  3^5 

Sorrowful  wars,  and  resentments,  and  plots  and  nefarious  mischiefs. 
Pluto  her  father  hath  hated,  as  have  her  Tartarean  sisters 
Hated,  the  monster,  she  changes  herself  to  so  numerous  features. 
Faces  so  savage  are  hers,  and  there  bristles  so  many  a  black  snake  I 
Juno  in  these  words  whets  her  for  action,  and  thus  she  bespeaks  her:  330 

••Virgin  daughter  of  Night,  vouchsafe  me  this  special  achievement. 
This  one  service,  lest  shattered  our  honor  or  fame  its  position 
Have  to  surrender,  and  lest  the  /Eneans,  by  nuptial  alliance, 
Ciet  round  monarch  I^tinus,  and  squat  in  Italia's  confines. 

Thine  is  the  jiotence  to  arm  in  encounters  unanimous  brethren.  335 

'I'hine  to  embroil  in  hostilities  homes,  and  to  bring  into  households 
Scourges  and  funeral  torches:  thy  various  names  are  a  thousand. 
Thousand  thjr  methods  of  mischief.     Come  shake  thy  proliferous  bosom; 
Rupture  the  ratified  treaty,  and  sow  provocations  of  warfare: 
Arms  let  the  warriors  crave,  and  at  once  demand  them  and  seize  them."  340 

He#;at  Allecto,  infected  with  rankest  Gorgonian  venoms, 
Straightway  to  Latium,  and  the  I^urentian  tyrant's  im|X)sing 
Mansions  refxiirs,  and  in  silence  besieges  the  door  of  .Vmata, 
Whom,  by  the  advent  of  Teucrans  aiul  nuptials  pros})ective  of  Turnus, 
Womanly  cares  and  resentments  hotly  was  slewing  to  frenzy.  345 


134  THE    ^NEID. 

At  her  the  goddess  a  snake  from  her  darkly  cerulean  tresses 

Threw,  and  inserts  it  deep  in  her  heart,  in  her  innermost  vitals, 

That  she,  enraged  by  the  monster,  in  discord  immingle  the  whole  house  : 

Close  in  between  her  vestments  and  delicate  bosom,  it  gliding 

Crawls  along  by  insensible  touch,  and  beguiles  her  to  fury,  350 

Breathing  its  viperous  spirit  within  :  it  becomes  an  entwisted 

Necklace,  a  huge  gold  adder  ;  becomes,  too,  a  tie  to  her  flowing 

Fillet,  and  knots  up  her  ringlets,  and  slippery  creeps  o'er  her  members. 

Now  while  the  primal  infection,  ingliding  with  moistening  venom, 
Thrills  through  her  senses,  and  secretly  tingles  her  bones  with  the  wild-fire,    355 
Ere  yet  her  soul  has  perceived  the  flame  through  the  whole  of  her  bosom, 
Gentler  than  wont,  and  in  usual  manner  of  mothers  she  spake  out, 
Shedding  many  a  tear  o'er  her  child  and  the  Phrygian  nuptials  : 
"  Is  our  Lavinia  given  then,  sire,  to  be  led  by  the  roving 

Teucrans  ?  Hast  thou  no  pity  for  either  thyself  or  thy  offspring  ?  360 

None  for  her  mother,  whom  doubtless  the  brigand,  by  earliest  north-wind 
Seeking  the  deep  with  the  kidnapped  maiden,  will  basely  abandon  ? 
But  does  the  Phrygian  shepherd  not  penetrate  thus  Lacedfemon  ? 
Aye,  and  he  Leda's  Helen  bore  off  to  the  cities  of  Troja  ! 

What  of  thy  solemn  troth,  and  thy  former  regard  for  thy  kindred  ?  365 

What  of  thy  right  hand  plighted  so  oft  to  thy  relative  Turnus  ? 
If  there  must  need  be  a  son-in-law  sought  from  a  race  to  the  Latins 
Foreign,  if  this  be  settled,  and  Faunus  thy  parent's  injunctions 
Hamper  thee,  every  land,  which  free  and  distinct  from  our  sceptres 
Lies,  I  consider  as  foreign,  and  so  I  believe  that  the  gods  mean.  370 

Turnus  indeed,  were  the  earliest  rise  of  his  family  searched  out, 
Inachus  claims,  and  Acricius,  sires  from  the  midst  of  Mycenae." 

When  she,  having  in  these  words  vainly  attempted  Latinus, 
Sees  him  withstand  her,  and  when,  too,  the  maddening  bane  of  the  serpent, 
Gliding  down  deep  in  her  vitals  insensi]:)ly  wholly  pervades  her,  375 

Then  does  she  verily  wretched,  excited  by  ominous  portents. 
Wildly  infuriate  rave  through  the  whole  extent  of  the  city  ; 
Just  as  a  spinning  top,  which  ofttimes  under  the  twisted 
Whip,  the  boys  in  a  spacious  circle  around  in  an  open 

Courtyard  lustily  lash  in  their  sport :  by  the  lashes  it  driven  3S0 

Whisks  in  its  circular  spaces  ;  above  it  unconscious  the  youthful  '^ 

Band  stands  spell-bound  gazing,  admiring  the  versatile  boxwood  ; 
Blows  give  impetus  to  it  :   no  slower  than  it  in  her  coursing 
She,  through  the  midst  of  the  cities  and  barbarous  peoples,  is  hurried  ; 
Nay,  she  away  to  the  forests  by  feigned  inspiration  of  Bacchus  385 


BOOK    VII.  133 

Slnrtinj,»  more  infamous  mischiefs,  and  rousin;;  more  furious  frenzy. 

Flits,  and  secretes  her  dau^;hter  afar  on  the  fuliat^ed  mountains. 

That  she  may  rob  of  her  bridal  the  Teucrans,  and  hindei  the  torches, 

Krenziedly,  *•  Kvt>c  Ilacchus,  thou  only  art  worthy  the  maiden," 

Shouting,  *'  and  truly  for  thee  she  assumes  the  voluptuous  thyrsus;  ^90 

Thee  she  parades  in  the  dance,  and  for  thee  tends  sacred  her  ringlets." 

Rumor  is  flittinj^,  and  ardor,  the  same  in  their  btjsoms  by  furies 

Kindled,  at  once  drives  all  the  matrons  to  seek  them  new  (iwellinKS  : 

'Ihey  have  (juit  homes,  and  resign  their  necks  and  hair  to  the  breezes. 

Others,  however,  the  welkin  fill  with  their  tremuhjus  wailin^s,  395 

.•\s  they  the  vine-wreathcil  spear-shafts  carry  enveloped  in  sheejvskins; 

She  herself  in  their  mulst,  in  hc-r  fevor,  a  luminous  pine-knot 

Waves,  as  she  carrols  the  nuptial  songs  of  her  daughter  and  Turnus, 

Rolling  her  bloodshot  glaring  eyes,  and  she  suddenly  wildly 

Shrieks  :   ••  Whosoever  you  are,  O  listen  ye  Latian  mothers,  400 

If  there  remains  in  your  pious  souls  for  unhappy  .Vmata 

.•\ught  of  esteem,  if  regard  for  the  rights  of  a  mother  affect  you. 

Loosen  the  ties  of  your  hair,  and  engage  ye  with  mc  in  the  orgies." 

Thus  does  Allecto  in  forest,  and  desolate  haunts  of  the  wild  beasts. 

Hurry  on  hither  and  thither  the  queen  by  the  goadings  of  Bacchus.  405 

When  she  apjxared  to  have  whetted  enough  their  incipient  frenzies  ; 
When  she  has  ruined  the  counsels  and  house  entire  of  Latinus, 
Quick  the  detestable  goddess  soars,  on  her  ebony  pinions, 
Up  to  the  daring  Rutulians'  walls,  to  the  city  that  Dana; 

Once  it  is  said,  for  the  early  Acrisian  colonists  founded,  410 

Swift  by  the  South-wind  wafted.     The  place  was  of  yore  by  the  fathers 
Ardea  called,  and  Ardea  still  is  retaining  its  great  name  : 
But  its  fortune  has  gone.     In  his  stately  mansions  was  Turnus 
Here  now  taking  his  rest  in  the  silence  and  gloom  of  the  midnight. 
Meanwhile  Allecto  her  savage  appearance  and  limbs  as  a  fury  415 

Doffs,  and,  transforming  herself  to  the  form  of  an  elderly  woman, 
Kurrows  her  hiileous  forehead  with  wrinkles,  and  mantles  her  hoary 
Locks  with  a  fillet,  and  wreathes  it  through  with  a  sprig  of  the  olive  ; 
Calybi  seems  she,  the  handmaid  of  Juno,  and  priest  of  her  temple. 
Then  with  these  words  presents  she  herself  to  the  eyes  of  the  young  man  :      420 
"  Turnus,  and  wilt  thou  inanely  allow  so  many  endeavors 
Dashed,  and  this  sceptre  of  thine  transferred  to  Darilanian  settlers  ? 
Monarch  Latinus  denies  thee  the  marriage,  ignoring  thy  blooil-bought 
Dower,  because  an  extraneous  heir  to  the  kingdom  is  wanted  ? 
Go  now,  and  offer  thyself  in  derision  to  thankless  e.xjx)sures  :  425 


136  THE    ^NEID. 

Go,  and  lay  low  the  Tyrrhenian  ranks,  and  in  amity  shelter  the  Latins. 

So  then,  this  is  the  message,  that  while  thou  in  quieted  midnight 

Liest  almighty  Saturnia  openly  bids  me  announce  thee. 

Wherefore  bestir,  and  thy  warriors  arm  and  prepare  them  to  sally 

Eager  in  arms  from  the  gates,  and  the  Phrygian  chiefs,  who  have  squatted       430 

Down  by  the  beautiful  river,  to  burn  in  their  gorgeous  galleys. 

August  might  of  celestials  commands  thee  !     Let  monarch  Latinus, 

Should  he  not  grant  thee  the  marriage  and  deign  to  abide  by  his  promise, 

Know,  and  at  length  make  proof  of  the  valor  of  Turnus  in  armor  !  " 

Hereat  the  young  man,  scouting  the  seeress,  in  turn  her  advances  435 

Orally  answers  :  "  The  tidings  of  fleets  on  the  wave  of  the  Tiber, 
Lately  inwafted,  have  not,  as  thou  thinkest,  escaped  my  attention  ; 
Broach  not  to  me  such  alarms.     Be  assured  that  imperial  Juno 
Is  not  unmindful  of  us  : — 

But  old-age  succumbing  to  dotage,  and  dead  to  the  real,  440 

Worries  thee,  mother,  with  profitless  cares,  and  thee,  though  a  seeress 
Mocks,  mid  the  armor  belonging  to  kings,  with  delusive  forebodings  : 
Thine  is  the  charge  to  take  care  of  the  deities'  statues  and  temples  ; 
Wars  and  peace  let  men,  by  whom  wars  are  conductable,  manage." 

Forth  does  Allecto  at  such  words  flare  into  wrathful  resentment:  445 

But  as  she  speaks  quick  trembling  seizes  the  limbs  of  the  young  man  ; 
Set  were  his  eyes,  so  appallingly  hisses  the  fury  with  hydras. 
Such  is  the  terrible  shape  she  assumes;  then  whirling  her  flaming 
Glances  she  sternly  repulsed  him,  though  struggling  and  begging  to  utter 
More,  and  in  wrath  from  her  tresses  erected  a  couple  of  serpents  !  450 

Sounded  her  whip,  as  she  this  from  her  furious  mouth  superadded: 
"  See  me  succumbing  to  dotage,  whom  old-age,  dead  to  the  real. 
Mocks,  mid  the  armor  belonging  to  kings,  with  delusive  forebodings  ! 
Look  up  at  these  !     I  am  here  from  the  home  of  the  pestilent  sisters: 
Wars  in  my  hand  and  havoc  I  bear  ! — "  455 

Thus  having  said,  at  the  young  man  hurled  she  a  brand,  and,  with  lurid 
Light  all  smouldering,  torches  inserted  down  deep  in  his  bosom.  [joints 

Great  was  the  shudder  that  startled  his  sleep:  through  his  bones  and  his  limb- 
Bursting  trickled  a  clammy  sweat  from  the  whole  of  his  body  : 
Madly  for  armor  he  storms,  seeks  armor  on  couch  and  in  mansions  ;  460 

Rampant  his  zest  for  the  sabre,  and  arrant  his  frenzy  for  warfare, 
Vengeance  transcendent !  even  as  when,  with  a  furious  crackling 
Blazing  faggots  are  thrust  'neath  the  ribs  of  a  simmering  caldron  ; 
Bubbles  the  liquors  with  heat,  and  the  fuming  waters  within  it 
Surges,  and  highly  in  frothy  rivers  is  rioting  over:  465 


BOOK    VII.  I ',7 

Now  unrcstraincil  is  tne  wave,  and  the  dark  steam  flits  on  the  breezes. 

Therefore  he  hitis,  as  the  truce  has  been  sullied,  his  warrior  chieftains 

March  to  the  monarch  Latinus,  and  orders  that  armor  l)c  furnished, 

Bills  them  protect  Italia  and  banish  the  foe  from  her  confines, 

Claiminj;  that  he  is  enough  to  encounter  both  Teurrans  and  Latins  :  470 

When  he  haii  issueil  these  orders  he  called  <jn  the  g'xls  with  of)lation8. 

Vie  the  Rutulians  each  in  exhorting  the  other  in  armor; 

This  one  the  splendid  appearance  and  youth  of  their  leader  inspirits; 

That  their  ancestral  kinfjs  ;  that  a  right  hand  famed  for  achievements. 

While  thus  Turnus  is  filling  Rutulians  all  with  audacious      .  475 

Spirits,  Allecto  is  soaring,  on  Stygian  wings,  to  the  Teucrans, 
Watching  with  new  machinations  the  sjiot.  where,  out  on  the  sea-beach, 
Lovely  lUlus  with  snares,  in  the  chase  was  pursuing  the  wild  lieasts; 
Here  does  the  maid  of  Cocytus  throw  in  the  way  of  his  grey-hounds 
Sudden  distraction  ;  for  she  with  an  odor  familiar  their  nostrils  480 

Touches,  that  hotly  they  worry  a  deer,  which  became  the  primeval 
Cause  of  the  troubles,  and  kindled  the  souls  of  the  yeomen  for  warfare. 

There  was  a  roebuck,  portly,  of  exquisite    figure  and  antlers. 
Which  from  the  teats  of  its  mother  purloined,  were  the  boys  of  Tyrrheiis 
Nursing,  and  father  Tyrrheiis,  whose  charge  was  the  care  of  the  royal  485 

Herds,  and  to  whom  was  entrusted  the  keeping  at  large  of  the  pastures. 
Trained  to  her  bidding,  their  sister  Sylvia  often  its  antlers 
Wreathing  with  utmost  care,  would  adorn  them  with  delicate  garlands  ; 
Oft  she  would  curry  the  beast,  and  would  bathe  it  in  crj'stalline  waters. 
It,  too,  would,  tamed  by  her  hand  and  used  to  the  board  of  its  mistress,  490 

Roam  in  the  woods,  and  would  back  of  its  own  accord  to  the  well-known 
Threshold  nightly  return  to  its  home,  though  late  in  the  night-time: 
Strolling  at  distance,  the  hunter  lillus'  ravenous  grey-hounds 
Started  it  up,  as  it  chanced  to  have  floated  along  on  the  river's 
Tide,  and  lay  cooling  its  heat  on  the  grassy  lawn  on  its  margin.  495 

Yes,  and  Ascanius  also,  aglow  with  a  zest  for  the  splendid 
Prize,  from  his  full-bent  bow  directed  an  arrow  up<m  it : 
Nor  did  the  deity  suffer  his  hand  to  mistake,  and  the  shot  reed 
Went  with  a  whiz  through  its  belly,  anil  on  through  its  lower  intestines. 
Hut  for  a  refuge  the  wounded  quadruped  tied  to  the  well-known  500 

Mansions,  and  moaning  retired  to  the  stables,  and  there  with  its  bleating, 
Oory,  and  like  to  a  person  imploring,  was  filling  the  whole  house. 
Instantly  sister  Sylvia,  beating  her  arms  with  her  flat  palms. 
Calls  for  asistance,  and  summons  together  the  sinewy  rustics. 
They — for  the  hideous  hag  lies  hid  in  the  hush  of  the  forests —  505 


138  THE    ^NEID. 

Suddenly  make  their  appearance,  one  armed  with  a  torrified  firebrand  ; 

One  with  a  heavily  knotted  bludgeon,  whatever  each  groping 

Found,  his  anger  converts  to  a  weapon.     Tyrrheds  a  posse 

Summons  as  he,  as  it  chanced,  was  an  oak  with  his  beetle  and  wedges 

Splitting  in  quarters,  and  panting,  ferociously  caught  up  a  broad-axe.  51c 

But  from  her  outlook  the  goddess,  obtaining  the  moment  for  mischief. 

Hies  to  the  towering  roofs  of  the  stables,  and  high  from  the  top  ridge 

Peals  forth  the  shepherds  alarum,  and  loud  on  her  curviform  horn-pipe 

Strains  her  Tartarean  voice  ;  at  which  in  an  instant  the  whole  wood 

Shook  with  the  blast,  and  deeply  resounded  the  depths  of  the  forests.  515 

Trivia's  lake  in  the  distance  has  heard  it,  and  heard  it  the  river 

Nar,  with  sulphureous  waters  white,  and  the  founts  of  Velinus  : 

Mothers  the  meanwhile  trembhngly  pressed  their  babes  to  their  bosoms. 

Verily  then  to  the  summons  alert,  where  the  terrible  trumpet 

Sounded  the  signal,  from  every  direction,  grasping  their  weapons,  520 

Rush  the  redoubtable  farmers  ;  and  warriors  also  of  Troja 

Stream  forth  out  of  their  opened  camps  to  Ascanius'  rescue. 

They  have  arranged  them  for  battle;  no  longer  in  rustic  engagement 

Now  is  the  warfare  waged  with  hardened  cudgels  and  charred  stakes. 

But  with  the  two-edged  steel  they  decide  it,  and  wide  does  the  dismal  525 

Harvest  of  drawn  swords  bristle,  and  brasses  reflective 

Gleam  in  the  sun,  and  away  to  the  clouds  uptoss  the  refulgence  : 

Just  as  when  billows  begin  with  the  first  light  breezes  to  whiten, 

Little  by  little  the  sea  upheaves,  and  it  higher  its  surges 

Lifts,  till  it  rises  to  heaven  in  mass  from  its  nethermost  soundings.  530 

Here  in  the  forefront  rank,  by  a  whizzing  arrow,  the  young  man 
Almon,  who  eldest  had  been  of  the  sons  of  Tyrrheiis,  is  stricken 
Down,  for  the  wounding  shaft  stuck  fast  in  his  throat,  and  the  passage 
Closed  of  his  gurgling  voice,  and  with  blood  his  attennate  life  choked. 
Many  the  corpses  of  heroes  around,  and  the  aged  Galsesus,  535 

Slain  as  he  presses  between  them  for  peace,  who  alone  was  the  noblest 
Once,  and  accounted  the  richest  in  all  the  Ausonian  low-lands  : 
Five  were  his  flocks  of  bleating  sheep,  and  five  were  his  homeward 
Wending  herds  :  with  a  hundred  plows  was  he  plowing  his  fallow. 

But  while  these  on  the  plains  by  relentless  Mars  are  enacted,  540 

Having  her  promise  made  good,  when  in  blood  she  at  length  has  the  warfare 
Steeped,  and  with  funerals  charged  the  initial  encounter,  the  goddess 
Quits  Hesperia  soon,  and,  returned  on  the  breezes  of  heaven, 
Thus  in  imperious  tone  speaks  out  as  a  victor  to  Juno  : 
"  Lo  !  to  thy  liking  a  discord  for  ruful  war  is  accomplished  ;  545 


BOOK    VII.  139 

Tell  them  they  now  may  unite  in  alliance  and  ratify  treaties, 
Since  with  Ausonian  bUxnl  I  have  duly  Iwsprinkled  the  Teucrans  ; 
Yea,  ami  to  these  I  will  add,  if  assured  of  thy  willinj{  connivance: 
I  to  the  battle  by  rumors  will  muster  the  nei);hburin^  cities, 

Aye,  ami  will  kindle  their  souls  with  a  maddeninv;  |)assion  for  slau;{htcr,  550 

Round  them  to  rally  with  aiil,  and  will  scatter  the  armor  o'er  jjrain-fields." 
Then  resix)nsively  Juno  :     "Of  terrors  and  fraud  there  is  ample  : 
Fixed  are  the  causes  of  war  ;  it  is  battled  with  armor  in  close  fight  ; 
Kresh-shed  bloo<.l  has  the  first  arms  stee|Kd,  which  an  accident  furnished  : 
Such  be  the  nuptials,  and  such  the  coniuibial  union  the  noble  555 

Offspring  of  Venus  and  monarch  Latinus  shall  celebrate  jointly. 
Hut  for  thyself  to  roam  through  the  air  of  heaven  too  freely 
He,  the  father  and  sovereign  of  lofty  Olympus,  [K-rmits  not. 
Out  of  these  places  !     If  any  emergence  of  service  arises, 

I  will  myself  rule."     Such  strict  charge  had  Saturnia  given  :  560 

But  uplifting  his  pinions,  now  hissing  with  serpents,  the  fury 
Hies  to  her  home  by  Cocytus,  forsaking  the  regions  supernal. 

There  is  a  spot  in  the  midst  of  Italia's  mountainous  ranges, 
Noted  of  old  and  renowned  in  story  on  many  a  seaboard, 

Vale  of  Amsanctus  ;  the  sombre  side  of  a  wood,  with  its  dense-grown  565 

Foliage  hems  it  on  every  hand  ;  through  its  centre  a  roaring 
Torrent  an  echo  flings  to  the  rocks  from  its  tortuous  eddy  : 
Here  is  a  horrible  cave,  and  the  vents  of  the  merciless  IMuto 
Shown,  and  outbursting  Acheron's  mighty  voraginous  whirlpool 
()|)cns  its  pestilent  jaws,  within  which  hidden  the  Fury,  570 

Hateful  fiend,  was  relieving  both  heaven  and  earth  of  her  presence. 

Nevertheless  in  the  meantime  queen  Saturnia  puts  her 
Finishing  han:l  to  the  war.      The  number  entire  of  the  shepherds 
Rushes  from  battle  to  city,  anil  back  they  are  bringing  the  victims, 
.Almon  the  warrior-boy,  and  the  corpse  of  disfiguretl  (iala;sus,  575 

,\nd  they  implore  the  gods  and  adjure  with  entreaty  Latinus. 
Turinis  is  there,  and,  amid  criminations  of  slaughter  and  arson, 
Heightens  their  terror,  alleging  that  Teucrans  are  called  to  the  kingdom. 
I'hrygian  stock  is  admitted,  and  he  is  e.xpelled  from  the  threshold. 
'I'hen  they  whose  mothers,  through  trackless  woods  made  frantic  by  Bacchus,  580 
Hound  in  the  Bacchanal  dance — for  of  weight  is  the  name  of  Amata — 
Mustered  from  every  quarter,  assemble  and  worry  the  war-god. 
Forthwith  counter  to  omens,  counter  to  deities'  portents, 
.Ml  for  ineffable  war,  through  a  baleful  divinity  clamor. 
Round  the  abodes  of  the  monarch  I>.itinus  they  eagerly  cluster:  5S5 


140  THE    ^NEID. 

He  like  a  firmly  immovable  rock  of  the  ocean  withstands  them — 

Yea,  like  a  rock  of  the  ocean,  when  mighty  the  shock  of  the  breakers 

Coming  upon  it,  while  many  a  billow  is  howling  around  it, 

Holds  to  its  base,  and  around  it  in  vain  do  the  crags  and  the  foaming 

Ledges  resound,  and  dashed  on  its  sides  is  rebounded  the  seaweed.  590 

When  there  is  granted,  however,  no  power  of  thwarting  their  blinded 
Scheme,  and  events  at  the  beck  of  the  merciless  Juno  are  going. 
Often  the  father  appealing  to  gods  and  the  shadowy  aether: 
"  O  we  are  wrecked  by  the  fates,"  he  exclaims,  "  we  are  riding  the  whirlwind  ! 
Ye  shall  yourselves  these  penalties  pay  with  your  recreant  life-blood,  595 

O  ye  wretches  !     And  Turnus  for  shame  !     There  awaits  thee  an  awful 
Doom,  and  too  late  thou  with  vows  shalt  the  deities  sue  for  assistance: 
For  my  repose  is  secured;  it  is  just  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor, 
But  I  am  robbed  of  a  peaceable  death  !"     No  more  did  he  utter; 
Shut  he  himself  m  his  homes,  and  abandoned  the  reins  of  the  empire.  600 

Custom  it  was  in  Hesperian  Latium,  which  from  that  era 
Alba's  cities  have  sacredly  kept,  and  Rome  the  directress 
Now  of  the  world  still  keeps,  when  they  Mars  first  marshal  in  battles — 
Whether  preparing  to  wage  a  calamitous  war  with  the  Getae, 

Or  with  Hyrcanian  hordes,  or  Arabs,  or  march  to  the  Indies,  605 

Or  to  the  Orient  press,  or  recapture  from  Parthians  standards — 
Twain  are  the  portals  of  war — for  such  they  distinctively  term  them — 
Held  in  religious  awe,  and,  in  dread  of  the  merciless  Mars,  closed; 
Bar  them  a  hundred  brazen  bolts,  and  iron's  eternal 

Strength,  nor  is  Janus,  the  sentinel,  ever  away  from  the  threshold:  6to 

But,  when  a  settled  purpose  of  war  is  decreed  by  the  fathers. 
Stately,  and  clad  in  the  robe  of  Quirinus,  and  girded  in  Gabine 
Fashion,  the  consul  himself  unfastens  these  stridulous  thresholds; 
He,  too,  summons  to  battle:  then  follows  the  rest  of  the  young  men, 
Whilst  the  brazen  cornets  are  blaring  in  jarring  accordance.  615 

Then,  by  this  custom,  Latinus  was  solemnly  bidden  to  publish 
War  against  the  ^"neans,  and  open  the  ominous  portals; 
But  the  father  abstained  from  the  touch,  and  turning  abhorrent 
Shrank  from  the  odious  service,  and  buried  himself  in  profound  gloom. 
Then  down-gliding  from  heaven,  the  queen  of  the  gods  with  her  own  hand      620 
Pushed  in  the  lingering  portals;  and  turning  unnoticed  the  hinges. 
Bursts  wide  open  Saturnia  war's  steel-riveted  door-posts. 
Flares  unexcited  Ausonia  now,  though  immovable  erewhile: 
Part  are  as  infantry  ready  to  march  to  the  plains,  and  a  part  dash 
Dustily  mounted  on  tall  steeds;  all  are  soliciting  armor.  625 


BOOK    VII.  141 

Others  arc  scourlnij  their  biirnishctJ  bucklers,  and  jjl'ttcrintj  jnvchns 

(Ireasy  with  tall«iw,  and  busily  gnndinii  their  axes  on  xrindsloncs: 

Joy  they  to  carry  the  standards  and  listen  to  sound»  of  the  trumpets. 

Kive  ^eat  cities  accordinj^Iy,  placing  their  anvils  in  posture, 

Forjje  new  weapons,  the  mij^hly  .\tina,  im|X'rial  'I'ibur,  630 

^^-Ulea,  Crustumerium,  and  turret-sustaining  .\nlemnw. 

Hollow  they  helmets  protecting  the  head,  and  they  wattle  the  wicker 

liucklers  with  bosses  of  osier;  while  others  are  busily  breastplates 

Moulding  of  brass,  or  greaves  smooth-polished  of  pliable  silver. 

Here  is  the  honor  of  coulter  and  sickle  succumbing,  and  here  all  635 

Love  of  the  plow;  they  resmelt  in  the  furnace  the  swords  of  their  fathers; 

Bugles  now  sound,  and,  as  signal  of  battle,  is  passing  the  watchword: 

This  one  trepidant  snatches  his  helm  from  his  dwellings,  and  that  one 

Breaks  in  his  snorting  steeds,  and  with  shield  and  with  corselet  of  triple 

Gold  is  accoutred,  and  girt  with  his  trusty  sword  for  the  onset.  640 

Ojjen,  ye  goddesses,  Helicon  now,  and  awaken  my  numbers; 
Tell  me  what  monarchs  engaged  in  the  war,  and  what  forces.attcnding 
Each  one, crowded  the  plains;  what  heroes  Italia  just  then 
Blossomed — a  genial  land — in  what  species  of  armor  she  glittered: 
For,  ye  goddesses,  you  can  rememlx:r,  and  you  can  recount  them,  645 

Faint  though  the  breezes  of  fame  that  to  us  are  attenuate  wafted. 

First  to  enlist  in  the  war  from  Tyrrhenian  shores  is  the  doughty 
Chieftain  Mezentius,  spurner  of  goils,  and  he  arms  his  battalion: 
Close  by  his  side  comes  Lausus  his  son,  than  whom  was  no  other 
Fairer,  excepting  the  person  indeed  of  Laurentian  Turiius —  650 

Lausus  the  trainer  of  horses,  and  champion  hunter  of  wild  l)easts, 
Musters  in  vain  from  .\gyla's  city  a  thousand  attendant 
Warriors;  worthy  was  he,  and  had  happier  been  in  paternal 
Sway,   had  Mezentius  never  have  been  his  accredited  father. 

After  these  proudly  his  chariot,  decked  with  the  fialm.  and  his  winning     655 
Steeds  on  the  green  sod  shows  .Aventinus,  the  handsome  by  handsome 
Hercules  sired;  on  his  shield  he  the  badge  of  his  father  emblazoned 
Wears,  and  a  belt  of  a  hundred  snakes,  and  with  serjK'nts  a  hydra; 
Whom  in  the  wood  of  the  Aventine  highlands  Rhea,  the  priestess. 
Brought  clandestinely  forth  at  a  birth  to  the  shores  of  the  daylight,  66c 

Woman  with  deity  mated,  when  fresh  from  the  Geryon's  slaughter 
Tiryns'  conquering  hero  has  reached  the  I.aurentian  meadows. 
Anil  in  Tyrrhenium's  stream  hath  !)atheil  his  Hiberian  o.xen. 
Javelins  in  hand,  and  murderous  pikes  they  wear  in  their  warfares. 
While  they  with  tapering  rapier  fight  and  SabcIIian  poniard.  665 


142  THE    ^NEID. 

Footman  himself,  and  twirling  the  monstrous,  skin  of  a  lion 

Rough  with  its  terrible  mane  unkempt,  and  enrobed  with  its  white  teeth 

Over  his  head,  he  was  entering  thus  the  imperial  mansions, 

Horrid,  and  round  his  shoulders  had  tied  his  Herculean  mantle. 

Then  do  the  notable  twin- brothers  leave  their  Tiburtian  ramparts,  670 

From  whom  the  clan  by  distinction  is  called  the  Tiburtian  brothers: 
Dauntless  Catillus  and  Coras,  the  Argive  warrior-chieftains. 
On  they  are  borne  to  the  fore-frOnt  rank  mid  the  clustering  weapons. 
On  like  a  couple  of  cloud-born  Centaurs,  when  down  from  the  lofty 
Peak  of  a  mountain  they  come,  forsaking  Homole  and  snow-capped  675 

Orthys  in  rapid  descent:  before  them  in  coming  the  mighty 
Forest  gives  way,  and. the  underbrush  yields  with  a  terrible  racket. 

Nor  was  now  wanting  the  founder  renowned  of  the  city  Prteneste, 
Who  every  age  has  believed  was  a  monarch  begotten  by  Vulcan, 
Born  mid  the  herds  of  the  field  and  found  as  a  babe  on  the  hearthstones,  680 

Caeculus:  widely  collected  a  legion  of  yeomen  attends  him, 
Heroes  who  dwell  in  the  lofty  Prseneste,  and  those  who  on  Gabine 
Juno's  moorlands,  and  ice-bound  Anio  and  Hermica's  dewy 
Rocks  by  the  rivers,  and  those  whom  the  fertile  Anagnia  nurtures; 
Those, too,  whom  thou,  O  sire  Amasenus:  not  all  are  accoutred,  685 

Nor  do  their  shields  and  their  chariots  rattle;  a  principal  part  sling 
Bullets  of  livid  lead,  and  a  portion  a  couple  of  javelins 
Carry  in  hand;  on  the  head  they  as  helmets  a  yellowish  wolf-skin 
Have  as  a  cap,  and  they  planted  the  unshod  soles  of  their  left  feet 
Firm,  while  an  untanned  rawhide  moccasin  covers  the  other.  6"o 

But  Messapus,  the  trainer  of  steeds,  a  descendent  of  Neptune, 
Whom  it  is  fated  to  no  one  with  fire  nor  with  sabre  to  prostrate, 
Suddenly  summons  to  arms  his  immobilized  tribes  and  battalions, 
Long  unaccustomed  to  war,  and  unsheathes  his  blade  from  its  scabbard. 
These  have  the  Fescennine  ranks,  and  the  ranks  of  the  Equi-Falisci;  695 

These  have  the  ranks  from  Soracte's  heights  and  Flavinian  moorlands, 
And  from  the  mountain  and  lake  of  Ciminus,  and  groves  of  Capena. 
On  they  were  marching  in  regular  number,  and  singing  their  sovereign ; 
Just  as  at  times  the  snow-white  swans  mid  the  watery  mist-clouds,      [long  throats 
When  they  return  from  their  pasturage  homeward,  and   shrill   through  their     700 
Trill  their  melodious  measures;  the  rivers  resound  and  the  distant 
Marshes  of  Asia  re-echo: — 

Nor  would  any  one  think  that  from  line  so  extended  were  mingled 
Brass-armed  regiments;  but  an  aerial  cloud  of  discordant 
Fowls  from  the  fathomless  surges  was  driven  precipitous  shoreward.  705 


BOOK    VII.  143 

Lo  !   from  the  primitive  hUxnl  of  the  Sabine»,  Clausus  a  mighty 
Host  comes  leading,  himself  like  a  mij^hty  host  m  ap|x;arancc: 
Now  known  widely  from  whom  js  the  Claudian  clan  and  it»  peerage 
Scattered  through  Latin m,  since  the  dividing  of  Rome  with  the  Sabincs. 
With  him  the  great  Amiternian  cohort  and  veteran  knights  come,  710 

All  of  the  l>and  of  Eretum  and  olive-producing  Mutusca:: 
Those  who  the  city  Nomentum,  and  Roscan  meads  of  Vclinus; 
Those  who  the  beetling  clilfs  of  I'etrica,  and  mount  of  Severus; 
Those  who  inhal)it  CasjK-rin,  Foruli,  and  stream  of  Himella; 
Those,  too,  who  drink  of  the  Iiber  and  Kabaris;  those  whom  the  frozen  715 

Nursia  sent,  and  the  squadrons  of  Horia,  and  l^itin  provincials; 
'I'hosc  whom  the  Alia — name  ill-omened — dividedly  waters: 
Many  they  are  as  the  waves  that  are  rolled  on  the  Libyan  marble, 
When  in  the  surges  of  winter  is  shrouded  the  raging  Orion, 

Or  as  thick  as  the  ears  that  are  scorched  by  the  sun  in  the  early  720 

Summer  on  Hermus'  plains,  or  on  Lycia's  ripening  grain  fields: 
Rattle  their  bucklers,  and  trembles  the  earth  'neath  the  tread  of  their  footsteps 

Hence  does  HaU-esus,  the  Agamemnonian  foe  of  the  Trojan 
Name,  to  his  chariot  harness  his  steeds,  and  to  battle  for  Turnus 
Hurry  a  thousand  ferocious  peoples,  who  Massica's  hillsides —  725 

Grateful  to  Bacchus — upturn  with  their  mattocks,  and  those  from  the  lofty 
Hills,  whom  Auruncan  sires,  and  the  near  Sidicinian  lowlands 
Sent,  and  who  Cales  leave,  and  the  yeomen  along  by  the  shallow 
River  Voltiirnus,  and  side  by  side  the  Siticulan  ruffian 

Horde,  and  the  hordes  of  the  Oscans.      Tapering  darts  are  their  weapons;       7J0 
But  to  attach  these  fast  by  a  flexible  strap  is  their  custom; 
Shielding  their  left  is  a  target,  they  have  sickle-like  sabres  for  fighting. 

Nor  in  our  numl)ers,  O  (Ebalus,  shalt  thou  go  wholly  unmcntioned, 
Whom  by  the  nymph  Sebethis  Telon  l>egat,  it  is  stated. 

While  he  was  Caprea:  holding,  as  realms  of  his  fierce  TelclK)ans,  735 

Old  as  he  was,  but  the  son,  no  longer  content  with  his  father's 
Fields,  was  at  that  time  even  extensively  pressing  in  bondage 
Tribes  of  Sarrastes,  and  fiats  which  the  Sarnus  inundantly  waters; 
Those,  too,  who  Rufrx  and  Hatulum  hold,  and  the  fielils  of  Celemna; 
Those  on  whom  look  down  the  ramparts  of  apple-protlucing  At>ella,  740 

Who  are  accustomed  to  hurl  in  a  fashion  Teutonic  their  lances: 
Bark  stripped  off  of  the  oak  for  their  heads  are  their  only  envelopes; 
tilitter  their  bucklers  of  brass,  anti  glitters  their  co[>pery  broadsword. 

Thee,  too,  O  Ufens,  the  mountainous  Ners.e  hath  sent  to  the  battles, 
Ufens  distinguished  in  fame,  and  renowned  for  felicitous  armor.  745 


144  THE    ^NEID. 

Specially  fierce  is  whose  clan,  by  continual  hunting  in  woodlands 
Trained,  the  ferocious  ^quicolae,  who  on  the  ruggedest  fallows 
All  armed  culture  the  earth,  and  it  always  delights  them  to  bear  off 
New-found  spoils,  and  to  live  as  rapacious  marauders  by  plunder. 

Nay,  and  there  came  from  the  hardy  Marruvian  nation  a  high-priest  750 

Who  for  a  helmet  was  decked  with  a  wreath  of  proliferous  olive, 
Sent  by  his  sovereign  Archippus,  the  great  and  redoubtable  Umbro, 
Who  was  the  viperous  brood,  and  the  deeply  respirable  hydras 
Wont  by  his  spells  and  his  manipulations  to  lull  into  slumbers. 
Wont  to  attemper  their  wrath,  and  their  bites  to  relieve  by  his  treatment;         755 
But  he  possessed  no  appliance  to  heal  a  Dardanian  spear-point's 
Thrust,  nor  for  wounds  did  somniferous  incantations  avail  him, 
No,  nor  his  herbs,  howe'er  carefully  culled  on  the  Marsian  mountains: 
Thee  have  Anguitia's  woodland,  thee  have  the  Fucinus'  crystal 
Billow,  and  thee  have  the  watery  lakes  wept: —  760 

On  to  the  war,  too,  was  marching  Hippolytus'  beautiful  offsprmg 
Virbius,  whom  his  mother  Aricia  sent  in  his  glory. 
Reared  in  Egeria's  groves,  in  the  region  surrounding  its  humid 
Shores,  where  are  standing  the  altars  of  rich  and  propitious  Diana; 
For  they  in  legend  relate  that  Hippolytus,  when  by  his  step-dame's  765 

Trick  he  had  fallen,  and  his  father's  penalty  paid  by  his  life-blood, 
Torn  into  shreds  by  his  terrified  steeds,  he  again  to  beholding 
Planets  getherial  came,  and  to  heaven's  superior  breezes, 
Called  thence  back  by  Paeonian  herbs,  and  the  love  of  Diana. 
Then  the  omnipotent  father,  indignant  that  any  exempted  770 

Mortal  should  rise  to  the  light  of  life  from  the  shadows  infernal, 
Smote  the  Phoebus-begotten  inventor  of  such  an  unsanctioned 
Nostrum,  and  art,  with  a  thunderbolt  down  to  the  Stygian  billows. 
But  kind  Trivia  safely  Hippolytus  hides  in  her  secret 

Seats,  and  anon  to  the  nymph  and  the  woods  of  Egeria  trusts  him,  775 

Where  he  alone  in  Italia's  forests  unknown  might  his  lifetime 
Spend,  and  where  changing  his  name,  he  might  Virbius  be  in  his  surname: 
Whence  from  the  temple  and  sacred  groves  of  Trivia  horn-hoofed 
Steeds  are  excluded,  because  on  the  beach,  by  the  watery  monsters 
Frightened,  they  once  both  the  youth  and  his  chariot  shattered  to  atoms.        780 
None  the  less  was  his  son  his  mettlesome  steeds  on  the  commons 
Training,  and  rushing  in  chariot  eagerly  on  to  the  battles. 

Turnus  himself,  in  the  midst  of  his  chieftains  in  person  transcendent, 
Bustles,  displaying  his  armor,  and  over  them  towers  by  a  whole  head; 
Crested  with  triple  plumage  his  helmet  aloft  of  Chimera  785 


BOOK    VII,  145 

Flaunts,  outlircathinjj  /I'.tncan  fires  from  her  jaws  and  in  aspect 
Seemingly  raj^inj;  the  more,  anti  fiimin;^  with  fri^jhtfully  lurid 
Flames  but  the  fiercer,  the  crueler  j^rew  in  their  carnaiije  the  battles. 
Hossed  was  his  burnished  buckler  in  gold  with  the  fi}{urc  of  lu 
Standing  with  horns  uplifted,  and  shaggy  with  bristles,  a  cow  now,  790 

Monstrous  the  theme  !  and  beside  her  the  maiden's  guardian,  Argus, 
Yea,  and  her  father  Inachus  [xjuring  a  stream  from  a  carved  urn. 
Clouds  of  accoutred  infantry  follow,  and  shielded  battalions 
Densely  arc  packetl  t)n  the  plains,  the  Argive  troops,  the  Auruncan 
Squatis,  the  Rutulian  hordes,  the  Sicanian  veteran  rangers,  795 

And  the  Sacranian  ranks,  and  with  painted  shields  the  I^ibici; 
Those  who,  O  Til)er,  thy  glades  and  the  sacred  shore  of  Numicus 
Furrow,  the  yeomanry,  who  the  Rutulian  hills  with  the  plowshare 
Till,  anil  the  Circa:an  ridge,  o'er  whose  grain  fields  Jupiter  Anxur 
Rules,  and  Feronia,  proud  of  her  evergreen  grove  is  protectress,  800 

Where  the  dismal  morasses  of  Satura  lie,  and  the  Ufens, 
Cold  through  its  deep  dells,  searches  its  way  and  is  buried  in  ocean. 
Came  there  besiiles  these  up  from  the  V'olscian  nation  Camilla, 
Leading  her  cavalry  squadron,  and  blooming  in  brass  her  battalions, 
Warrior-queen,  whose  womanly  hands  were  unused  to  Minerva's  805 

Distaff  and  basket;  but  trained  was  the  maiden  instead  to  encounter 
Arduous  battles,  and  rival  the  wind  in  the  speed  of  her  racing: 
She  o'er  the  tops  of  the  blaiks  of  the  untouched  harv'est  could  lightly 
Skim,  and  not  injure  withal  in  careering  the  tenderest  grain-heads; 
Or  through  the  midst  of  the  ocean  upborne  on  the  crests  of  the  billows  810 

Hold  on  her  way,  and  not  moisten  her  nimble  soles  in  the  surface. 
Every  youngster  from  dwellings  and  fields  jxjured  forth  to  behold  her; 
Crowds,  too,  of  matrons  admire  her  and  eager  look  out  as  she  passes. 
Gaping  with  spirits  astonished,  at  how  her  imperial  mantle 

Veils  with  its  purple  her  delicate  shoulders,  and  how,  too,  the  buckle  815 

P'astens  her  ringlets  in  gold,  and  how  she  her  Lycian  (piiver 
Wears,  and,  with  spear-head  mounted,  her  pastoral  truncheon  of  myrtle. 


BOOK  VIII. 


Meanwhile  51neas  repairs  to  Evander  and  forms  an  Alliance : 
Venus,  assisted  by  Vulcan,  presents  him  invincible  armor, 


When,  from  Laurentum's  citadel,  Turnus  has  signal  of  warfare' 
Hoisted,  and  cornets  with  hoarse-voiced  blare  have  sounded  the  tocsin; 
When  he  has  fretted  his  mettlesome  chargers  and  rattled  his  armor, 
Straightway  their  souls  are  perturbed,  and  at  once,  with  a  trepidant  tumult, 
Leagues  all  Latium  firmly  together,  and  wildly  the  youthful  5 

Warriors  bluster.     The  principal  leaders,  Messapus,  and  Ufens, 
Yea,  and  Mezentius  spurner  of  gods,  their  forces  on  all  sides 
Marshal,  and  strip  of  their  tillers  the  extended  Latian  grainfields. 
Venulus  also  it  sent  to  the  mighty  Diomede's  city. 

Aid  to  entreat,  and  to  tell  of  the  Teucrans  in  Latium  settling;  10 

Tell  that  ^neas  has  come  with  his  fleet,  and  is  bringing  his  conquered 
Homegods,  how  he  is  destined  by  fates,  as  he  claims,  to  be  sovereign; 
How,  too,  the  numerous  nations  are  banding  themselves  with  the  Dardan 
Chieftain,  and  how  through  Latium  wide  is  increasing  his  prestige. 
What  he  designs  by  these  projects,  and  what,  too,  if  fortune  befriends  him,       15 
He  would  expect  as  result  of  the  fight,  is  to  Diomede  clearer 
Known  than  apparent  to  Turnus  the  monarch,  or  monarch  Latinus. 

Such  are  the  issues  in  Latium;  which  the  Laomedon  hero. 
All  now  seeing,  heaves  with  a  mighty  tide  of  emotions: 

But  he  dispatches  his  hurrying  soul  now  hither,  now  thither  20 

Speeds  it  in  divers  directions  and  whirls  it  incessant  on  all  things: 
Just  as  a  tremulous  gleam  from  the  sun,  or  the  radiant  moon-beam's 
Image  at  times,  from  the  brim  of  a  caldron  of  water  reflected. 
Widely  through  all  of  the  interval  flits,  and  anon  on  the  breezes 
Upward  is  vaulted,  and  flashingly  strikes  on  the  uppermost  ceiling.  25 

146 


BOOK    VIII.  147 

Nijjht  was  abroad,  and  o'er  all  lands  slumber  profound  was  possessing 
Wearied  animal  natures— the  races  of  birds  and  of  cattle — 
When  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  and  under  the  vault  of  the  cold  sky 
Father  /Kneas,  disturbed  in  his  breast  by  the  ominous  warfare, 
I^id  him  atlown,  and  allowed  a  belated  repjse  in  his  members.  30 

Lo  !  Tiberinus  himself,  the  j^od  of  the  place,  from  the  charming 
Stream,  as  an  old  man  seemed  to  arise  in  the  midst  of  the  |xjplar 
Thicket:  a  delicate  linen  was  screening  his  form  with  a  sea-green 
Veil,  and  a  shadowy  cane-brake  shrouding  his  locks  as  a  garland. 
Then  he  thus  seemeil  to  accost  him,  and  soothe  his  distress  in  these  words:       55 
"  C)  thou  born  of  the  |K*crage  of  gods,  who  the  city  of  Troja 
Bringest  us  back  from  the  foemen,  and  Pergamus  keepest  forever. 
Long  by  the  glebe  of  Laurentum,  and  Latian  meadows  expected. 
Here  is  thy  permanent  home — nor  forego  it — thy  |)ermanent  homegods; 
Be  not  alarmed  by  the  menace  of  war:  all  swelling  and  anger  40 

Now  of  the  gods  have  surceased: — 

Soon  shall  be — lest  thou  imagine  a  dream  is  depicting  these  fancies — 
Under  the  marginal  hollies  discovered  reposing  a  huge  sow, 
Having  but  recently  brought  forth  thirty  head  at  a  litter. 

White  on  the  ground  reclining,  and  round  her  udder  her  white  pigs.  45 

That  is  the  site  of  thy  city,  the  permanent  rest  of  thy  labors; 
There,  when  thrice  ten  years  shall  have  passed,  shall  Ascanius  peaceful 
Found  him  a  city  renowed  by  the  notable  title  of  .Alba. 
Chant  I  no  doubtful  events:  now  listen  and  I  will  instruct  thee 
Briefly  how  to  accomplish  successfully  what  is  before  thee.  50 

On  these  shores  the  Arcadians,  sprung  as  an  issue  from  Pallas, 
Those  who  are  monarch  Evander's  attendants — who  followed  his  standards — 
Site  have  selected  of  old,  and  a  city  laid  out  in  the  mountains. 
Named  from  the  name  of  their  forefather  Pallas  of  old  Pallanteiim. 
These  with  the  Latin  nation  are  waging  perpetual  warfare;  55 

These  in  alliance  admit  to  thy  camps  and  unite  them  in  treaties: 
I  will  myself  by  my  banks  and  the  course  of  my  channel  conduct  thee. 
So  as  to  stem  by  thine  oars  upwafted  the  opposite  current. 
Rise  now,  O  goddess-born,  and  as  soon  as  the  stars  are  declining. 
Solemnly  offer  to  Juno  thy  prayers,  and  her  anger  and  threatenings  60 

Conquer  by  suppliant  vows.     To  me  thou  as  victor  shalt  honor 
Render;  for  I  am  the  stream  that  thou  seest  in  plenteous  current 
Sweeping  its  banks  and  dividing  luxuriant  acres  of  tillage, 
Dark-blue  Thybris.  to  heaven  a  most  ilelectable  river: 
Here  there  a  grand  ht)mc,  the  head  of  imperial  cities,  aw.iits  thee."  65 


148  THE    ^NEID. 

So  spake  the  deified  stream,  and  then  buried  himself  in  the  deep  lake, 
Seeking  the  bottom.     Night  with  its  slumber  has  quitted  ^neas: 
Rises  he  viewing  the  Orient's  gleams  of  setherial  sun-light 
Dawning,  and  due  in  his  hollowed  palms  he  the  wave  of  the  current 
Lifts,  and  unfeignedly  pours  forth  to  aether  expressions  of  this  sort:  70 

"  Nymphs,  ye  Laurentian  nymphs,  from  whom  is  the  rise  of  the  rivers. 
Thou,  too,  O  father  Thybris,  do  thou  on  thy  consecrate  current, 
Welcome  ^neas,  and  rid  him  at  last  of  his  hazardous  perils. 
So  in  what  fountain  soever  thy  lake,  in  condoling  our  trials, 

Holds  thee,  and  out  of  what  soil  soever  thou  gracefully  gushest,  75 

E'er  by  my  homage,  and  e'er  by  my  offerings  thou  shalt  be  honored, 
Horn-crowned  River,  the  monarch  supreme  of  Hesperia's  waters; 
Only  be  present  and  nearer  confirm  thy  divinity  to  me." 
So  he  recounts,  and  selects  from  his  squadron  a  couple  of  galleys, 
Rigs  them  with  oars,  and  his  comrades  at  once  he  accoutres  with  armor,  80 

But  of  a  sudden,  behold  !  to  their  eyes  a  remarkable  porlent  ! 
Bright  through  the  forest,  in  color  the  same  as  her  litter  of  white  pigs 
Couched,  lay  a  sow,  and  there  she  is  seen  on  the  emerald  grass-bank; 
Pious  ^neas  to  thee,  yes  to  thee,  great  Juno  devotes  her 
Bringing  oblations  and  stations  her  there  with  her  group  at  the  altar.  85 

All  that  night,  ^s  long  as  it  lasted,  the  Thybris  its  swelling 
Current  abated,  and  refluent  steady,  with  ripple  so  silent 
Stood,  that  it  smooth  in  the  style  of  a  pool,  or  a  quieted  mill-pond, 
Spread  for  its  waters  a  level,  that  effort  in  rowing  be  needless. 
Hence  on  the  journey  attempted  they  speed  with  a  favoring  murmur:  90 

Glides  on  over  the  shallows  the  unctuous  pine,  and  the  ripples 
Wonder,  and  wonders  the  thicket  unwonted  afar  at  the  flashing 
Shields  of  the  men  and  the  gorgeous  keels,  as  they  float  on  the  river. 
Meanwhile  weary  they  out  a  night  and  a  day  in  their  rowing; 
Pass  they  the  channel's  circuitous  bends,  and  are  screened  by  the  divers  95 

Trees,  and  asunder  the  green  woods  cleave  on  the  tranquilired  waters. 

Fiery  the  sun  had  upclimbed  the  meridian  orbit  of  heaven. 
When  they  behold  in  the  distance  the  walls,  and  the  castle,  and  scattered 
Roofs  of  the  houses,  which  Roman  authority  now  has  exalted 
Even  to  heaven,  then  poor  the  estate  that  Evander  was  owning:  100 

Shoreward  they  quickly  are  turning  their  prows  and  are  nearing  the  city. 

On  that  day,  as  it  chanced,  the  Arcadian  king  was  performing 
Annual  rites  to  the  gods,  to  Amphitryon's  mighty  descendent. 
Out  in  a  grove  in  front  of  the  town:  his  son  Pallas  was  with  him, 
With  him  were  all  the  chiefs  of  his  troops,  and  his  indigent  Senate,  105 


BOOK    VIII.  149 

Offering  incense,  and  warm  was  still  rcckinjj  the  jjorc  at  the  altars. 

Suon  as  they  sighted  the  tall-ri^^^^cd  barks  throu};h  the  muUt  of  the  shaded 
(ir»)vc  upjjlulm^'.  and  manners  noiselessly  l>endin;j  in  rowing, 
They  at  the  sudden  ap|Karancc  are  startled,  and  leavinj{  their  tables 
All  in  a  Inxly  upstart,  when  Pallas  uiulaunteil  forbids  them  1 10 

Marring  the  service,  and  hies,  with  his  upsnatched  wcafMin,  to  meet  them, 
And  from  a  mound  at  a  distance:  •*  Soldiers,  what  cause  has  constrained  you 
Jt)urneys  unknown  to  attempt,  and  whither,"  says  he,   "arc  you  going  ? 
What  IS  your  nation,  your  home  ?     Is  it  j^cace  or  arms  that  you  bring  us  '" 

Then  from  his  lofty  stern  thus  discourses  the  father  /Kncas,  1 13 

While  in  his  hand  he  exhibits  a  branch  of  the  peaceable  olive: 
"  Natives  of  Troja  thou  seest,  and  weapons  at  war  with  the  I^ttins, 
I'hose  whom  by  insolent  war  they  have  banished  as  wandering  outcasts. 
Seek  we  Evander,  report  him  this  message  and  tell  him  that  chosen 
Dardan  commanders  have  come  entreating  alliance  in  warfare."  120 

Pallas,  at  mention  of  name  so  distinguished,  was  awed  and  astounded. 
"  Land,  whosoever  thou  art,"  he  exclaims,   *'  and  in  jxirsonal  presence 
S|)eak  to  my  parent,  and  come  ye,  though  straiv.;ers,  as  guests  of  our  home-gods." 
Welcomes  he  him  with  his  h:md,  and  grasping  he  clings  to  his  right  hand: 
Onward  proceeding  they  enter  the  grove  and  abandon  the  river.  i.;5 

Then  m  these  friendly  expressions  .-Eneas  addresses  the  monarch. 
"  Noblest  of  Grecian  descendents,  whom  P'ortune  hath  willed  that  I  humbly 
Sue,  and  before  whom  wave  the  branches  l>edecked  with  a  fillet, 
I  have  not  shrunk  because  thou  Arcadian  and  leader  of  Danai 
Wert,  and  because  from  thy  stock  with  the  twin-lH)rn  Atrules  connected;         13c 
But  It  IS  mine  own  worth,  and  the  tleities'  oracles  holy, 
Yes,  and  our  kindred  fathers,  and  thine  own  fame  through  the  wide  world 
Spread,  that  have  joined  me  to  thee,  and  made  me  by  destiny  willing. 
Dardanus,  father  and  founder  primeval  of  Ilium's  city. 

Sprung,  as  the  Grecians  relate,  from  Electra  the  daughter  of  Atlas,  135 

Over  IS  borne  to  the  Teucrans:     Atlas  engendered  Electra — 
Atlas  the  mighty  who  props  the  xthereal  orbs  on  his  shoulder. 
Your  forefather  is  Mercury,  whom  the  immaculate  Maia 
Brought  into  being,  conceived  on  the  glacial  top  of  Cyllen^; 
But,  if  in  aught  we  accredit  traditions.  Atlas  engendered  140 

Maia,  the  self-same  Atlas,  who  poises  the  planets  of  heaven: 
Thus  the  descent  of  us  l>oth  divergently  branches  from  one  blood. 
Trusting  to  these  I  have  not  by  ambassadors  sued,  nor  by  prior 
Tentative  agencies  plied  thee;  but  I,  even  I  have  presented 
Mine  own  head,  and  have  hither  as  suppliant  come  to  thy  thresholds.  145 


150  THE    ^NEID. 

That  sam3  Daunian  nation,  which  thee  by  a  merciless  warfare 

Persecutes;  if  they  expel  us,  imagine  that  nothing  prevents  them 

Bringing  the  whole  of  Hesperia  under  their  sovereign  dominion; 

Yea,  and  their  holding  the  sea  which  washes  above  and  below  them. 

Take  and  reciprocate  faith:  with  us  there  are  bosoms  m  battle  150 

Brave,  there  are  spirits  and  warriors  proven  by  noble  achievements." 

Spake  had  ^neas:    Evanderthe  mouth  and  the  eyes  of  the  speaker 

Mutely  was  scanning  awhile,  and  with  keen  glance  all  of  his  body; 

Then  he  thus  briefly  responds:     "  I  how  willing,  O  bravest  of  Teucrans, 

Welcome  and  recognize  thee;  I  recall,  how  distmctly,  the  very  155 

Words  and  the  voice  and  the  looks  of  thy  parent,  the  mighty  Anchises; 

For  I  remember  that  Priam,  Laomedon's  son,  in  his  seeking 

Salamis  once  on  a  trip  to  his  sister  Hesione's  kingdoms. 

Afterwards  visited  also,  Arcadia's  glacial  confines. 

Freshly  was  youth  then  vesting  my  cheeks  with  its  early  florescence;  i6c 

I  was  admiring  the  Teucran  commanders,  admiring  the  noble 

Son  of  Laomedon;  but  more  stately  than  all  was  Anchises 

Marching.     In  juvenile  ardor  my  mind  was  aglow  to  accost  the 

Hero,  and  hand  to  unite  with  hand  in  expression  of  friendship: 

Him  I  approached  and  delighted  led  up  to  the  Phenean  ramparts.  165 

He  in  departing  an  elegant  quiver  and  Lycian  arrows 

Gave  me,  and,  mantle  inwoven  with  gold,  and  a  couple  of  bridles 

Mounted  with  gold,  which  Pallas  my  son  has  now  as  an  heir-loom. 

Therefore,  and,  what  you  request,  is  my  right  hand  joined  m  alliance; 

Yea,  and  as  soon  as  to  earth  is  returning  the  light  of  the  morrow,  170 

I  will  dismiss  you  with  aid  and  supply  you  with  ample  resources. 

Meanwhile,  since  ye  have  come  as  our  friends  up  hither,  these  yearly 

Services,  which  it  were  wrong  to  defer,  come  celebrate  gladsome 

With  us,  and  get  you  accustomed  at  once  to  the  board  of  your  allies." 

When  these  words  have  been  spoken,  he  orders  replaced  the  uplifted  175 

Viands  and  cups,  and  the  men  he  arranges  himself  on  a  grass-seat; 
While  he  withal  to  a  sofa  and  skin  of  the  shaggiest  lion 
Welcomes  ^neas,  and  e'en  to  his  throne  of  maple  invites  him. 
Then  in  their  rivalry  choice  young  men  and  the  priest  of  the  altar 
Bring  in  the  roasted  flesh  of  the  bullocks,  and  heap  on  the  baskets  iSo 

Bounties  of  laborate  Ceres,  and  serve  out  potions  to  Bacchus. 
Banquets  .4^jieas,  and  with  him  his  Trojan  warrior-stalwarts 
There  on  a  barbacued  chine  of  beef  and  the  ritual  harslets. 

After  their  hunger  was  cloyed,  and  their  appetite  sated  in  eating, 
Monarch  Evander  remarks:   "  On  us  the^e  solemnities  yearly —  185 


BOOK    VIII.  151 

These  ceremonial  feasts  and  this  altar  of  patron  so  mij^hty — 
No  absurd  sii[XTsiition,  and  none  i^^normj^  our  ancient 
Clods  hath  ini|X).scd;  but  wc  rcscuctl,  my   Trojan  micst,  from  apf)alling 
Perils  observe  them,  and  we  are  renewinj^  the  merited  honors. 
Now  just  glance  at  yon  cliff  overhanj^ing  the  rocks  on  the  hillside;  190 

See  how  the  masses  are  strewn  far  round,  how  deserted  yon  mountain 
Home  there  stands,  and  the  crags  have  dragged  down  marvellous  ruin. 
Formerly  there  was  the  cave,  in  profoundest  seclusion  secreted. 
Which  the  detestable  shaj^e  of  the  half-man  Cacus  was  holding, 
Inaccessible  quite  to  the  sunbeams:  its  floor  was  forever  1  , 

Reeking  with  recent  slaughter  and  proudly  affixed  to  its  d(K)r  (x)sts 
Men's  cadaverous  faces  were  hanging  in  ghastly  corruption. 
Vulcan  was  sire  to  this  monster,  and  his  were  moreover  the  lurid 
Fires  that  belched  from  his  mouth,  as  he  strutted  in  stature  enormous. 
After  awhile  time  brought  us,  so  earnestly  longing  to  jjain  it,  200 

Aid  and  the  advent  indeetl  of  a  god;  for  a  mighty  avenger. 
Proud  of  the  tri-born  Geryon's  slaughter  and  plunder,  .Mcides 
Made  his  np|)earance,  and  hither  as  victor  was  driving  his  jxjrtly 
Bulls,  and  his  cattle  were  grazingly  holding  the  valley  and  river: 
But  the  mind  of  Cacus  was  frenzied  by  furies  that  nothing  205 

Either  of  crime  or  of  craft  be  left  undared  or  attempted. 
Out  of  their  stables  he  stealthily  drove  four  bullocks  of  matchless 
Size,  and  as  numerous  heifers  of  exquisite  symmetry  with  them: 
lUit  that  there  he  no  footprints  made  in  a  forwaril  direction. 

These  dragged  off  to  his  cave  by  the  tail,  and  purloined  with  the  way-marks     210 
'I'hither  reversed,  he  was  hiding  away  in  his  cavernous  rock-den: 
No  indications  were  guiding  a  searcher  the  way  to  his  cavern. 

Meanwhile  when  now  Amphitryon's  son  was  removing  his  full-fed 
Herds  from  the  stables  and  getting  them  ready  to  make  his  departure, 
Lo  I  as  the  cattle  were  leaving,  they  bellowed,  and  all  of  the  w«H>dland  215 

F"illcd  with  their  plaints,  and  the  hills  were  forsaken  with  uproar. 
One  of  the  catt!e  returned  a  response,  and  down  in  the  vast  cave 
Lowed,  and,  though  carefully  guarded,  defeated  the  pur(x>se  of  Cacus. 
Hereat  had  verily  flared  into  fury  the  wrath  of  Alcides, 

Venomed  with  gall.     He  seizes  his  armor  in  hand  and  his  oak-club  220 

Loaded  with  knots,  and  repairs  to  the  airy  heights  n(  the  mountain. 
'Then  for  the  first  did  our  people  sec  Cacus  alarmed  and  l>etraying 
Fear  in  his  eyes;  but  he  instantly  fled  away  swifter  than  Kast-wind, 
Seeking  his  cave,  his  alarm  added  wings  to  his  feet  in  his  panic. 
When  he  has  shut  himself  in,  and  by  wrenching  the  chains  h.id  a  huge  rock     ^25 


152 


THE    ^NEID. 


Dropped  down,  which  from  a  staple  was  there  by  the  art  of  his  father 

Hanging,  and  fast  by  this  barrier  stayed,  hath  blockaded  the  door-pjsts, 

Lo  !  the  Tirynthian  fuming  m  spirits  was  present,  and  searching 

Every  approach,  he  was  hither  and  thither  presenting  his  visage 

Gritting  his  teeth.     Thrice,  boiling  with  anger,  he  narrowly  searches  230 

All  the  Aventine  mountain;  he  thrice  the  granitical  thresholds 

Tries  unavailing,  and  thrice  he  exhausted  retires  to  the  valley. 

There  was  standing  a  sharp  flint  rock,  with  its  ledges  on  all  sides 
Steep,  on  the  back  of  the  cave  uprising  in  loftiest  aspect, 

Forming  a  fitting  resort  for  the  nests  of  detestable  wild-fowls:  235 

This  as  it  prone  from  the  ridge  on  the  left  toward  the  river  was  leaning, 
Pushing  against  it  amain  on  the  right,  he  shook  and  detached  it. 
Torn  from  its  nethermost  roots;  then  all  of  a  sudden  he  heaved  it 
Off,  with  the  crash  of  its  heaval  the  boundless  firmament  thunders; 
Startle  asunder  the  banks,  and  back  flows  the  terrified  river.  .      240 

But  the  enormous  cave  and  detected  palace  of  Cacus 
Glared  into  view,  and  thoroughly  opened  his  shadowy  caverns: 
Just  as  if  earth,  by  some  mighty  upheaval,  should  down  to  its  centre 
Yawning  unbar  the  infernal  abodes,  and  uncover  the  ghastly 
Realms,  detested  of  gods,  and  the  bottomless  pit  were  distinctly  245 

Seen,  and  the  ghosts  by  the  in-let  light  were  in  trepidant  terror. 
Therefore  arrested  in  light  unexpected,  and  shut  of  a  sudden 
Fast  in  his  cavernous  rock,  and  though  never  so  lustily  bawling, 
Down  from  above  with  his  weapons  Alcides  assails  him,  and  armor 
Summons  of  all  sorts,  and  pelts  him  with  billets  and  ponderous  mill-stone?      250 
He,  however,  for  now  there  was  no  escape  from  his  peril, 
Out  of  his  jaws  a  prodigious  smoke — a  marvel  to  utter  ! 
Belches  and  shrouds  with  its  volume  his  haunt  in  bewildering  blackness, 
Robbing  the  eyes  of  a  prospect,  and  down  in  his  cavern  amasses 
Densely  fumiferous  night,  and  fire  immingled  with  darkness.  255 

Wrathful  Alcides  endured  it  not,  and  he  right  through  the  hot  fire 
Headlong  plunged  at  a  bound,  where  the  smoke  is  its  billows  the  thickest 
Driving,  and  dismal  the  monstrous  cave  is  surging  with  vapor. 
Here  in  the  darkness  he  Cacus,  his  fires  unavailingly  belching, 
Grapples,  and  grasped  in  a  knot-like  grip  he  throttles  him,  holding  260 

On  till  his  eye-balls  start,  and  his  throat  is  drained  of  its  life-blood. 

Forthwith  wide  is  thrown  open  the  dismal  den,  with  its  door-ways 
Wrenched,  and  the  stolen  cattle  and  forsworn  plunder  are  straightway 
Shown  to  the  sky,  and  forth  by  the  feet  is  the  hideous  carcass 
Dragged:  Our  hearts  are  unable  indeed  to  be  sated  with  gazing  265 


BOOK  vin.  15,^ 

N»)W  on  the  tcrriMc  cyc«,  nnd  iho  visnj^r,  and  breasts  of  the  half-l)«a8t 

Shajj^y  with  l)ristles,  and  fires  in  his  jaws  now  extinmiishnl  forever. 

Iloniaj^e  from  that  tinie  on  has  been  jviid,  and  in  joy  have  tlescendtnls 

Kept  up  the  day,  and  Totilius,  who  was  its  primitive  foimder, 

Thouj^h  the  I'inarian  honse  is  the  warden  of  Hercules'  worship,  270 

Stationed  this  altar  here  in  the  Ki^^ve,  which  is  always  rcj^arded 

Greatest  by  us,  and  always  shall  be  thus  regarded  the  Rreatcst. 

Wherefore,  O  warriors,  come,  in  discharj^c  of  su<  h  laudable  scr\'icc, 

Circle  your  locks  with  a  jjarland  and  jjoblets  extend  in  your  rij;ht  hands, 

Call  on  the  common  jjod,  and  the  wines  rij^ht  cheerily  offer."  275 

So  spake  he,  while  with  Herculean  shadow  a  bicolored  poplar 

Mantled  his  locks,  and  inwoven  '.vith  leaves  in  its  drapery  jxrndent 

Hun^,  and  a  consecrate  chalice  his  right  hand  filled.     They  at  once  all 

Pour  out  libations  elate  on  the  table,  and  deities  worship. 

Meanwhile  the  eveninjj  star  draws  nearer  the  slopx;  of  Olympus:  280 

Now,  too,  were  priests  and  foremost  among  them  Potitius  marching. 
Vestured  in  skins,  in  accordance  with  custom,  and  carrying  torch-li;^hts. 
Spread  they  the  bantpiets  anew,  and  provide  for  the  secontl-set  tables 
Savory  presents,  and  cumber  with  well-filled  salvers  the  altars. 
Then  are  in  waiting  the  Salians,  round  the  high  altars  of  incense,  285 

Ready  for  chanting,  with  temples  encircled  with  garlands  of  poplar: 
This  IS  the  chorus  of  young  men,  that  of  the  old  who  in  song  are 
Caroling  Hercules'  fame  and  achievements — how  he  aforetime 
Strangled  by  hand  his  step-mother's  monsters  by  choking  the  twin-born 
Serpents,  and  how  he  in  warfare  o'erthrew  the  illustrious  cities,  290 

Troja  the  great  and  (Echalia;  how  he  a  thousand  oppressive 
Tasks,  'neaththe  monarch  Eurystheus  and  fates  of  iniquitous  Juno, 
Suffered:  "  Invincible  champion,  thou  by  thy  prowess  the  cloud-l>orn 
Mongrels,  the  Centaurs,  HyL-cUs  and  Pholus  didst  slay,  and  the  Cretan 
Wonders,  and,  under  the  cliff  of  Nem.-ea,  the  mar\'eIlous  lion.  295 

Treml)Ied  before  thee  the  Styjjian  lakes,  and  the  warden  of  Orcus, 
Crouching  at  ease  o'er  his  half-gnawed  bones  in  his  sanious  cavern: 
Thee  no  sha|X'S  could  appall,  not  even  the  giant   TyphteQs, 
Waving  his  armor  aloft:  nor  as  one  bereft  of  his  reason. 

Did  with  its  cluster  of  heads  the  Lerna;an  hydra  surround  thee.  300 

Hail  thou  undoubted  descendent  of  Jove,  and  to  gods  an  appended 
(ilory  !  With  stateliest  steppings  l)oth  us  and  thy  scR'ices  honor  I  " 
Such  are  the  s(jngs  that  they  chant  in  his  praise,  and  the  cavern  of  Cacus 
Adil  alK)ve  all,  and  even  his  breathing  out  flames  of  defiance: 
Kings  with  the  racket  each  grove,  and  the  hillocks  reverberant  echo.  305 


T54  THE    ^NEID. 

Then  do  they  all,  when  the  hallowed  solemnities  duly  were  ended, 
Back  to  the  city  betake  them:  the  king  was,  though  cumbered  with  old  age, 
Marching  and,  having  his  son  and  ^neas  beside  him  as  escort, 
Walking  along  and  relieving  the  journey  by  various -converse. 
Wonders  ^neas,  as  lightly  he  glances  his  eyes  over  all  things  310 

Round,  and  is  charmed  with  the  places  he  sees,  and  inquires  and  delighted 
Listens  to  every  minute  reminiscence  of  primitive  heroes. 
Then  said  the  monarch  Evander,  the  Roman  citidel's  founder: 
"  Once  these  groves  were  the  Fauns  and  Nymphs  indigenous  holding. 
Yea,  and  a  class  of  men  that  had  sprung  from  trunks  and  the  stubborn  315 

Oak,  who  had  neither  refinement,  nor  culture,  and  knew  not  to  yoke  up 
Oxen,  nor  garner  their  stores,  nor  to  save  the  provisions  of  nature, 
But  they  subsisted  on  browse,  and  the  meagre  resources  of  hunting. 
First  came  Saturn  down  from  aetherial  realms  of  Olympus, 

Fleeing  from  Jupiter's  armor,  an  exile  deprived  of  his  kingdoms.  320. 

He  hath  the  race,  unsubdued  and  dispersed  on  the  loftiest  mountains. 
Settled  and  furnished  with  laws,  and  he  wished  that  the  land  be  entitled 
Latium,  since  he  in  latency  safe  in  these  borders  had  tarried. 
Under  that  sovereign  existed  what  they  extol  as  the  golden 

Ages.     He  thus  was  in  peaceful  tranquillity  ruling  the  peoples,  325 

Till  a  depraved  and  degenerate  era  by  little  and  little 
Dawned,  and  a  frenzy  for  battle  and  lust  for  possessing  succeeded. 
Then  came  in  the  Ausonian  hordes,  and  Sicanian  nations. 
Aye,  and  full  oft  the  Saturnian  land  its  name  hath  discarded: 
Monarchs  then  rose,  and,  in  stature  colossal,  redoubtable  Thybris,  330 

From  whose  name  the  Italians  since  have  oui"  river  the  Thybris 
Termed,  and  so  primitive  Albula  lost  its  appropriate  title. 
Me,  from  my  country  expelled,  and  pursuing  the  bounds  of  the  ocean, 
Hath  an  omnipotent  Fortune  and  unevadable  Fate  here 

Placed  in  these  realms,  and  have  driven  me  hither  my  mother's  tremendous    335 
Warnings,  the  nymph  Carmentis,  and  deity  patron  Apollo." 

Scarce  were  these  uttered  when  stepping  on  thence  he  shows  him  the  very 
Altar,  and  gate  which  the  Romans  continue  to  call  the  Carmental — 
Honor  accorded  of  old  to  the  nymph  Carmentis,  the  fate-versed 
Prophetess,  who  was  the  earliest  seeress  who  sang  that  ^neans  340 

Would  in  the  future  be  mighty  and  notable  be  Pallanteiim. 
Thence,  too,  he  shows  him  the  grove  extensive  which  Romulus  gallant 
Set  as  asylum  apart,  and  the  Lupercal  under  the  chilling 
Cliff,  so  called  in  Parrhasian  style  as  the  shrine  of  Lycaean 
Pan,  and  he  shows  him,  «loreover,  the  thicket  of  shrined  Argiletum,  345 


BOOK    VIII.  155 

Vouches  the  spot,  and  rehearses  the  death  of  his  visitor  Ar;nis. 

'Ihence  he  towards  the  Tarix'ian  retreat,  and  the  C!a(»tol  lea«l»  him, 

Now  all  j;>!dcd,  but  once  it  was  bristling  with  wiltlernesH-l)rnmblcs. 

Just  then  the  terrible  awe  of  the  pla<:c  was  affri;jhtinj^  the  timid 

Peasantry:  just  then  were  they  at  the  rock  and  the  wilderness  quailin;;.  350 

**  Here  in  this  grove,"  he  remarked,  "on  the  folia^etl  lop  of  this  hillock 

Haunted  a  god — what  gcnl  is  uncertain:  Arcadians  lancy 

They  have  behelil  even  Jupiter,  when  he  was  fierce. in  his  right  hand 

Shaking  his  ebony  xgis,  and  mustering  clouds  for  a  tempest. 

Yonder,  thou  further  beholdest  two  fortified  towns  with  their  bulwarks  355 

Scattered  in  ruins,  the  relicpies  and  remnants  of  veteran  heroes. 

Janus  our  father  hath  this,  and  Saturn  hath  founded  that  castle; 

This  had  the  name  of  Janiculum,  that  was  Saturnia  titled." 

Mid  such  mutual  words  they  were  nearing  the  humble  Kvander's 
Dwellings,  and,  everywhere  round  were  behokling  the  herds  of  his  cattle  360 

Lowing,  in  what  is  the  Roman  forum  and  gaudy  Carinx'. 
Then  as  they  reached  the  abodes:  "This  threshold,"  said  he,  •  tiic  heroic 
Victor  Alcides  entered;  this  palace  it  was  that  received  him. 
Venture,  my  guest,  the  despisal  of  riches,  and  deign  to  deport  thee 
Worthy  a  god,  and  come  not  in  scorn  of  our  lowly  condition."  365. 

Spake  he,  and  under  the  roof  of  his  narrow  abode  he  conducted 
Noble  .^tineas,  and  gave  him  a  place  on  a  cushion  of  dried  leaves, 
Rudely  supported  and  spread  with  the  skin  of  a  Libyan  she-bear. 

Nii^ht  swoops  down,  and  embraces  the  world  with  its  shadowy  pinions: 
Meanwhile  Venus  his  mother,  not  causelessly  worried  in  spirit,  370 

.Moved  by  the  threats  of  Laurentians,  and  by  the  ominous  tumult. 
Whispers  to  Vulcan,  and  thus  on  the  golden  couch  of  her  husband 
Broaches  the  subject,  and  breathes  in  her  words  a  celestial  affection: 
"Whilst  the  Argolical  monarchs  were  Pergamus  wasting  in  warfare. 
And  by  the  enemy's  fires  were  her  citidels  ready  to  crumble,  375 

I  no  assistance  besought  for  the  wretched  endiirers,  nor  armor 
Wrought  by  thine  art  and  device,  nor  did  I,  my  affectionate  husbcnd, 
Neetllessly  wish  to  impose  retjuisition  on  thee  and  thy  labors. 
Though  I  was  grfeatly  indebted  indeed  to  the  chiUlren  of  Priam; 
Yea,  and  have  frequently  wept  o'er  the  arduous  toil  of  *+Ineas  :  380 

Now  he  by  Jupiter's  orders  has  moored  on  Rutulians'  borders; 
Therefore  a  suppliant  mother  I  come  and  Iwseech  of  thy  holy 
Sovereignty  arms  (or  my  offspring.     Thee  could  Nereus*  daughter, 
'I'hee  could  the  spouse  of  Tithonus  affect  by  her  tears  and  entreaties. 
Look  at  what  hordes  are  collecting  together,  whaf^r.tiis,  with  closc-l'arr>-  I       3S5 


156  THE    .€NEID. 

Portals,  are  whetting  the  sabre  on  me  and  the  fall  of  my  kindred  !  " 

Thus  had  she  spoke,  and  the  goddess  with  snow-white  arms  her  reluctant 

Consort  caresses  in  tender  embrace.     He  has  thence  of  a  sudden 

Caught  the  accustomed  flame,  and  the  well-known  glow  has  his  marrow 

Entered  and  run  through  his  softly  susceptible  bones  in  an  instant  ;  390 

Just  as  at  times  when  a  glittering  fiery  rift,  by  a  flashing 

Thunderbolt  riven,  shoots  with  a  dazzling  gleam  through  the  storm  clouds. 

Pleased  with  her  ruses,  and  conscious  of  beauty  his  spouse  has  perceived  it;  * 

Then  in  eternal  attachment  enchanted,  the  father  bespeaks  her  : 

"  Why  art  thou  seeking  so  deeply  for  reasons  ?     And  where  has,  my  goddess,395 

Gone  thy  reliance  on  me  ?     If  a  similar  care  had  existed. 

Then  had  existed  our  right,  too,  to  furnished  with  armor  the  Teucrans; 

Not  the  omnipotent  father,  nor  fates  were  forbidding  that  Troja 

Stand,  and  that  Priam  survive  for  e'en  ten  years  longer,  if  need  be  : 

Yea,  and  if  now  thou  art  ready  for  warring,  and  this  be  thy  purpose,  400 

What  in  my  art  I  can  possibly  promise  of  care  in  production, 

AVhat  can  be  possibly  wrought  out  of  iron  or  molten  amalgum. 

All  that  the  fires  or  the  blasts  can  accomplish — only  by  pleading 

Cease  to  distrust  thine  abilities."     Such  words  spake  he  and  fondly 

Gave  the  embraces  he  wanted,  and,  lapsed  in  the  lap  of  his  consort,  405 

Courted  anon  through  his  limbs  the  repose  of  a  quieted  slumber. 

Then  when  the  first  sound  rest  in  the  midmost  stage  of  the  far  spent 
Night  had  already  excluded  a  sleep,  when  the  diligent  housewife — 
One  who  is  forced  to  support  her  life  by  the  distaff  and  slender 
Fare  of  Minerva — reopens  the  ashes  and  smouldering  embers,  410 

Adding  the  night  to  the  service  and  making  her  maidens  by  lamplight 
Toil  at  their  task,  that  she  pure  may  preserve  the  bed  of  her  husband 
Chaste,  and  be  able  to  bring  up  her  still  small  children  with  credit — 
Just  like  her,  nor  at  that  time  idler  ignipotent  Vulcan 
Springs  from  his  downy  couch  to  his  craft's  imperious  duties.  415 

Close  by  Sicania's  side  and  ^^olian  Lipara  lying 
Looms,  with  its  smoking  crags  in  the  billows,  a  towering  island. 
Under  which  nestles  a  cave,  and,  scooped  by  the  forge  of  the  Cyclops, 
Thunder  the  ^^tnean  craters,  and  ponderous  blows  on  the  anvils 
Heard  are  returning  the  moan,  and  deep  in  the  caverns  are  hissing  420 

Bars  of  Chalybian  steel,  and  the  fire  in  the  furnaces  wheezes — 
Vulcan's  abode,  and  the  land  is  entiled  the  island  of  Vulcan. 
Thither  descends  the  Ignipotent  then  from  the  summit  of  heaven  : 
Brisk  in  their  fathomless  cavern  the  Cyclops  were  forging  the  iron, 
Brontes  and  Steropes  there,  and  with  limbs  stark  naked  Pyracmon.  425 


BOOK    VIII.  157 

Still  in  their  hnnds  was  a  half- formed  thundtrlwjlt  partly  already 
Polished — and  many  a  one  docs  the  sire  from  the  circuit  of  heaven 
Hurl  to  the  earth — and  a  ix)rtion  was  still  remaining  im|)crfect. 
Three  shafts  writhen  of  hail,  and  three  of  a  watery  rain-cloud, 
1  hree  they  had  added  of  j{litterinj{  fire  and  the  piniony  South-wind.  430 

Now  they  were  mingling  flashes  terrific  and  uproar  and  horror 
NVild  in  their  work,  and  vengeance  as  swift  as  the  speed  of  the  lightning. 
Elsewhere  busy  were  they  on  a  chariot  of  .Mars  and  its  wheel-work 
Winged,  on  which  he  the  heroes,  on  which  he  their  cities  arouses  : 
Kagerly  were  they  the  horrible  a;gis,  and  armor  of  wrathful  435 

I'allas  embossing  with  scales  of  ser|x;nts  in  gold,  and  a  knotted 
Necklace  of  snakes,  and  the  Gorgon's  self,  on  the  breast  of  the  goddess. 
Writhing  its  glaring  eye-balls  still  though  its  neck  was  dissevered. 
'*  Banish  all  these,"  he  exclaims,  •*  and  away  with  the  work  ye  arc  doing. 
-•Elnean  Cyclops,  and  hither  direct  your  exclusive  attention  :  440 

Arms  must  be  wrought  for  a  chivalrous  chief.     Now  is  need  of  your  vigor, 
Now  of  your  rapidest  hands,  and  now  of  each  art  of  the  master: 
Down  with  delay  !  "     He  uttered  no  more,  but  they  all  at  his  bidding 
Quickly  have  sprang  to  their  tasks,  and  allotted  the  labor  among  them 
Kqually.     Flows  forth  copper,  and  metal  of  gold  as  in  rivers,  445 

Whilst  the  vulnific  steel  melts  down  in  the  fathomless  furnace. 
Massive  they  model  the  shield,  and  sufficient  alone  for  resisting 
All  the  darts  of  the  Latins,  and  fashion  it  circle  on  circle 
Seven-fold  :  some  at  the  windy  bellows,  alternately  pumping, 
Catch  and  expel  the  blasts,  while  others  the  sputtering  copper  450 

Plunge  in  the  trough  :  the  cavern  is  groaning  with  lumbering  anvils. 
Each  uplifts  his  arms  by  turns  with  vigorous  effort. 
Keeping  the  time  as  they  turn  o'er  the  mass  with  their  grappling  pincers 

While  thus  bustles  the  Lemnian  sire  in  vEolian  confines. 
Up  from  his  humble  abode  are  the  genial  light,  and  the  morning  455 

Twitter  of  swallows  under  his  gable  arousing  Evander. 
Quickly  the  old  man  rises,  and  robing  his  limbs  with  his  tunic, 
limds  round  firm  to  the  soles  of  his  feet  his  Tyrrhenian  sandals; 
Then  to  his  side  and  his  shoulder  he  buckles  the  sword  of  Tega:.i, 
Tossing  aback  o'er  his  left,  as  it  dangled,  the  hide  of  a  panther ;  460 

Yes,  and  withal  a  couple  of  vigilant  hounds  from  the  lofty 
Threshold  scamper  before  him,  and  wait  on  the  steps  of  their  master. 
Forth  to  the  seat  and  retreat  of  ..-Eneas  his  guest  was  the  hero. 
Mindful  the  while  of  their  chat,  and  his  proffer  of  services,  wending. 
Not  less  early  than  he  in  the  morning  .-Eneas  was  stirring  ;  465 


1.58  THE    iENEID. 

Pallas,  his  son  was  the  one,  Achates  attending  the  other. 
Meeting,  they  join  right  hands,  and  together  sit  down  in  the  central 
Halls  of  the  house,  and  at  length  are  enjoying  a  privileged  converse. 
Foremost  the  king  thus  speaks  : — 

"  Mightiest  chief  of  the  Teucrans,  with  whom  as  survivor  I  surely  47a 

Never  will  own  that  the  state  and  the  kingdoms  of  Troja  are  vanquished, 
Though  as  asistance  in  war,  in  defense  of  a  name  so  ennobled, 
Scant  is  our  strength — we  are  hemmed  by  the  Tuscan  river  on  this  side, 
That  the  Rutulian  presses,  and  round  our  walls  with  his  armor 
Dins — yet  I  mean  to  unite  thee  with  powerful  tribes  and  encampments,  475 

Teeming  with  Kingdoms.     This  safety  an  opportune  incident  haply 
Shows  thee,  and  hither  undoubting  advance  to  the  fates  as  they  beckon. 
Not  far  hence  is  located  the  site  of  the  city  Agylla, 
Founded  on  primitive  rock,  where  the  Lydian  nation  aforetime, 
Famous  in  battle,  has  settled  the  hills  once  known  as  Etruscan.  48c 

This,  though  flourishing  many  a  year  did  the  monarch  Mezentius 
Grasp  at  length  in  imperial  sway,  and  by  merciless  armor — 
Why  should  I  tell  of  unspeakable  butcheries  ?  why  of  the  tyrant's 
Infamous  deeds  f     May  the  gods  requite  them  on  him  and  his  kmdred  ! 
Nay  he  was  even  accustomed  to  fasten  the  dead  to  the  living,  485 

Binding  them  hands  to  hands,  and  faces  to  faces  together  ! 
Species  of  torture  !     And  so,  all  dripping  with  gore  and  corruption, 
Linked  in  their  wretched  embrace,  by  a  lingering  death  he  would  kill  them  : 
But  his  subjects  at  last,  worn  out  by  his  cruelties,  arming 

Rise,  and  surround,  though  ineffably  raving,  both  him  and  his  household,        490 
Slay  his  attendants  and  flmg  on  the  roofs  of  his  palace  the  fire-brands. 
He  mid  the  slaughter  escaping,  away  to  Rutulian  plow-lands 
Fled,  and  is  there  defended  by  armor  of  Turnus,  his  ally. 
Therefore  Etruria  all  hath  arisen  in  righteous  resentments  ; 

Waiting  on  Mars,  they  demand  that  their  kmg  be  surrendered  to  justice.  495 

Over  these  thousands,   ^Eneas,  I  mean  to  install  thee  as  leader. 
For  all  along  on  the  sea-board  clamor  the  hovermg  war-ships, 
Biddmg  the  standards  on  ;  but  the  aged  diviner  restrains  them, 
Chantmg  the  fates  :  '  O  Moeonia's  stalwart  warriors  matchless. 
Flower  and  valor  of  veteran  heroes,  whom  righteous  abhorrence  500 

Hurls  on  the  foe,  and  Mezentius  kindles  to  merited  vengeance, 
Not  an  Italian  has  warrant  to  marshal  so  mighty  a  nation, 
Choose  ye  out  foreign  commanders.'      Then  there  are  the  ranks  of  Etrnsca, 
Camping  on  yonder  plain,  overawed  by  the  deities'  warnings. 
Tarchon  himself  hath  commissioned  ambassadors,  tendering  to  me  505 


BOOK    VIII.  159 

Even  the  crown  of  his  realm,  and  his  sceptre  and  tiail^jcs  of  oflR'". 

Htils  nic  rcfxiir  lo  his  camp,  and  assume  the  Tyrrhenian  kingd<  : 

But  old-ajjc,  grown  siug){ish  by  cold,  and  enfecblctl  by  lapsing 

Years,  and  my  vigor  l<x>  late  lor  adventures,  begrudge  me  the  empire. 

I  would  cncour.igc  my  son,  were  he  not  by  his  mother  a  Sabine  510 

Mixed,  and  so  heiring  a  part  of  the  country  ;  l)ut  thou  on  whose  favored 

Years  and  ilcsccnt  the  fates  are  indulgenr,  whom  auj^uries  summon. 

On  in  thy  march,  most  valiant  chief  of  Italians  and   I'eucrans  ! 

I  unto  thee  will,  moreover,  this  Pallas,  our  hojx.'  and  our  solace. 

Join  as  attendant,  and  let  him  the  drill,  under  thee  as  his  teacher,  515 

rraclice  of  war,  and  to  .Mars*  hard  drudgery  learn  to  inure  him, 

I.earn  from  his  earliest  years  to  behold  thy  exploits  and  admire  thee. 

llim  will  I  furnish  two  hundred  .\rcadian  horsemen,  the  choicest 

Pick  of  my  army,  and  Pallas  will  furnish  as  many  in  his  name." 

Scarce  had  he  sjjoken  these  words,  while  downcast  holding  their  features     5^0 
Fixed  were  ^-Kneas  the  son  of  .Anchises,  and  faithful  /Vchates; 
Yea,  in  their  own  sad  hearts  they  were  thinking  of  many  a  hardship, 
Had  not  from  open  heaven  Cytherea  have  given  the  signal  : 
For  unexpected  from  aether  a  dazzling  flash,  as  of  lightning, 
Came  with  a  rumble,  and  suddenly  all  things  seemed  to  be  rushing  ;  525 

Seemed  the  Tyrrhenian  blare  of  a  trumjK't  t(}  bellow  through  aether. 
Upward  they  glance  :  again  and  again  there  re-echoes  a  loud  crash. 
Arms  in  the  midst  of  a  haze,  in  a  region  serene  of  the  heavens. 
They  throuijh  a  rift  see  glitter  and  hear  them  reverberant  thunder. 
Others  were  stunned  in  their  souls  ;  but  the  hero  of  Troja  the  echo  530 

Knew,  and  remembered  the  pledge  of  his  mother,  the  goddess. 
Then  he  rehearses  :     '*  Nay,  do  not,  my  host  ;  O  do  not  minutely 
Question  what  issues  these  prodigies  bode  :     I  am  sought  by  Olympus  ! 
For  my  creatress  divine  has  foretold  she  would  send  me  this  signal 
Should  there  be  l)rewing  a  war,  and  Vulcanian  arms  on  the  breezes  535 

Waft  for  asistance  : — 

Ah  !  what  slaughters  await  the  unhappy  I-aurentes  !  .And,  Turnus, 
What  an  amend  shall  thou  pay  me  ?     .And,  father  Thybris,  how  many 
liucklers  and  helmets  and  stalwart  bodies  of  heroes  shalt  thou  roll 
Under  thy  billows  !     Then  let  them  to  arms  and  alliances  rupture  !  "  540 

When  he  hath  uttered  these  words  he  raises  himself  from  his  lofty 
'I'hrone,  and  at  once  rekindles  on  Hercules'  altars  the  smoldered 
Embers  ;  then  yesterday's  guardian  I^ar,  and  the  little  Penates 
Ciladly  approaches.     Evander  as  promptly,  as  promptly  the  Trojan 
Warriors  sacrifice  victims  selected  according  to  custom.  545 


l6o  THE    /ENEID. 

Afterwards  wends  he  away  to  the  ships,  aiTd  revisits  his  comrades  ; 

From  whose  number  he  chooses,  to  follow  him  into  the  battles, 

Those  who  in  valor  excel  ;  the  remainder  are  borne  on  the  ebbing 

Water,  and  downward  sluggishly  float  on  the  favoring  river, 

News  of  his  father's  successes  and  plans  to  Ascanius  bearing.  55c 

Horses  are  furnished  for  Teucrans  in  seeking  Tyrrhenian  meadows  : 

Forth  for  ^neas  they  lead  an  exceptional  one,  which  the  tawny 

Skin  of  a  lion,  with  gilt  claws  gleaming,  completely  envelops. 

Suddenly  flits  through  the  little  metropolis  bruited  the  rumor, 
Cavalry  soon  are  to  go  to  the  shores  of  Tyrrhenia's  monarch  :  5^5 

Mothers  in  terror  redouble  their  vows,  and  nearer  to  danger 
Comes  the  alarm,  and  now  grander  is  looming  the  shape  of  the  war-god. 
Then  does  the  father  Evander,  clasping  his  hand  as  he  leaves  him. 
Cling  to  his  son  in  unsatisfied  weeping,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  him  : 
"O  if  Jupiter  would  but  restore  me  the  years  that  are  vanished,  560 

Such  as  I  was  when,  under  Praeneste,  I  routed  the  foremost 
Line  of  the  battle,  and  conquering,  burned  whole  heaps  of  their  bucklers, 
And  unto  Tartarus  sent  king  Herilus  down  with  this  right  hand  ! 
Herilus,  whom  at  his  birth  his  mother  Feronia  three  lives — 

Horrid  to  utter —  had  given,  three  changes  of  wieldable  armor  :  565 

Thrice  must  he  needs  be  stricken  in  death,  and  yet  thrice  did  this  right  hand 
Rob  him  of  every  life,  and  despoil  him  as  oft  of  his  armor  : 
No,  my  son,  I  would  now  from  thy  loving  embraces  be  nowhere 
Separate,  nor  to  his  neighbor  should  haughty  Mezentius  ever. 
Grossly  insulting  this  head,  have  so  many  and  merciless  murders  570 

Done  with  his  sword,  nor  my  city  have  reft  of  so  many  a  dweller. 
But  you,  O  ye  supernals,  and  deities,  mightiest  sovereign, 
Jupiter  also,  I  pray  you,  pity  Arcadia's  monarch  ; 
Hear  ye  a  father's  prayers  !  and  if  your  divinities  shield  him 
Safely  from  danger,  if  fate  but  reserve  me  my  Pallas  uninjured;  575 

If  I  but  live  to  behold  him,  and  come  once  more  to  embrace  him, 
Life  I  implore  :  I  am  willing  to  go  through  any  endurance; 
But  if,  O  Fortune,  thou  threatenest  any  unspeakable  evil, 
Now,  O  now  be  it  mine  a  disconsolate  life  to  surrender. 

While  apprehensions  are  vague,  while  uncertain  the  hope  of  the  future,  580 

Whilst  I  have  thee,  dear  boy,  as  my  last  and  my  only  endearment, 
Fast  in  a  loving  embrace,  O  let  there  no  heavier  tidings 
Wound  mine  ears  !"     These  words  was  his  sire  at  the  final  departure 
Venting:  his  servants  were  bearing  him  faintmg  away  to  his  mansions. 

Now  upon  this  had  emerged  from  the  wide-open  portals  the  mounted        585 


BOOK    VIII.  l6l 

Cnvalr>';  ri^ht  in  the  van  were  /Kneas  ami  faithful  Achates; 
After  them  uthcr  ofticials  of  'Iroja:  anmJ  the  array  rode 
I'alias  himself,  su|H-rl>  in  his  mantle  and  hlaxoncd  equipments: 
Just  as  when  bathed  in  the  ocean's  wave  hath  the  star  of  the  morning — 
Star  which  above  all  stars  is  the  favorite  j)lanel  of  Venus —  590 

Lifted  its  sacred  visage,  and  melted  the  darkness  from  heaven. 
Mothers  solicitous  stand  on  the  walls,  and  with  lingering  glances 
Follow  the  pillar  of  dust,  and  the  regiments  gleaming  in  cop|)er.  [way», 

I  hey  through  the  brambles  in  arms,  through  the  nearest  approach  to  the  high- 
Onward  are  tenjling:  there  issues  a  shout,  and  the  column  completed,  575 
Moof  with  a  quadru{x:d  clattering  quivers  the  mouldering  common. 

Hard  by  the  gelid  river  of  Ccere  there  stands  an  immense  grove, 
Sacred  afar  by  religious  respect  of  the  fathers:  on  all  sides 
Circling  hills  have  enclosed  it,  and  skirts  it  a  forest  of  black  pine. 
Rumor  reiX)rts  that  the  ancient  Pelasgi  the  grove,  and  a  feast-day,  600 

Sacred  assigned  to  Silvanus  as  god  of  their  pa.stures  and  cattle. 
Who  were  original  owners  of  old  of  the  Latian  confines. 
Not  far  off  from  the  sjxjt  were  the  Tuscans  and  Tarchon  encamping, 
Strongly  entrenched,  and  the  whole  of  their  legion  was  now  from  the  rising 
Hilltop  visible,  stretching  away  on  the  limitless  meadows.  605 

Thither  the  father  .-Eneas  and  chosen  for  battle  his  stalwarts 
Cautiously  climb,  and  though  weary,  attend  to  their  horses  and  iKxJies. 

But  on  cethereal  storm-clouds  Venus,  the  beauteous  goddess. 
Bearing  her  gifts,  had  apixiared,  and,  as  soon  as  she  sighted  her  offspring, 
Far  in  a  valley  sequestered  apart  on  the  banks  of  the  gelid  6io 

Stream,  she  accosted  him  thus,  and  presented  herself  for  the  purjjose: 
*•  I.o  !  the  bestowments  I  promised,  designed  by  the  art  of  my  husl)and, 
F'inished;  nor  scruple,  my  son,  in  the  future,  to  challenge  to  combats 
Hither  the  haughty  Laurentes,  or  spirited  champion  Turnus." 
Spake  Cythereii,  and  courted  the  grateful  embrace  of  her  offspring,  615 

.\s  she  the  radiant  armor  set  down  'neath  an  opjwsite  oak-tree. 
He,  with  the  gifts  of  the  goddess  and  honor  so  signal  delighted. 
Cannot  be  sated,  and,  rolling  his  eyes  o'er  each  article  singly, 
Wonders,  whife  oft  on  his  hands  and  his  arms  he  poises  the  helmet. 
Richly  adorned  with  its  terrible  plumage,  and  seeming  to  vomit  620 

Flames,  and  the  fate-fraught  sabre,  and  corselet  inwoven  with  copper, 
Blood-red,  massive;  as  when  by  the  sunlieams  gilded,  a  lurid 
Rain-cloud  kindles  in  glow,  and  reflects  from  afar  an  effulgence. 
So,  too,  the  polished  greaves  of  the  finest  of  gold  and  amalgam 
Wrought,  and  the  spear,  and  the  marvellous  shield  of  inetlable  fabric.  625 


1 62  THE    ^NEID. 

There  the  Italian  affairs,  and  the  triumphs  in  store  for  the  Romans, 
Not  uninformed  of  the  fates,  nor  unskilled  in  the  coming  hereafter, 
Had  the  Ignipotent  modeled ;  and  there  had  each  branch  of  the  future 
Line  of  Ascanius  wrought,  and  the  wars  to  be  waged  in  their  order; 
Modeled  the  fostering  wolf,  in  the  moss-grown  grotto  of  Mavors,  630 

Couched  in  recumbent  repose;  and  around  her  udders  the  twin-boys 
Playfully  hanging,  while  she  as  their  mother  lay  licking  the  fearless 
Infants,  and  bending  her  tapering  neck  in  alternately  stroking 
Each  in  his  turn,  and  with  tongue  thus  tenderly  shaping  their  bodies. 
Not  far  away  thence  Rome  and  the  Sabine  maidens'  unseemly      •  635 

Rape  in  the  crowd,  while  the  grand  Circenian  circus  was  being 
Held,  he  had  added,  and,  suddenly  rising,  the  singular  warfare, 
Romulus'  party  with  Tatius  old  and  his  merciless  Cures. 
Afterwards  these  same  kings,  when  the  struggle  between  them  was  over. 
Armed  were  standing  in  front  of  the  altar  of  Jupiter,  holding  640 

Goblets,  and,  over  a  slaughtered  sow  were  concerting  alliance. 
Not  far  thence  had  his  four-horsed  chariots,  swiftly  careering, 
Quartered  asunder  Mettus — but  thou  thy  pledges,  O  Alban, 

Shouldest  have  kept  !  and  Tullus  was  dragging  the  corse  of  the  faithless    [drops. 
Man  through  the  woods,  and  the  brambles  were  dripping  with   spattering  blood- 
There  was  Porsena,  moreover,  bidding  them  welcome  back  the  discarded  645 
Tarquin,  and  pressing  the  city  with  grievously  stringent  investment, 
Whilst  the  ^neans  were  rushing  to  arms  for  the  citizens'  rescue. 
Him  thou  canst  see  like  a  person  indignant,  like  one  in  a  threatening 
Posture,  because  brave  Codes  was  daring  to  tear  up  the  bridging,  650 
Yea,  and  e'en  Cloelia  was  swimming,  with  fetters  dissevered,  the  river. 
Manlius,  high  on  the  heights,  was  as  guard  of  the  fort  of  Tarpeia 
Standing  in  front  of  the  temple,  and  lofty  Capitols  holding. 
Freshly  was  bristling  the  palace  with  Rom.ulus'  primitive  thatching. 
Here,  moreover,  a  silvery  goose,  in  the  golden  verandas                                       655 
Flitting,  was  giving  alarm  that  the  Gauls  were  approaching  the  threshold: 
Gauls  had  approached  through  the  brambles,  and  there  were  investing  the  castl- 
Screened  by  the  darkness  and  boon  of  the  dim  and  shadowy  midnight: 
Golden  their  flowing  locks,  and  golden  their  radiant  raiment; 
Brightly  they  gleam  in  their  striped,  diversified  plaids;  then  their  milk-white    660 
Necks  are  encircled  with  gold,  and  they  each  in  hand  are  two  Alpine 
Spontoons  brandishing,  whilst  they  protected  their  bodies  with  long  shields. 
Here  are  the  Salian  dancers,  and  there  are  the  naked  Luperci, 
Aye,  and  their  lambs'  wool  tufts,  and  their  targes  descended  from  heaven. 
Modeled,  and  virtuous  maidens  were  leading  the  sacred  processions                  665 


BOOK    VIM.  ;  -^ 

On  throujjh  the  city  in  lighl-whcclcd  carriages.     Yomler  he  adds  thence 

Kvcn   Tartarean  seats,  and  the  towering  [lurtals  of  I'luto: 

Criminal  punishments  also:  and  thee,  O  Catahne,  hanging 

Hiijh  on  a  menacing  crag,  and  quaking  at  sight  ni  the  furies: 

SojKiratc  also  the  pious,  and  Cato  disiK-nsing  them  statutes.  670 

'Twixt  these,  broailly  was  slretrhing  the  golden  cxi^nse  of  a  swollen 

Sea,  but  its  deep-blue  billows  were  foaming  with  feathery  white-ca|)s: 

Round  in  the  bright,  pure  silver  in  circles  were  dolphins  the  broad  deep 

Sweeping  with  frisky  tails,  and  cleaving   the  billowy  whirlfxjol: 

Out  in  its  midst  could  the  bronze-beaked  fleets,  and  the  Actian  battles  675 

Plainly  be  seen;  and  thou  couldst,  too,  behold  the  whole  of  Lcucate 

(ilowing  in  battle  array,  and  the  surges  effulgent  with  pure  gold. 

Cxsar  /Vugustus  on  this  side  leading   Italians  to  combats. 

Flanked  by  the  Senate  and  people,  and  cherished  Penates  and  great  go<Is, 

High  on  his  stern-deck  standing,  and  each  of  his  temples  exultant  680 

Breathing  out  flames,  and  there  sparkles    his  father's  star  on  his  forehead. 

There,  on  the  other  side,  tall  is  .\grippa,  with  winds  and  the  great  gods 

Favoring,  leading  his  army,  whose  beak-crowned  temples  with  naval 

Crown  are  effulgently  gleaming,  the  arrogant  signal  of  battle. 

Yonder  as  victor,  with  forces  barbaric,  and  various  armor,  6^-5 

Antony  brings  from  the  tril)es  of  the  morning,  and  shore  of  the  Red-Sea, 

Kg)'pt,  and  swarming  his  Orient  allies,  and  farthermost  Bactra 

With  him;  and  shame  I  in  his  train  an  Egj'ptian  consort  attends  him  I 

All  seem  rushing  at  once,  and  the  whole  main  foaming  and  splashing. 

Torn  by  the  back-drawn  oars,  and  the  prows  surmounted  with  tritlents.  690 

Seaward  they  steer,  and  the  Cyclades  thou  wouldst  imagine  were  wrenchetl  loose. 

Sailing  the  ocean,  and  loftiest  mountains  with  mountains  colliding. 

Men  of  a  mar\'ellous  stature  are  |x;rched  on  the  turretted  stern  decks; 

Flamable  tow  and  the  feathery  steel  is  by  hand  and  by  weajions 

Scattered:  with  fresh-made  massacre  redden  the  fallows  of  Neptune.  6'J5 

Full  in  their  midst  is  the  queen,  with  her  countn.''s  tim!>rels  the  squadrons 

Summoning,  seeing  not  yet  the  couple  of  serpents  behind  her. 

Monsters  of  gods  of  every  description,  and  barking  .\nubis. 

Wield  against  Neptune  and  Venus,  anil  even  Mincr\'a,  their  hostile 

Weajxjns.     The  steel-clad  Mavors  aKx)f  in  the  midst  of  the  contest  700 

Rages,  and  hideous  Furies  are  sweeping  from  regions  of  xther; 

Discord  jubilant  stalks,  with  her  mantelet  riddled  to  tatters, 

After  her  follows,  with  bliMKl-stained  scourge,  the  inhuman  Bellona. 

Seeing  these,  Actium's  patron  Aj)olIo  was  bending  his  cross-!>ow 

Downward:  in  dread  of  him,  every  Egyptian  and  Indian,  and  every  705 


164  THE    ^NEID. 

Arab,  and  all  the  Sabaeans  were  turning  their  backs  in  a  panic: 

Even  the  queen  was  beheld  as  unfurlmg  the  sails  to  the  welcome 

Winds,  and  seemed  now,  even  now,  to  be  loosing  the  rop:s  of  the  mam-sail. 

Her  in  the  midst  of  the  carnage,  and  palid  from  doom  in  the  future. 

Had  the  Ignipotent  fashioned  as  borne  by  the  waves  and  the  West- wind.  710 

Opposite  though  as  m  mourning  the  Nilus  enormous  in  stature, 

Spreading  his  fluttering  folds,  and  with  all  its  investure  inviting 

Back  to  Its  dark  blue  bosom  and  sheltermg  rivers  the  vanquished. 

Meantime  Caesar,  in  triplicate  triumph,  conveyed  in  the  Roman 

Walls,  to  Italia' s  gods  was  a  votive  immortal  devoting,  715 

Even  three  hundred  capital  shrines  through  the  whole  of  the  city; 

Loud  were  the  streets  with  the  joy  and  the  sports  and  the  plaudit  resounding; 

Clusters  of  matrons  at  all  of  the  temples,  at  all  there  were  altars: 

Strewing  the  ground  in  front  of  the  altars  lay  sacrificed  bullocks. 

He  in  the  snow-white  porch  of  the  brilliant  Apollo  his  station  720 

Taking,  the  gifts  of  the  peoples  acknowleges,  and  on  the  proud  gates 

Hangs  them.     The  conquered  nations  are  marching  in  lengthy  procession, 

Varied  in  languages  each,  as  in  habit  of  costume  and  armor. 

Here,  too,  had  Mulciber  sketched  the  Numidian  tribes  and  the  loose  girt 

Africans:  here,  too,  the  Leleges,  Carian  hordes  and  Geloni  725 

Carrying  arrows.     In  waves  more  gentle  now  passed  the  Euphrates; 

There  the  remotest  of  men,  the  Morini,  and  there  the  bicornous 

Rhine  and  untamable  Dahae,  and  scorning  a  bridge,  the  Araxes. 

Such  on  the  shield  of  Vulcan — the  gift  of  his  mother — the  objects 

He  is  admiring;  not  knowing  their  meanings,  he,  pleased  with  the  pattern,        730 

Lifts  to  his  shoulder  the  fame,  and  the  fates  of  his  future  descendents. 


BOOK  IX. 


Trojans  in  Camp  are  assaulted  by  Turnus  :  Euryalus'  midnight 
Ventui'e  with  Nisus:  the  havoc  of  Turuus,  who  leaps  in  tne  Iiber. 


But,  while  these  scenes  are  afar  in  a  different  quarter  enacted, 
Down  from  heaven  has  Saturnian  Juno  her  messenger  Iris 
Sent  to  audacious  Turnus.     It  happened  that  Turnus  was  just  then 
Seated  at  ease  in  a  hallowed  vale,  in  a  grove  of  his  jxirent  Pilumnus: 
Thus  from  her  roseate  mouth  did  the  daughter  of  Thaumas  address  him:  5 

"  Turnus,  what  none  of  the  gods  to  thee  wishing  would  venture  to  promise, 
Lo  !  the  revolving  day  of  its  own  free  will  hath  accorded. 
Leaving  his  city  and  comrades  and  vessels,  .-Eneas  is  absent, 
Seeking  the  kingdom  and  home  of  the  Palatine  monarch  Kvander; 
Still  not  enough,  he  hath  Corythus'  farthermost  cities  invaded,  lo 

Yea,  and  is  arming  the  Lydians'  horde— their  yeomanry   mustered. 
Why  doubt  ?     Now  is  the  juncture  to  order  out  horses  and  chariots: 
Break  through  every  delay,  and  seize  on  his  crippled  encampments." 
Spake  she,  and,  heavenward  soaring  away  on  her  balancing  pinions, 
Clave  on  the  clouds  in  her  flight  a  wide-arched,  radiant  rainl>ow.  1$ 

Instant  the  warrior  knew  her,  antl  raised  to  the  planets  his  folded 
Palms,  and  thus  in  his  utterance  followed  the  fugitive  goddess: 
"  Iris,  the  glory  of  heaven,  who  sent  thee  to  me  on  the  thin  clouds 
Wafted  to  earth  ?     Whence  came  this  so  unexjiectedly  splendid 
Weather  ?     I  see  in  its  midst  heaven  parting  asunder,  and  lonely  20 

Stars  in  the  firmament  straggling  !  I  follow  thy  mar>'ellous  omens, 
Whosoever  dost  summon  to  arms  !"    .And  having  thus  sfxjken. 
Forth  to  the  billow  he  strode,  and  the  waters  scooj^ed  from  the  to|vsurf. 
Often  imploring  the  gods,  antl  he  loaded  the  heavens  with  votives. 

Soon  to  the  ojien  plain  was  adv;»ncing  the  whole  of  his  arm  v.  ^5 

16s 


1 66  THE    ^NEID. 

Rich  in  its  steeds,  and  as  rich  in  embroidered  and  golden  apparel. 

Leading  the  van  in  Messapus,  the  youthful  sons  of  Tyrrheus 

Bring  up  the  rear:  in  the  midst  of  the  squadron  the  champion  Turnus 

Bustles,  displaying  his  armor,  and  over  them  towers  by  a  whole  head. 

On  like  the  broad,  deep  Ganges,  risii.2^  in  seven  majestic  30 

Rivers  in  quiet,  or  Nile,  when  it  back  in  a  copious  current 

Flows  o'er  the  plains,  and  has  presently  buried  itself  in  its  channel. 

Here  in  the  distance  the  Teucrans  descry  of  a  sudden  a  dense  dust 

Cloud  amassing,  and  out  of  the  plains  uprising  a  darkness.  , 

Foremost  Caicus  excitedly  shouts  from  the  opposite  breastwork:  35 

"  Citizens,  what  is  yon  globe  uprolling  in  ebony  blackness? 

Hasten  to  arms,  bring  weapons,  and  rally  and  mount  to  the  bulwarks: 

Ho  !  the  foe  is  at  hand  !"     With  a  vehement  clamor  the  Teucrans 

Shelter  themselves  through  all  of  the  portals  and  fill  up  the  ramparts: 

For,  when  departing,  so  had  ^neas,  their  chieftain  in  armor,  40 

Ordered  them,  if  in  the  interval,  any  emergency  happen. 

Not  to  venture  to  risk  an  engagement,  nor  trust  to  the  broad  plain, 

Only  the  camps,  and  the  walls  they  should  guard  secure  with  a  breastwork. 

Therefore,  though  shame  or  resentment  should  tempt  them  to  hazard  a  comlxit. 

Still  they  must  fasten  the  portals  and  strictly  obey  his  injunctions;  45 

Armed  they  must  wait  for  the  foemen,  entrenched  in  their  sheltering  turrets. 

Turnus,  as  speeding  ahead  he  had  distanced  his  tardier  column, 

Flanked  by  an  escort  of  twenty  selected  dragoons,  at  the  city 

Suddenly  made  his  appearance:  a  piebald  Thracian  charger 

Bears,  and  a  crimson-crested  pure  gold  helmet  invests  him:  50 

"  Soldiers,  will  any  one  with  me  be  first  to  encounter  a  foeman  ? 

There  !  "  he  exclaims,  and  twirling  in  air  he  has  launched  them  a  javelin. 

Prelude  of  battle,  then  mounted  he  bounds  away  o'er  the  champaign; 

Shouting  his  escort  second  the  challenge,  and  follow  with  thrilling 

Plaudit.     Marvel  they  much  at  the  spiritless  hearts  of  the  Teucrans,  55 

Not  to  adventure  in  open  field,  nor  to  meet  them  as  heroes 

Armed,  but  to  nestle  in  camp.      He  hither  and  thither  on  horseback 

Wrathfully  searches  the  walls,  and  essays  an  approach  by  the  by-paths; 

Just  as  a  wolf,  when  he  prowling  around  by   a  plentiful  sheep-fold. 

Raves  at  the  pens,  though  grievously  pelted  by  winds  and  the  rain-storms,         60 

Lonely  at  midnight:  safely  the  lambs,  by  the  side  of  their  mothers, 

Keep  up  a  bleating;  he,  rampant  and  viciously  savage  with  anger. 

Growls  at  them  out  of  his  reach;  for  the  fury  of  hunger  protracted 

Long,  and  his  jaws  all  parching  for  blood,  but  incite  him  to  madness: 

Just  so  within  the  Rutulian,  viewing  their  walls  and  encampments  65 


Kindles  his  passions,  and  hot  in  his  hard  UinrH  grows  the  vexation. 

How  to  attempt  the  approaches,  and  h(»w  the  unprejjnably  sheltered 

Tcucrans  to  oust  from  breastwork,  and  (^oiir  them  abroad  on  the  common. 

So  he  attacks  the  fleet,  which  lay  on  the  flank  of  the  «amp  grollml^ 

Hidden,  and  he<lvjed  by  the  i)reastworks  round,  and  the  waves  of  the  river,        73 

In  it  he  orders  his  jubilant  ct)mradcs  to  kindle  a  bon-hre. 

And  in  his  fervor  hehlls  Ins  hnnd  with  a  flammable  pine-knot; 

Then  do  they  verily  fall  to,  the  presence  of  I'umus  incites  them. 

Hut,  in  an  instant,  each  youth  is  bcgirded  with  blackening  faggot.s: 

They  have  denuded  the  hearth-fircs:  smoking  the  flaml>eau  the  pitch-li;^ht         75 

Carries,  and  Vulcan  upwafts  to  the  stars  the  promiscuous  cinders. 

Muses,  what  deity  kind  from  the  Teucrans  so  ruthless  a  havoc 
Warded,  and  who  kept  off  such  terrible  fires  from  their  galleys. 
Tell  me;  of  old  is  belief  in  the  fact,  but  its  fame  is  eternal. 

First,  at  the  time  when  .^'neas  his  fleet  was  in  Phrygian   Ida  80 

Building,  and  getting  it  ready  to  launch  on  the  ilep^s  of  the  ocean. 
Spake  Berecynthian  Cybele,  mother  of  gods,  to  the  mii^hty 
Jove,  it  is  fabled,  in  these  strains:   "  Grant  me,  my  son,  as  a  pleader. 
What  thy  affectionate  parent  ilemands  for  the  sway  of  Olympus. 
I  hive  a  forest  of  pine-trees,  cherished  for  many  a  long  year;  85 

High  on  a  peak  was  a  grove  where  they  formerly  offered  me  worship; 
Dusky  it  stood  with  its  darkening  firs  and  its  timbers  of  maple. 
These  to  Dartlania's  champion  I,  when  he  needed  a  scpiatlron. 
Cheerfully  gave  ;  now  solicitous,  horror  harassingly  chokes  me: 
Quiet  my  fear,  and  allow  this  effect  to  thy  parent's  petitions,  90 

Grant  they  may  neither  be  wrecked  on  the  voyage,  nor  yet  by  a  whirlwind 
Foundered,  but  let  it  avail  them  that  they  were  derive<l  from  our  mountains.  ' 
Her  dill  her  son,  who  rotates  the  stars  of  the  universe,  answer: 
••  Whither,  ()  mother,  dost  beckon  the  fates?     And  what  by  these  pleadings 
Seek  ?     Can  be  counted  immortal  the  keels  by  the  hand  of  a  mortal  95 

Made?     Can  .,4Cneas  indubious  rightfully  dubious  dangers 
Traverse  ?     To  which  of  the  gods  is  a  |x>tence  so  marvellous  granted  ? 
Yes,  when  de(unct  they  :it  length  shall  their  goal,  the  Ausonian  harlwrs 
Haply  hereafter  attain,  which  ever,  escaping  the  surges. 

Safe  shall  have  wafted  Dardania's  chief  to  I^urentian  meadows,  100 

I  will  divest  of  their  mortal  alloy,  and  will  g(Kldes?es  biti  them 
Be  of  the  fathomless  ocean,  like  Doto,  the  Nerean's  daughter. 
Or  Galataia,  to  cleave  through  the  foaming  deep  with  their  lH)som." 
Spake  he,  and  solemnly  pledgetl  by  the  streams  of  his  Stygian  brother. 
Yea,  by  the  banks  that  are  flooded  with  pitch  and  the  ebony  whirljxjol,  105 


1 68  THE    .ENEID. 

Nodded  it,  and  by  his  nod  made  all  Olympus  to  tremble. 
Therefore  the  promised  day  had  arrived  and  the  destinies  fully 
Filled  the  allotted  times,  when  the  impudent  outrage  of  Turnus 
'Monished  the  mother  to  ward  from  the  sacred  galleys  the  firebrands. 

Here  first  flashed  on  their  vision  a  singular  light,  and  a  mighty  iio 

Storm-cloud  seemed  from  the  eastern  horizon  to  run  o'er  the  heavens, 
Choirs  of  Ida  as  well:  then  an  awful  voice  on  the  breezes 
Falls,  and  it  fills  the  Rutulian  hosts,  and  the  hosts  of  the  Teucrans: 
*'  Be  not,  ye  Teucrans,  in  haste  to  defend,  as  in  danger,  my  shipping; 
Arm  not  your  hands  for  the  rescue;  'twill  sooner  be  granted  that  Turnus         115 
Burn  up  the  seas  than  my  sacred  pine-trees.     Go  ye  unhampered, 
Go,  O  ye  nymphs  of  the  ocean,  your  mother  enjoins  you."     And  forthwith 
Burst  they  each  from  the  banks  the  respective  fetters  that  bound  them. 
And  in  the  manner  of  dolphins,  with  beaks  submerged,  to  the  deepest 
Waters  betake  them,  from  whence  they — a  marvellous  wonder — as  mermaids   120 
Issue  as  numerous  faces,  and  thence  are  away  on  the  broad  deep 
Borne, as  had  brazen  prows  there  previous  stood  on  the  sea-shores. 

Stunned  were  the  minds  of  Rutulians:  even  Messapus  was  frightened; 
Startled  his  steeds  in  a  stampede;  pauses  the  stream  in  its  current, 
Hoarsely  resounding,  and  back  Tiberinus  recalls  his  foot  from  the  deep  sea.    1 25 
But  his  audacity  failed  not  then  the  redoubtable  Turnus; 
Promptly  he  rallies  their  souls  by  his  words,  and  upbraids  them  as  promptly: 
"  Yonder  prodigies  aim  at  the  Trojans:  e'en  Jove  of  his  wonted 
Aid  hath  deprived  them;  no  weapons  of  theirs,  no  counter  combustions 
Wait  the  Rutulians:  therefore  the  seas  are  foreclosed  to  the  Teucrans,  130 

Hope  of  escape  there  is  none;  one  half  their  resources  is  reft  them: 
Still  in  our  hands  is  the  land:  of  Italia' s  myriad  nations 
Thousands  are  arming  against  them.     None  of  the  deities'  fateful 
Omens  appal  me,  howe'er  for  themselves  the  Phrygians  swagger: 
Fates  have  allotted  sufficient  to  Venus  in  letting  the  Teucrans  135 

Land  on  the  meadows  of  fertile  Ausonia.     I,  too,  have  counter 
Fates  of  my  own,  with  steel  to  destroy  the  nefarious  nation. 
Robbed  of  my  consort  !     That  grievance  comes  home  not  only  to  Atreus' 
Sons,  and  to  marshal  in  arms  is  the  lot  of  Mycenae  not  only. 
'  But  'tis  enough  to  have  suffered  once  ! '     Then  should  it  suffice  them  140 

Once  to  have  trespassed,  detesting,  and  well  nigh  utterly,  woman 
Kind.     This  presumption  of  theirs  is  the  width  of  a  stockade, 
Stoppages  merely  of  trenches,  but  slight  separations  from  ruin. 
Give  them  their  courage.     But  have  they  not  seen  the  defences  of  Troja, 
Wrought  though  they  were  by  the  hand  of  a  Neptune,  crumble  to  embers  ?      145 


BOOK    IX.  169 

Rut,  O  yc  veterans,  who  is  now  ready  to  storm  their  entrenchments, 

Sword  in  hanti,  and  with  mc  to  attack  their  em!)arra»«cd  rnnampment»  > 

Not  of  the  armor  of  Vultan,  nor  yet  of  a  thousand  flotilla, 

Am  I  in  need  for  the  Teucrans.     Forthwith  let  all  the  Ktruscans 

Join  them  as  allies:  they  need  not  of  nl(M)m,  and  Talladium's  stupid  150 

Rol)bery  fear,  when  the  guards  of  the  uppermost  castle  were  butchered; 

Nor  in  the  darksome  jviunch  of  a  horse  will  we  hide,  but  m  oi)cn 

naylifjht  I  am  determined  with  flames  to  encircle  their  ramparts. 

I  will  have  made  them  to  know  they  are  dealinjj  no  longer  with  Danai, 

Nor  with  Pelasgian  striplings,  whom  Hector  defied  till  the  tenth  year.  155 

So  now,  seeing  the  better  part  of  the  day  has  been  acted. 

What  there  is  left  of  it,  cheerily,  after  your  noble  achievements. 

Care  for  your  bodies,  my  men,  and  be  ready  awaiting  a  battle. 

Meanwhile  the  charge  is  assigned  to  Messapus  to  block  by  alternate 

Sentries  the  enemy's  gates,  anil  their  ramparts  girtlle  with  watch-fires.  160 

Two-times  seven  Rutulians  picked  were  to  guard  the  invested 

Walls  with  a  picket;  but  closely  on  each  of  them  follow  a  hundred 

Warriors,  crested  with  crimson,  and  gleaming  in  golden  ecjuipment. 

Scouts  are  patrolling,  and  taking  their  turns,  or  arc  stretchetl  on  the  green  grass 

Quaffing  their  wine,  and  inverting  their  gol)lets  of  bronze  at  a  banter;  165 

Brightly  the  camp-fires  shine,  and  the  sentries  surrender  the  long  night 

Sleepless  to  gaming: — 

Down  from  the  palisade  Trojans  are  gazing  on  these,  and  in  armor 
Holding  the  heights;  and,  though  trembling  in  dread,  they  no  less  are  inspecting 
Closely  the  gates,  and  connecting  together  the  bridges  and  outworks,  170 

Wearing  their  weapons.     Alert  are  Mncstheus  and  tlauntless  Sergestus, 
Chieftains,  whom  father  /Kneas,  should  any  emergency  summon. 
Over  the  warriors  set,  and  to  be  of  affairs  the  directors. 
Through  the  entrenchments  the  legion  entire,  allotting  the  danger. 
Watches,  and  each  man  serves  in  his  turn  in  what  needed  protection.  175 

Nisus  was  guard  of  the  gateway,  a  veteran  valiant  in  armor, 
Hyrtacus'  son,  whom  Ida,  the  huntress  had  sent  as  .-Kneas' 
Comrade,  expert  with  the  dart,  and  ex|>ert  with  the  feathery  arrow; 
And  at  his  siile  as  his  mate  was  Euryalus:  none  of  .-F.neans 

Fairer  than  he,  nor  was  any  who  carried  the  armor  of  Troja;  180 

Beardless  his  cheeks,  as  denoting  a  hoy  in  his  earliest  manhood. 
One  was  their  love,  and  side  by  side  were  they  rushing  in  battles; 
Both  of  them,  too,  were  then  pnarding  the  gate  by  a  common  assignment. 
Nisus  exclaims:  "  Do  the  gods,  Eurj'alus,  fire  with  this  ardor 
Minds  ?     Or  does  each  one's  direful  desire  as  a  deity  ser\'e  him  ?  185 


I  70  THE    ^NEID. 

Long  is  my  mind  on  a  drive  to  engage  in  a  fight  or  in  something 

Grand  in  achievement:  it  is  not  contented  with  listless  inaction. 

Thou  discernest  what  confidence  yonder  Rutulians  have  in  their  fortunes  . 

Thinly  their  watch-lights  shine;  they  drunk  have  in  slumber  and  wassail 

Sunk,  and  the  spaces  around  are  in  silence.     Perceive,  for  the  nonce,  then,      190 

What  I  surmise,  and  what  now  in  mj'^  soul  is  the  purpose  arising. 

All,  both  the  people  and  fathers,  demand  that  ^neas  be  summoned 

Home,  and  that  men  be  dispatched  to  report  him  the  facts  as  occurring. 

If  they  will  promise  thee  only  what  I  demand — for  the  service 

Glory  suffices  for  me — methinks  I  can  easy  by  yonder  195 

Mound  find  a  way  to  the  walls  and  the  ramparts  of  Pallanteum." 

Stunned  was  Euryalus,  smitten  with  longing  intense  for  a  hero's 

Honors,  and  thus  at  once  he  addresses  his  ardent  companion: 

"  Dost  thou,  then,  shun  to  associate  me  in  thy  highest  achievements, 

Nisus  ?     And  shall  I  now  send  thee  alone  into  imminent  perils  ?  200 

Thus  did  my  father,  Opheltes,  himself,  too,  accustomed  to  warfare, 

Never  instruct  me  amid  the  Argolican  horrors,  and  Troja's 

Hardships  trained:  nor  as  messmate  of  thee  have  I  ever  thus  acted. 

Since  I  have  followed  the  noble  .zEneas  and  fates  the  extremest; 

Here  it  is,  here  is  a  soul  that  despises  the  light,  and  believes  that  205 

Honor  to  which  thou  aspirest,  if  life-bought  even,  is  well  bought." 

Nisus  to  these:  "I  had  verily  no  such  fears  of  thy  courage; 

No,  it  were  impious:  So  may  back  to  thee  bring  me  triumphant 

Jupiter  mighty,  or  whoso  regards  these  with  eyes  of  benignance: 

But  if  there  any — thou  seest  the  hazards  in  such  an  adventure —  210 

If  to  adversity  any  misfortune  or  deity  doom  me, 

I  would  have  thee  to  survive  me;  for  worthier  life  is  thy  boyhood. 

Let  there  be  one  to  consign  me,  if  taken  in  battle  and  ransomed. 

Low  in  the  ground;  or  who  may,  if  fortune,  as  wonted  forbid  this, 

Give  me  a  funeral,  even  though  gone,  and  with  sepulchre  grace  me.  215 

Let  me  not  cause  so  oppressive  a  grief  to  thy  sorrowing  mother. 

Who  of  the  numerous  mothers,  my  boy,  alone  in  the  venture, 

Follows  thee  hither,  nor  cares  for  the  ramparts  of  mighty  Acesta." 

He  however:  "  In  vain  thou  entwinest  thy  futile  dissuasives; 

Still  is  my  purpose  unshaken,  nor  yields  it  its  place  for  a  moment.  220 

Let  us  be  off,"  he  exclaims;  and  at  once  he  awakes  his  alternate 

Guards  who  relieve  him,  and  watch  in  their  turn,  and  he,  leaving  his  station, 

Trips  the  attendant  of  Nisus,  and  haste  they  in  quest  of  the  regent. 

Other  animate  creatures  all  over  the  earth  were  in  slumber 
Soothing  their  cares,  and  their  hearts  were  oblivious  wholly  of  labors:  225 


BOOK    IX.  171 

rromincnt  leaders  of  Teucrans,  and  pick  of  the  warriors   round  them, 

Anxious  wcrr  holdinjj  a  council  on  hi^jhcst  affairs  of  the  kinjjtlom, 

What  thty  shoulil  do,  or  who  should  l)e  messenger  now  to  /Kncas. 

They  on  their  long  sjxrars  leaning,  and  wearing  their  shields  for  emergence. 

Stand  in  the  central  sjxice  of  the  camp.     Then  Nisus,  and  with  him  230 

Also,  Euryalus  presently  earnestly  pray  for  admittance. 

Saying  the  case  is  im|x>nant,  and  worth  the  delaying:  iQlus 

Welcomes  them  first  in  their  flurry,  and  orders  that  Nisus  address  them 

Then  thus  Ilyrtacus'  son:  "O  listen,  ye  men  of  -Kneas, 

Listen  with  minds  impartial,  nor  be  the  proposal  we  bring  you  235 

Judged  by  our  years.     The  Rutulian  drunk  have  in  slumber  and  wassail 

Now  become  hushed:    we  have  seen  for  ourselves  that  a  place  for  a  sally 

Lies  at  the  forks  of  the  road  of  the  gate  that  is  nearest  the  sea-side. 

There  are  the  watch-fires  broken,  and  dark  is  their  smoke  to  the  lone  stars 

Rising.     If  you  will  permit  us  to  take  the  advantage  of  fortune,  240 

So  as  to  hasten  in  quest  of  /Kneas  ami   ramparts  of  Pallanteum, 

Soon  shall  you  see  us  returning  hither  with  spoils,  and  a  mighty 

Slaughter  accomplished:  nor  does  the  journey  misgive  us  in  going; 

For  we  have  caught  from  the  darksome  valleys  a  glimpse  of  the  city 

Often  in  hunting  excursions,  and  know  the  whole  of  the  river."  245 

Here  then  Aletes,  encumbered  with  years  and  mature  in  his  judgment: 
"  Gods  of  our  country,  beneath  whose  protection  forever  is  Troja, 
Surely  ye  do  not  intend  to  entirely  abolish  the  Teucrans; 
Since  of  their  youth  ye  have  souls  so  heroic  produced  and  such  dauntless 
Bosoms."     So  saying,  he  eager  of  both  was  the  shoulders  and  right  hands       250- 
Grasping,  and  bathing  with  tears  his  visage  and  features  exclaiming: 
••  Heroes,  what  worthy  requitals  for  such  a  commendable  emprise 
Can  I  imagine  accorded  ?     The  noblest  the  gods  and  your  conscience 
Foremost  of  all  shall  bestow,  and  the  rest  will  the  pious  .-Eneas 
Render  anon;  and  .Ascanius,  who  has  the  whole  of  his  manhood  255 

Vet  in  the  future,  can  never  be  mindless  of  merit  so  matchless!  " 
"  Ves,  I  whose  only  salvation  de[xjnds  on  my  father's  returning," 
Tenders  Ascanius,  "  I,  by  our  mighty  Penates,  O  Nisus, 
I,  by  the  Lar  of  Assaracus,  yea,  and  the  shrine  of  the  silvery  Vesta, 
Swear  to  you  both,  that  whatever  my  fortune,  whatever  my  credit,  260 

All  I  ungrudgingly  place  in  your  laps:  but  recall  me  my  parent; 
Bring  him  but  back  to  my  sight,  and  receiving  him  naught  shall  be  grievous 
Yes,  I  will  give  thee  a  couple  of  elegant  goblets  of  silver, 
Roughened  with  figures,  which  father  retained  from  the  sack  of  Arisba; 
These,  and  a  couple  of  tripods,  two  ponderous  talents  of  pure  gold ;  a^5 


172  THE    ^NEID. 

Also  an  antique  chalice,  the  gift  of  Sidonian  Dido. 

But,  if  Italia  it  chance  to  be  mine  to  subdue,  and  its  sceptre 

Sway  as  a  victor  at  length,  and  by  lot  to  apportion  the  booty — 

Thou  didst  behold  what  a  charger  that  Turnus  was  riding,  the  gilded 

Armor  he  wore — that  charger,  and  buckler,  and  plumage  of  crimson,  270 

I  will  exempt  from  the  lot;  they  are,  Nisus,  already  thy  prizes. 

Further,  my  father  will  twice  six  exquisite  persons  of  matrons 

Give  thee,  and  captives,  and  each  one's  armor  entire  as  thy  portion; 

Added  to  these  the  domain  which  the  monarch  Latinus  possesses. 

Thee,  however,  whom  mine  own  age  in  still  nearer  approaches  275 

Follows,  reverable  boy    to  my  whole  heart  warmly  I  welcome 

Now,  and  embrace  thee  as  bosom  companion  in  every  emergence. 

Ne'er  in  my  future  achievements  shall  glory  be  courted  without  thee. 

Whether  in  peace  or  in  wars  I  engage,  for  achievements  and  counsels 

Trust  shall  in  thee  be  supreme."     Euryalus  counter  bespeaks  him  280 

Thus:  "  No  day  shall  hereafter  to  any  so  daring  adventures 

Prove  me  unequal,  if  only  this  seemingly  favoring  fortune 

Fall  not  adversely.     But  O,  I,  above  all  other  bestowments, 

One  thing  entreat  of  thee:  there  is  my  mother  from  Priam's  primeval 

Peerage,  whom  wretched,  forsaking  it  with  me,  the  Ilian  home-land  285 

Kept  not,  nor  )ret  did  the  ramparts  of  monarch  Acestes  detain  her; 

Her  I  now  leave  unaware  of  this  peril,  whatever  it  may  be — 

Leave  her  without  an  affectionate  farewell.     Night  and  thy  right  hand 

Witness  that  I  am  unable  to  bear  the  tears  of  my  parent; 

But  I  entreat  thee  to  soothe  her  in  need,  and  relieve  her  forsaken:  290 

Let  me  but  have  this  assurance  from  thee,  and  I  bolder  will  venture 

On  into  every  hazard."     With  minds  overcome  with  emotion 

Sons  of  Dardanus  wept,  and  especially  lovely  liilus; 

But  the  resemblance  seen  of  his  father's  devotion  his  spirit  ■ 

Nerved:  then  thus  he  bespeaks  him: —  295 

"  Pledge  to  thy  heart,  then,  all  that  is  worthy  the  grandest  achievements, 
For  that  mother  shall  be  as  my  mother,  the  name  of  Creiisa 
Only  excepted;  nor  slight  are  the  thanks  for  so  noble  an  offspring 
Due  her:  whatever  contingencies  follow  this  act,  I  unshrinking 
Swear  by  this  head — by  the  oath  which  my  father  was  used  to  before  me —     300 
All  that  I  promise  to  thee,  if  returning  with  efforts  successful, 
Still  shall  continue  the  same  to  thy  mother  and  mother's  relations." 
So  he  with  weeping  exclaims;  and  at  once  he  unbuckles  his  gilded 
Sword  from  his  side,  which  the  Gnosian  artist  Lycaon,  with  wondrous 
Skill  had  fashioned  and  fitted  its  delicate  ivory  scabbard.  305 


BOOK  IX.  1 ; J 

Mncsthciis  proffers  to  Nisus  the  skin  nni\  the  coat  of  a  *hAggy 

Lion:  the  trusty  Aletcs  with  Nisus  cxchan^jcs  his  helmet. 

Straightway  accoutred  they  sally,  and  all  the  assembly  of  chieftains, 

Young  and  old,  as  they  go  escort  them  as  far  as  the  K^^teway, 

Breathin)j  their  vows  for  their  welfare.      Moreover,  the  comely  lUlus,  ■^lo 

Who  had  a  soul  in  advance  of  his  years,  and  the  prudence  of  m;.nhood. 

Many  a  mandate  jjave  to  he  borne  to  his  sire;  but  the  wild  winds 

Scatter  them  all,  and  consign  them  anon  to  the  clouils  in  al)ortion. 

Pass  they,  emerging,  the  trenches,  and  on  through  the  gl<Kjm  of  the  midnight 
Tramp  to  the  camps  of  the  foemen,  yet  destined  to  l)e  a  destruction  315 

Shortly  to  many.     Around  on  the  grass  they  in  sluml)er  and  wassail 
See  stretched  boilics  promiscuous,  chariots  tip|)ed  on  the  sea-l>each, 
Men  in  the  midst  of  the  harness  and  wheels,  and  together  lay  huddled 
.Armor  and  wine-cups.      P'irst  thus  Ilyrtacus'  son  from  his  mouth  spake: 
"  Risk  is,  Euryalus,  due  at  our  hands;  the  occasion  now  summons:  320 

This  is  the  way.      Do  thou,  lest  a  troop  might  possibly  on  us 
Rise  in  the  rear,  stand  guard,  and  keep  a  look  out  in  a  distance; 
These  I  will  render  a  havoc,  and  open  before  thee  a  wide  path." 
So  he  rehearses,  and  hushes  his  voice,  and  at  once  with  his  broad-sword 
Charges  on  insolent  Rhamnes,  who  lay,  as  it  happened,  on  cushions  325 

High  upraised,  and  from  all  of  his  bosom  was  sn«)ring  out  slumber. 
Monarch  himself,  and  to  Tumus  a  monarch  the  favorite  augur; 
But  by  his  augury  could  he  not  parry  the  doom  that  befel  him. 
Three  slaves  near  him  he  smites  in  the  midst  of  their  weajwns  at  random 
Lying,  and  armor-bearer,  and  charioteer  of  Remus,  330 

Finding  them  close  by  their  steeds,  antl  with  sabre  he  severs  their  drooped  necks; 
Then  he  the  head  of  their  master  lops  oft,  and  the  trunk  in  its  own  blood 
(iurgling  he  leaves,  and  the  earth,  made  warm  by  the  tlow,  and  the  couches 
Drip  with  the  black  gore.     Lamyrus  also,  and  Lamus,  and  with  them 
Youthful  Serranus,  who  noted  for  beauty,  had  many  a  raffle  335 

Played  that  night,  and  o'ercome  by  inordinate  bumpers  to  Bacchus, 
Lay  with  his  limbs  outsprawled.     ()  happy,  if  he  had  continued  his  pastime 
Steadily  on  through  the  night,  and  protracted  it  even  till  d;iy-light. 
Just  as  a  famishing  lion,  when  prowling  through  plentiful  sheep  folds — 
For  an  intirdinate  hunger  induces  him — craunches  and  mangles,  340 

Dumb  in  their  terror,  the  delicate  flock,  and  roars  with  his  gory 
Mouth.     Not  less  was  Kuryalus'  slaughter,  as  he,  too,  impassioned 
Raves  through  the  camp,  and  comes,  in  its  midst,  on  a  numerous  nameless 
Rabble,  to  Fadus,  Herbesus,  and  Rhcctus,  and  Abaris,  likewise 
All  unawares,  though  Rhcetus  awake,  and  a  witness  of  all  things;  345 


174  THE    ^NEID. 

But  in  alarm  he  was  skulking  behind  a  ponderous  wine-crock: 

Full  in  his  opposite  breast,  as  he  rose,  he  aiming  at  close  range 

Buried  his  sword  to  its  hilt,  and  withdrew  it  with  copious  blood-shed. 

Spews  he  his  crimson  life,  and  in  dying  he  vomits  the  wine-draughts 

Mingled  with  blood;  on  presses  he,  flushed  with  his  stealthy  achievements.      35c 

Now  he  was  nearing  Messapus'  associates;  there  he  the  last  lone 

Watch-fires  flickering  saw,  and  the  horses,  all  properly  tethered, 

Quietly  grazing  the  herbage,  when  thus,  but  in  brevity,  Nisus, 

For  he  perceived  they  were  carried  too  far  in  their  craving  for  carnage: 

"  Let  us  desist,"  he  exclaims,   "  for  at  hand  is  the  treacherous  daylight;  355 

Vengeance  enough  has  been  taken;  a  way  has  been  made  through  the  foemen." 

Armor  abundant  of  heroes,  in  solid  silver  perfected, 

Leave  they  behind  them,  and  wine-crocks  also,  and  beautiful  carpets. 

Eager  Euryalus  seizes  the  trappings  of  Rhamnes,  his  baldric 

Studded  with  golden  embossing,  the  presents  which  formerly  wealthy  360 

Caedicus  sent  to  Tiburtian  Remulus,  when  he,  though  absent, 

Plighted  alliance:  he  dying  bequeathed  it  in  tail  to  his  grandson; 

After  his  death  the  Rutulians  won  it  in  war  and  by  conquest. 

These  he  purloins,  and  adapts  them  in  vain  to  his  chivalrous  shoulders: 

Then  he  Messapus'  adaptable  helmet,  with  plumage  bcdizzen,  365 

Dons.     They  depart  from  the  camps  and  betake  them  to  places  of  safety. 

Meanwhile  the  cavalry,  sent  in  advance  from  the  town  of  Latinus, 
While  on  the  plains  the  rest  of  the  legion  in  order  of  battle 
Tarries,  were  posting  and  bringing  responses  to  Turnus  the  monarch, 
Shielded,  three  hundred  strong,  and  in  charge  of  their  officer,  Volcens.  370 

They  were  now  nearing  the  camps,  and  approaching  the  line  of  entrenchments. 
When  at  a  distance  they  notice  them  turning  aside  to  the  left  hand 
Pass,  and  the  helmet  betrayed,  in  the  glimmering  shadows  of  midnight. 
Thoughtless  Euryalus,  bright  as  it  shone  in  the  opposite  moonlight. 
Nor  is  it  bootlessly  sighted;  for  Volcens  shouts  out  from  the  vanguard:  375 

"  Halt  men  !     What  is  the  cause  of  your  way  ?     Or  who  are  you  in  armor  ? 
Where  are  you  holding  your  journey  ?  "     They  nothing  returned  him  in  answer. 
But  they  quickened  their  flight  to  the  woods,  and  relied  on  the  darkness. 
Foemen  now  station  themselves  at  the  well-known  forks  of  the  highways 
Hither  and  thither,  and  crown  each  available  point  with  a  sentry.  380 

There  was  a  wildwood  widely  bristling  with  brambles  and  sombre 
Holly,  and  thickly  on  all  sides  fills  it  a  tangle  of  briars: 
Here  and  there  through  its  intricate  trails  there  was  lighting  a  footpath; 
Darkness  withal  of  the  branches  above,  and  his  cumbersome  plunder 
Hmder  Euryalus;  fear,  too,  misleads  in  the  trend  of  the  highways.  385 


BOOK    IX.  175 

Nisus  escapes,  and  had  heedless  already  evaded  the  focmcn, 
When  at  the  groves,  which  since  have  in  honor  of  AIIki  Inren  tilled 
Alban;  then  monarch  Latinus  had  there  his  imix:rial  stat)les. 
So,  as  he  |xiiiscil,  and  in  vain  looked  back  to  discover  his  lost  friend; 
"  Hapless  Kuryalus  !"  cries  he,  ''and  where  have  I  thoughtlessly  left  thee  ?    39c 
How  shall  I  follow  thee,  tracking  the  whole  of  the  dubious  journey 
Hack  of  the  treacherous  woods  ?"     And  at  once  he  retraces  the  way-marks 
Notcil,  and  back  through  the  brambles  in  silence  he  hurriedly  wanders; 
Hears  he  the  horses,  and  hears,  too,  the  racket  and  signs  of  pursuers. 
Brief  is  the  time  in  the  interval,  ere  on  his  ears  there  a  loud  shout  395 

Peals,  and  he  sees  Euryalus,  whom  now  bewildered  the  whole  band, 
Caught  in  the  trap  of  the  place  and  the  darkness,  and  dazed  by  the  sudden 
Tumult,  seize,  as  he  often  and  vainly  attempts  to  elude  them. 
What  can  he  do  ?     .And  how  can  he  by  force  and  with  armor  the  young  man 
^Venture  to  save  ?     Shall  he,  reckless  of  life,  in  the  midst  of  the  sabres  400 

Fling  him,  and  rashly  precipitate  glorious  death  by  their  gashes  ? 
Quick  with  his  back-drawn  arm,  he  a  light  lance  poising  in  posture, 
Glancing  above  to  the  lofty  moon,  he  implores  her  assistance: 
"  Do  thou,  O  goddess  of  night,  be  present  and  second  my  effort ! 
O  thou  pride  of  the  stars,  and  Latona's  guard  of  the  woodlands,  405 

Grant  me,  if  ever  my  father  Hyrtacus  brought  to  thine  altars 
Presents;  if  ever  I  added  my  own  from  the  chase,  or  suspended 
Spoils  in  ihy  dome,  or  affixed  to  thy  consecrate  ceilings  my  trophies. 
Let  me  confound  this  troop,  and  direct  thou  my  shafts  on  the  night  air  !" 
Spake  he,  and  straining  with  utmost  exertion  he  hurls  the  unerring.  410 

Steel;  and  the  flying  spear,  as  it  sunders  the  shadows  of  midnight. 
Speeds  to  the  back  of  the  opposite  Sulmo,  and  there  it  is  broken 
Short,  and,  though  shivereil  its  handle,  it  pierces  his  innermost  vitals. 
Over  he  rolls,  and  the  warm  stream  vomiting  forth  from  his  lK)Som, 
Cold  and  stark  he  with  long  gasps  beats  on  his  loins  as  he  welters.  415 

Wildly  they  stare  around.     But  the  fiercer  become  by  this  issue, 
Lo  !  from  the  tip  of  his  ear  he  balanced  another  projectile. 
Whilst  they  are  wildered:  the  spear  through  Iwth  of  the  temples  of  Tagus 
Whizzingly  hurtled,  and  blood-warmed  stuck  in  the  brain  it  had  burrowed. 
Raves  the  exasperate  Volcens,  but  nowhere  discovers  the  weapon's  42c 

Hurler,  nor  where  he  may  wreck,  in  the  heat  of  his  anger,  his  vengeance. 
'*  Thou,  however,  the  meanwhile,  thou  shalt  for  In^th  with  thy  warm  blood 
Pay  me  the  penalty's  forfeit,"  he  cries.     And  at  once  with  his  drawn  sword 
Went  for  Euryalus.     Then  in  a  tremor  of  frenzy,  and  maddened. 
Shouts  out  Nisus;  nor  could  he  conceal  himself  in  the  darkness  4?5 


176  THE    ^NEID. 

Longer,  nor  yet  was  he  able  to  bear  such  a  torturing  anguish: 

"Me,  me,  'tis  I  who  have  done  it;  on  me  concentre  your  sabres, 

O  ye  Rutulians;  mine  is  all  the  offense,  for  he  dared  not. 

Could  not,  have  done  it.     Yon  heaven  and  planets  in  consciousness  witness, 

That  he  his  luckless  friend  hath  only  too  lovingly  cherished."  430 

Thus  was  he  venting  his  words:  but  the  sword  has,  with  energy  driven. 

Passed  through  his  ribs,  and  is  rending  his  spotless  bosom  asunder. 

Over  Euryalus  rolls  in  death,  and  the  gore  o'er  his  beautiful  members 

Trickles,  and,  sinking  collapsed,  his  neck  falls  back  on  his  shoulders: 

Just  as  a  crimson  flower,  when  rudely  cut  down  by  a  plowshare,  435 

Languishing  dies;  or  as  poppies  on  wearied  neck  have  enfeebled 

Drooped  their  heads,  when  perchance  by  the  rain  they  are  heavily  weighted. 

Nisus  now  rushes  on  right  in  their  midst,  and  aiming  at  Volcens 

Only  through  all,  and  on  Volcens  only  concentres  his  efforts; 

Round  him  the  enemy,  massing  on  this  side  and  that,  in  a  close  fight,  440 

Thrust  him  aside,  but  he  presses  the  more,  and  around  him  his  flashing 

Falchion  swings,  till  he  buried  it  deep  in  the  mouth  of  the  loudly 

Ranting  Rutulian,  and  dying  has  taken  the  life  of  his  foeman: 

Then  on  his  lifeless  friend,  he  flung  him,  by  many  a  death-wound 

Pierced,  and  there  he  in  death  in  serenity  finally  rested.  445 

Fortunate  pair  !     If  in  aught  my  verse  can  avail  to  effect  it, 
No  day  hence  to  remembering  time  shall  ever  exempt  you. 
Long  as  the  house  of  ^neas  shall  dwell  on  the  Capitol's  moveless 
Rock,  and  the  father  of  Rome  shall  possess  the  control  of  the  Empire ! 

Victors  and  owners  of  booty  and  spoils,  the  Rutulian  horsemen,  450 

Weeping  to  camp  were  conveying  the  lifeless  body  of  Volcens: 
No  less  sore  was  the  mourning  in  camp  on  discovering  Rhamnes 
Dead,  and  so  many  a  champion  slain  in  promiscuous  slaughter; 
Yea,  and  Serranus,  and  Numa.     Immense  is  the  throng  by  the  ghastly 
Corpses  and  half-dead  men,  and  the  spot  still  warm  with  the  recent  455 

Carnage,  and  copious  streams  of  the  frothy  blood  of  the  victims. 
Know  they  the  plunder  among  them,  Messapus'  resplendently  gleaming 
Helmet,  and  trappings  of  Rhamnes,  recovered  with  many  a  sweat-drop. 

Now  was  the  early  Aurora  bestrewing  the  lands  with  the  new-born 
Glimmer  of  dawn,  and  forsaking  the  saffron  couch  of  Tithonus:  4C0 

Now,  with  the  sun-light  bathed,  now  with  objects  unveiled  to  the  day-light, 
Turnus  arouses  his  soldiers  to  arms,  and  in  armor  his  own  self 
Girding,  he  marshals  his  brass-mailed  ranks  in  the  order  of  battle, 
liach  of  them  whetting  his  own  fierce  wrath  by  the  various  rumors; 
Nay,  they  on  upright  lances  affixing  those  heads — an  unsightly  465 


BOOK    l\.  177 

Spcctnclc  !  carry  in  front,  ami  they  follow,  with  many  an  insult, 
Heads  of  Kuryalus  jjhastly  anil  Nisus: — 

Firm  have  /Kncans  in  turn  on  the  left-hand  flank  of  the  lircastworks 
MarshallctI  in  battle-array — for  the  rivjht  was  enclosed  by  the  river — 
Hravely  they  man  the  extcntled  trenches,  and  stand  on  the  lofty  470 

Watch-towers  sail,  for  the  faces  but  too  well  known  o(  their  <:omrade«i. 
Flaunted,  and  streaininj;  with  sickeninj^  K^^e,  were  making  them  wretched. 

Meanwhile,  flitting  aloof  through  the  horrified  city,  is  Rumor 
Piniony  speeding  the  news,  and  alights  at  Kuryalus*  mother's 
Ears.     But  the  glow  of  a  sudden  has  quitted  the  t)ones  of  the  lorn  one;  475 

Shook  from  her  hands  is  her  shuttle,  in  tangle  her  warp  is  unraveled; 
Hies  she  unhappy  abroad,  and  with  dolorous  feminine  wailing 
Tearing  her  hair,  she  at  once  in  her  haste  to  the  walls  and  the  front-ranks 
Frenziedly  flies,  disregardful  alike  of  the  soldiers  and  danger  and  bristling 
\Vea|x>ns;  and  thence  fills  heaven  throughout  with  her  doleful  complainings:  480 
•*  Such,  O  Euryalus,  do  I  behold  thee  ?     And  couldst  thou,  the  only 
Cheer  of  my  old  age,  leave  me  alone,  in  this  bitter  bereavement. 
Cruelly  ?     When  thou  wast  sent  on  so  risky  and  bootless  adventures. 
Was  there  not  granted  thy  sorrowing  mother  the  boon  of  a  farewell  ? 
Ah  !  on  an  unknown  strand  thou  art  lying  the  prey  of  the  Latin  485 

Dogs  and  the  vultures;  nor  have  I,  thy  mother,  for  burial  laid  thee 
Out,  nor  have  closed  thine  eyes,  nor  have  washed  thy  wounds  in  enshrouding 
Thee  in  the  winding  sheet,  which  I  day  and  night  was  unwearied 
Weaving,  the  web  with  which  I  was  soothing  the  cares  of  my  dotage  ! 
Where  shall  I  follow  ?     What  land  is  now  thy  dismembered  and  mangletl         4<;o 
Limbs,  and  thy  lacerate  carcass,  possessing  ?     Ls  this  of  thyself,  son. 
All  thou  returnest  me  ?     'i'his  what  o'er  land  and  sea  I  have  followed  ? 
Stab  me,  if  aught  of  compassion  is  yours,  ye  Rutulians:  ;.ll  your 
Weafwns  concentre  on  me,  me  first  with  the  scimitar  slaughter  ! 
Or,  O  thou  father  supreme  of  the  deities,  pity  and  down  this  495 

Odious  head  into  Tartarus  hurl  with  a  shaft  of  thy  lightning. 
Since  I  can  sever  this  cruel  life  by  this  medium  only  I" 

Thus  by  her  tears  were  their  spirits  unner\'ed,  as  the  wail  01  her  anguish 
Thrills  through  them  all,  and  their  energies  palsied  are  torpid  for  battles. 
Hence,  as  she  kindles  their  sorrow,  Iiheus  anti  Actor,  by  order  500 

Prompt  of  Ilioneus  sad,  and  abundantly  weeping  iQlus, 
Take  her  between  their  hands,  and  replace  her  again  in  her  dwelling. 

But  on  its  resonant  brass  hath  the  trumpet  its  terrible  larum 
Sounded  afar;  a  clamor  ensues  and  the  welkin  reln-'llows; 
Onward  the  Volsci  are  charging  abreast,  'neath  a  shelter  of  bucklers,  505 


I  78  THE    ^NEID. 

Pressing  to  fill  up  the  trenches,  and  open  a  breach  in  the  breastwork; 

Part  of  them  seek  the  approach,  and  the  walls  to  ascend  with  their  ladders — 

There  where  the  line  is  the  thinnest,  and  light  gleams  bright  through  the  circle 

Not  yet  closed  by  the  soldiers.     The  Teucrans  are  pouring  against  them 

Every  species  of  weapons,  and  thrusting  them  down  with  their  hard  poles,        510 

Trained  from  of  old  by  a  long-waged  war  in  defending  entrenchments. 

Rocks  of  a  ruinous  weight  they  were  rolling  adown,  if  by  any 

Means  they  may  shatter  their  shield-roofed  ranks:  yet  though  every  hazard 

Glad  to  endure,  the  assaulters  are,  under  the  screen  of  their  bucklers, 

Still  insufficient;  for  where  the  stupendous  array  is  converging,  515 

There  a  prodigious  mass  are  the  Teucrans  rolling  and  tumbling. 

Which  hath  Rutulians  strewn  round  widely  and  crumbled  their  armored 

Screen,  nor  do  daring  Rutulians  care  to  contend  with  the  war-god 

Blindfolded  longer;  but  strive  to  dislodge  the  besieged  from  their  breastwork 

Merely  with  missiles: — .  •  520 

There,  in  a  different  part,  was  Mezentius,  horrid  of  aspect, 
Waving  a  Tuscan  pine,  and  applies  the  fumiferous  fire-brand; 
While  Messapus,  the  trainer  of  horses,  and  offspring  of  Neptune, 
Breaches  the  breastwork,  and  clamors  for  ladders  to  mount  to  the  ramparts. 

You,  O  Calliope  chiefly,  I  pray  now  inspire  me  in  singing,  525 

What  were  the  slaughters  and  havocs,  that  then,  and  there,  with  his  broad sv.'ord, 
Turnus  achieved:  what  hero  each  champion  hurried  to  Orcus, 
Come  ye,  and  with  me  unroll  the  voluminous  files  of  the  warfare, 
For  you  remember,  ye  muses,  and  you  have  the  power  to  recall  them. 

There  was  a  tower  of  marvellous  height,  and  with  bridges  as  lofty,  530 

Standing  in  sightly  position,  which  all  the  Italians,  with  utmost 
Effort,  were  striving  to  storm,  and  with  utmost  stretch  of  exertion 
Raze:  while  the  Trojans  against  them  essayed  to  defend  it  with  boulders. 
Hurling  the  meanwhile  thickly  their  darts  through  its  circular  loopholes. 
Foremost  hath  Turnus  a  blazing  flambeau  flung  at  the  beetling  535 

Tower,  and  it  fastened  its  flame  on  its  side,  which,  by  plenteous  breezes, 
Caught  in  the  timbers,  and  clung  to  the  charred  and  inflammable  door-posts. 
Wildered  the  inmates  trepidant  shrank,  and  in  vain  from  their  perils 
Fain  would  have  made  their  escape.     As  they  huddle  together,  and  backward 
Crouch  in  the  part  that  is  free  from  the  scourge,  lo!  the  tower,  by  their  dead  weight, 
Sagged  of  a  sudden,  and  all  of  the  firmament  rings  with  the  crash  of  its  tumble. 
Half-dead  down  to  the  earth,  with  the  great  mass  falling  upon  them. 
Pierced  by  each  other's  weapons,  and  gored  in  their  breasts  by  the  rigid 
Splinters,  they  come  down  headlong.     Only  Helenor  and  Lycus 
Barely  escaped,  and  of  these  in  his  youthful  prime  was  Helenor,  545 


BOOK    IX. 


/V 


Whom  to  M.Tonia's  monarch  his  vassal  I.tcymnia  furtive 

Bore,  atul  had  sent  him,  though  under  prohibited  armor,  to  Troja; 

Light  was  he  anncd  with  a  naked  sword,  and  unblazonetl  his  white  targe: 

He,  when  he  saw  himself  there  in  the  midst  of  the  thousands  of  Turnus, 

Saw,  too,  standiii)^  on  this  side  and  that  the  array  of  the  Latins;  550 

Just  as  a  wild  beast,  thickly  beset  with  a  circle  of  hunters, 

Raves  at  the  weaiK)ns  that  gird  him,  and  fully  aware  of  his  death-doom. 

Plunges  u|X)n,  and  is  Ixjrne  at  a  bound  o'er  the  spears  of  the  huntsmen; 

So  does  the  young  man,  certain  of  death,  in  the  midst  of  the  focmen, 

Rush,  and  advances  wherever  he  sees  that  the  weapons  are  thickest.  555 

Lycus,  far  fleeter  of  foot,  through  the  midst  of  the  foe  and  their  armor, 

Dashing,  the  meanwhile  scuds  to  the  walls,  and  endeavors  to  seize  fast 

Hold  of  their  lofty  eaves  with  his  hand,  and  to  reach  his  associates'  right  hands. 

Turnus  pursuing  him,  equal  in  |xice  on  the  run,  with  his  weafxjn. 

Taunts  him  as  contjueror  thus:  "  And  dost  thou  then,  simpleton,  haply  560 

Hope  to  escape  from  my  hands  ?"     And  at  once  he  remorselessly  grabs  him 

Dangling,  and  dashes  him  back  with  a  plentiful  part  of  the  bulwark; 

Just  as  when  Jupiter's  armor-bearer,  with  talony  clutches 

Swooping  has  carried  aloft  a  hare,  or  a  swan  with  its  snow-white 

Form;  or  a  wolf  of  Mars  has  purloined  from  the  stables  a  tender  565 

Lamb  by  its  mother  with  piteous  bleating  bemoaned.     There  on  all  sides 

Rises  a  clamor:  they  charge,  antl  the  trenches  fill  up  with  embankment; 

Others  are  tossing  the  blazing  torches  aloft  on  the  roof-tops. 

Stretches  Ilioneus  low  with  a  rock,  and  a  piece  of  a  mountain 

Massy,  Lucetius,  just  as  he  enters  the  gate  and  is  swinging  a  firebrand;  570 

Liger  Emathion  levels,  Asilas  beheads  Corynnsus, 

One  an  e.v[x,'rt  with  the  javelin,  the  other  with  arrow  at  long  range: 

Caeneus  disjxitches  Ortygius,  Turnus  smites  Cxneus  the  victor, 

Turnus  slays  Itys,  Clonius,  Dioxippus,  Promolus, 

Sagaris  also,  and  Idas,  while  standing  in  front  of  the  high  towers;  575 

Capys  dispatches  Prinerus,  whom  erewhile  the  lance  of  Themilla 

Slightly  had  grazed,  and  he  recklessly  throwing  away  his  envelope, 

Covered  the  wound  with  his  left  hand,  and  hence  on  its  pinions  an  arrow 

Speeding,  his  hand  to  his  left  siile  pinned,  and  embedded  within  them 

Burrowed  the  vents  of  his  breath  by  the  deadly  wound  it  inflicted  :  5S0 

Near  there  was  standing  in  gorgeous  equipment  the  offspring  of  .Greens, 

Decked  with  a  needle-embroidered  mantle,  and  linght  in  Hiberian 

Purple,  of  splendid  appearance,  whom  .Arcens  his  father  had  sent  forth. 

Reared  in  the  grove  of  his  mother  around  the  Symxthian  streamlets. 

Where  are  the  reeking  and  placable  altars  of  patron  Palicus.  585 


l8o  THE    ^NEID. 

Dropping  his  lances  Mezentius  himself,  as  he  saw  him,  a  whizzing 
Sling  whirled  thrice  by  its  tight  thong  round  his  head    and  discharging 
Point  blank,  right  in  the  middle,  his  temples  in  twain  with  the  molten 
Bullet  divided,  and  stretched  him  sprawled  on  the  ample  arena. 

Then  did  Ascanius  first  in  a  battle,  a  feathery  arrow  590 

Aim,  it  is  stated — before  he  was  wont  to  intimidate  wild  beast 
Timidly  fleeing — and  felled  with  his  hand  the  intrepid  Numanus; 
Remulus  once  was  his  name,  and  he  lately  had  wedded  a  younger 
Sister  of  Turnus,  and  so  was  allied  by  the  tenure  of  marriage. 
He,  in  the  fore-front  ranks,  words  fit  and  unfit  to  be  uttered,  595 

Bawling  aloud,  was,  inflated  in  heart  by  his  recent  dominion. 
Strutting  about  and  by  clamor  attesting  his  mighty  importance  : 
"  Are  n't  you  ashamed  to  be  once  more  cooped  by  a  siege  in  entrenchments, 
Twice  caught  Phrygian  captives,  to  screen  you  from  death  by  your  breastworks  ? 
See  now  the  heroes  who  sue  for  themselves  our  espousals  by  warfare  !  600 

Who  is  the  god,  or  what  madness  has  on  to  Italia  urged  you  ? 
Here  are  no  sons  of  Atreus,  nor  crafty-of-speaking  Ulysses; 
Hardy  by  nature  our  race,  and  our  sons  we  at  once  to  the  rivers 
Carry  at  birth,  and  inure  them  to  bitterest  cold  in  their  waters; 
Brisk  are  our  boys  in  hunting,  and  weary  the  forests  in  practice,  605 

Managing  horses  and  shooting  their  shafts  from  the  bow  is  their  pastime; 
Patient  of  toil  are  our  braves,  and  accustomed  to  suffer  privation. 
Tilling  the  soil  with  their  mattocks,  and  garrisons  shaknig  m  warfare. 
All  our  life-time  is  frittered  with  steel,  and  we  goad  with  inverted 
Lances  the  backs  of  our  bullocks,  nor  ever  does  indolent  old  age  610 

Weaken  the  force  of  our  soul,  nor  diminish  our  vigor  of  manhood. 
We  with  the  helmet  our  gray  locks  press,  and  it  ever  delights  us 
New-found  plunder  to  carry  away,  ana  we  live  by  our  rapine. 
Yours  is  a  vesture  embroidered  with  saffron,  and  gleaming  in  purple; 
Sloth  is  the  joy  of  your  heart;  ye  delight  to  indulge  in  the  dances,  615 

Aye,  and  your  tunics  have  sleeves  !  and  your  bonnets  have  ribbons  !  O  downright 
Phrygian  women  !  for  Phrygian  men  ye  are  not;  to  your  lofty 
Dindyma  go,  where  the  pipe  plays  a  two-toned  tune  to  the  wonted. 
There  Berecynthian  timbrels,  and  lute  of  your  Idaean  mother 
Summon  you;  leave  then  armor  to  men  and  surrender  the  sabre."  620 

Him  thus  ranting  bravadoes,  and  chanting  such  infamous  insults. 
Brooked  not  Ascanius;  turning  around  he  a  shaft  on  his  horse-hair 
Bowstring  leveled  upon  him,  and  stretching  his  arms  to  the  utmost, 
Paused,  and  in  suppliance  first  he  to  Jupiter  jirayed  with  a  votive  : 
"O  omnipotent  Jupiter  nod  to  my  daring  adventure;  625 


BOOK    IX.  l8l 

I  in  ihy  temples  will  willingly  offer  thee  solemn  oblations, 

Yea,  and  will  station  in  front  of  thine  altars  a  bullock  with  giUIrd 

Forehead,  unblemished,  and  Iwarinj;  his  head  on  a  par  with  his  mother: 

One  that  now  butts  with  his  horns,  and  that  scatters  the  8.md  with  his  forc-fetl," 

Listened  the  father  of  heaven,  and  thimdcre»!  assent  from  the  tranquil  630 

Sky  on  the  left  :  in  a  twinkle  there  twanj^a-d  the  f.itiferous  l)ow-stnng. 

Sjx'd,  with  a  horrit)le  whizzin^j,  the  back-drawn  feathery  arrow; 

Right  through  Remulus'  hcail  it  came,  and  his  s^H:kety  temples 

Pierced  with  its  steel.     "  Go,  bluster  at  valor  in  insolent  railmg  ! 

Twice  caught  Phrygians  back  to  Rutulians  send  these  responses."  635 

This  much  Ascanius  answers  :  the  Teucrans  with  deafening  plaudit 

Shout  in  exhilarant  glee,  and  their  spirit  exalt  to  the  planets. 

Then,  as  it  chanced,  from  the  regions  of  x-ther,  the  crested  Apollo 
Down  on  Ausonia's  battle-array,  and  the  city  was  gazing. 

Perched  on  a  cloud,  and  thus  he  addresses  the  victor  liilus  :  640 

"  On  in  thy  new-won  valor,  my  boy  ;  so  the  way  to  the  stars  goes. 
Deity-born,  to  become  a  begetter  of  gods  !     It  is  fitting 
All  wars  destined  to  come  should  be  under  Assaracus"  peerage 
Peacefully  settled  :  no  Troja  confines  thee."     He.  soon  as  he  spake  this. 
Plunges  from  loftiest  wther.  and  cleaves  through  the  whisjxrring  breezes,  645 

Seeking  -Ascanius.     Then  he  is  changed  in  the  form  of  his  features 
Into  the  elderly  Butes,  who  late  was  the  Dardan  Anchi.ses' 
Armor-bearer,  and  before  was  the  trusty  guard  of  his  thresholds  : 
Then  had  his  father  assigned  him  to  he  as  Ascanius'  escort. 

Just,  like  the  old  man  was,  in  his  voice  and  complexion,  .Apollo  650 

Marching  with  hoary  locks,  and  his  armor  of  ominous  rattle. 
And  he  in  these  terms  sagely  addresses  the  ardent  lillus  : 
"  Let  it  suffice  thee,  O  son  of  .i+Incas,  that  safe  hath  Numanus 
Died  by  thy  weapons  :  this  early  distinction  the  mighty  .\|X)llo 
Kindly  accords,  nor  envies  thee  even  competitive  armor  :  655 

Cease,  l)oy,  longer  to  meddle  with  war."     So  saying  .Apollo 
Started,  and  left  in  the  midst  of  his  speech  the  observance  of  mortals. 
Vanishing  far  from  their  eyes,  on  the  thin  and  intangible  bree-es. 
Veteran  sons  of  Dardanus  knew  both  the  gixl  and  his  go<J-like 
Wea|K)ns,  and  heard,  in  his  flight,  the  |X)rtenloiis  clank  of  his  quiver.  660 

Therefore,  o'erawed  by  the  words  and  the  presence  of  Pha-bus,  though  eager 
Still  for  the  fight,  they  .Ascanius  check;  they  themselves  in  the  contests 
Enter  again,  and  adventure  their  lives  in  the  obvious  hazards. 

Shouts  on  the  battlements  Ixxim  through  the  whole  extent  of  the  breastworks; 
Bend  they  their  jxjwerful  bows,  and  hurl  their  adjustable  sting-darts.  665 


1 82  THE    ^NEID. 

Strewn  is  the  whole  soil  thick  with  the  weapons  :  then  bucklers  and  hollow 

Helmets  resound  with  the  whacks,  and  uproarious  rises  the  combat; 

Just  as  the  rain,  as  it  comes  from  the  west  in  the  time  of  the  rain-kids. 

Lashes  the  ground,  and  precipitous  down,  are,  with  many  a  hail-stone, 

Swooping  the  clouds  on  the  depths,  and  appallingly  Jove  by  his  south-winds    670 

Hurls  the  watery  tempest,  and  ruptures  in  heaven  the  cave-mists. 

Pandarus,  meanwhile,  and  Bitias — sons  of  Alcanor  of  Ida, 

Whom  in  Jupiter's  grove  brought  forth  laera  the  wood-nymph, 

Warriors  lofty  as  pines,  and  as  tall  as  their  national  mountains — 

Open  the  portal  assigned  them  by  order  express  of  their  leader,  675 

Trusting  their  armor,  and  boldly  the  foemen  invite  in  the  ramparts. 

They  though  within  on  the  right  and  the  left,  like  towers  are  standing 

Armored  in  steel,  and  their  tall  heads  sparkling  with  glittering  plumage, 

Just  like  a  pair  of  aerial  oaks,  that  around  by  the  flowing 

Streams,  or  the  banks  of  the  Po,  or  along  by  the  Athesis  lovely  6S0 

Rise;  and,  uplifting  their  unshorn  heads  in  defiance  to  heaven. 

Nod,  as  they  wave  in  the  breeze,  with  their  summits  sublimely  exalted. 

In  burst  free  the  Rutulians,  soon  as  they  see  the  approaches  thrown  open. 

Instantly  Quercens,  and  chieftain  Aquicolus,  brilliant  in  armor, 

Tmarus  the  reckless  of  soul,  and  with  them,  Mavortian  Haemon,  6S5 

Either  have  turned  with  their  whole  brigades  their  backs  and  retreated, 

Or  they  have  laid  down  life  on  the  very  sill  of  the  gateway. 

Then  in  the  combatants'  souls  are  increasing  intenser  resentments; 

Yea  and  the  Trojans  collected  already  are  massed  at  the  same  point, 

Battling  hand  to  hand,  and  they  venture  to  sally  beyond  it.  690 

Soon  to  the  champion  Turnus,  in  rage  in  a  different  quarter 
Putting  the  heroes  to  rout,  is  the  news  conveyed  that  the  foemen 
Glow  with  a  recent  slaughter  and  offer  a  wide  open  gateway. 
Prompt  he  abandons  his  effort,  and,  roused  by  a  savage  resentment, 
Rushes  away  to  Dardania's  gate,  and  the  insolent  brothers:  695 

And  he  Antiphates  first,  for  he  first  was  careering  to  meet  him. 
Born  of  a  Theban  mother,  the  natural  son  of  exalted  Sarpedon, 
Felled  by  a  quick  hurled  dart:  forth  flits  the  Italian  cornel. 
Blithe  through  the  yielding  air,  and,  infixed  in  his  stomach,  it  passes 
Deep  in  his  breast,  and  the  den  of  the  dark  wound  renders  a  frothy  700 

Wave,  and  the  steel  in  his  transfixed  lungs  grows  warm  in  its  passage. 
Then  does  he  Meropes,  Erymans  fell  by  his  hand,  then  Aphidnus; 
Then  fells  Bitias  fierv  of  eye  and  of  furious  spirit, 
Not  with  a  dart,  for  he  would  not  have  yielded  his  life  to  a  javelin. 
But  there  comes  a  contorted,  and  mightily  whizzing  falaric  705 


BOOK    IX.  183 

Launched,  like  a  thundcrt)olt,  forth,  which  not  two  impervious  bull's  hides, 

No,  nor  his  trusty  mail  with  its  duplicate  plating;  and  gold-work. 

Even  could  stand;  and,  collapsingly  tumble  his  lumt)cring  mcml>ers: 

Earth  ^ivcs  a  groan  as  his  buckler  ponderous  thunders  upon  hitn 

Such  as  on  Baux's  Kuboican  sca-bcach  a  break-water  rocky  710 

Sometimes  sinks,  which  constructed  of  monstrous  masses  beforeh  ind. 

Workmen  eml)ed  in  the  deep:  just  so  it  mc^reover  a  ruin 

Downwanl  sweeps,  as  it  settles  submerged  deep  down  in  the  waters: 

Seas  are  embroiled,  and  the  dark  sands  upward  are  borne  from  the  bottom: 

Then  with  a  roar  steep  Prochyta  quakes,  and  Inarime's  crusty  715 

Bed  on  Typhteus  im|X)sed  by  Jupiter's  sentencing  mandate. 

Here  the  armi[xjtent  Mars  to  the  Italian  heroes  a  spirit 
Added,  and,  deep  in  their  bosoms,  applying  his  irritant  rowels, 
Sends  forth  Panic,  and  grim-faced  Fear  in  the  midst  of  the  Teucrans. 
Crowd  they  on  all  sides,  since  there  is  granted  them  plenty  of  fighting:  730 

And  on  each  soul  is  alighting  the  war-god: — 

Pandarus,  as  he  descries,  in  the  sprawling  carcass,  his  brother. 
And  in  what  posture  is  fortune,  what  jeojxirdy  threatens  their  welfare. 
Now  by  a  jxiwerful  effort,  the  gate  on  its  pivoted  hinges 

Swings,  as  he  pushes  with  brawny  shoulders,  and  many  a  townsman  725 

Leaves  outside  of  the  walls,  and  exposed  to  the  arduous  contest: 
But  he  includes  with  himself,  and  receives  as  they  hurry  in,  others; 
Fool  !  that  he  did  not  behold  the  Rutulian  king  in  the  column's 
Centre  inrushing,  and  shut  him,  as  if  by  design,  in  the  city, 
Just  like  a  ravenous  tiger  amid  pusillanimous  cattle.  730 

Instantly  new  light  flashed  from  his  glistening  eyes,  and  his  armor 
Horribly  rattled:  the  blood-red  plumes  on  the  cone  of  his  helmet 
Tremble,  and  out  of  his  buckler  he  launches  irradiant  lightnings. 
Suddenly  smitten  with  fright,  the  .'Kneans  distinguish  his  hated 
Face  and  enormous  limbs.     Then  giant  Pandarus  forward  735 

Leaps,  and  ablaze  with  intensest  wrath  at  the  death  of  his  brother, 
Speaks  out  :   '♦  This  is  no  doweried  palace  of  queenly  Amata  ! 
This  is  not  Ardea's  midst  that  may  hold  in  the  walls  of  his  country 
Turnus:  thou  seest  the  enemy's  camp,  and  no  power  to  depiri  hence  I" 
Scornfully  smiling  upon  him  with  bosom  immovable  Tumus:  740 

"  On,  if  there's  aught  of  a  man  in  thy  soul,  and  encounter  this  right  hand  I 
So  shalt  thou  tell  it  to  Priam,  that  here  thou  hast  found  an  Achilles  !  " 
Spake  he:  the  former  his  spear,  all  gnarlly  with  knots  and  with  crude  bark. 
Hurls,  and  he  bends  to  the  effort  with  all  his  available  vigor: 
Breezes  have  caught  it;  the  oncoming  wound  hath  Satumian  Juno  745 


184  •  THE    ^NEID. 

Parried  aside,  and  his  spear  hangs  fixed  in  the  opposite  gate-way. 

"  But  thou  shalt  not  so  escape  from  this  weapon  which  firmly  my  right  hand 

Wields,  for  the  owner  of  weapon  and  source  of  its  wounds  is  another." 

So  he  exclaims,  and  uprises  aloft  on  his  elevate  broad-sword, 

And  with  its  keen  steel,  right  in  the  centre  between  his  temples,  his  forehead    750 

Cleaves,  and  with  hideous  gash  as  it  passes  dissevers  his  beardless 

Cheeks:  there  arises  a  crash,  and  the  earth  with  his  lumbering  weight  shook: 

Dying  he  sprawls  on  the  ground,  his  collapsing  joints  and  his  armor 

Spattered  with  brains,  and  in  equal  divisions  his  head,  as  it  rolled  back, 

Hither  and  thither  hung  down  unsightly  on  each  of  his  shoulders.  755 

Turning  now  scatter  the  Trojans  in  trepidant  panic  asunder; 
Yea,  and  had  promptly  the  fortunate  thought  have  occurred  to  the  victor, 
Then  to  have  sundered  the  bars  with  his  hands  and  admitted  his  comrades, 
That  might  have  proved  as  the  terminal  day  of  the  war  and  the  nation; 
But  his  impetuous  fury,  and  maddening  craving  for  carnage,  760 

Drove  him  ablaze  on  the  foemen: — 

He  at  the  outset  catches  Phaleres,  and  with  him  the  ham-strung 
Gyges:  hence  seizing  the  spears  of  the  fugitive  soldiers,  he  plies  them 
Sharp  in  their  rear;  for  Juno  supplies  him  with  vigor  and  valor: 
Halys  he  adds  as  an  escort,  and  Phegeus,  pierced  through  his  buckler.  765 

Then  unawares  on  the  walls,  as  they  rally  their  troops  for  the  onset, 
Slays  he  Alcander,  and  Halius,  slays,  too,  Noemon,  Prytanis. 
Lynceus,  rushing  to  meet  him,  and  calling  aloud  on  his  comrades. 
He,  as  he  dexterous  leans  from  the  breastwork,  with  his  brandishing  broadsw''>rd 
Slashes;  his  head,  by  a  single  stroke  of  the  weapon  at  close  range,  770 

Cast  off  afar  with  his  helmet  lay.     Then  the  waster  of  wild  beasts, 
Amycus,  also  he  slaughters,  than  whom  no  other  was  apter 
Known  in  anointing  a  weapon,  and  arming  its  steel  with  a  poison. 
Clytius,  Coins'  son,  too,  and  Cretheus,  a  friend  to  the  Muses, 
Cretheus  a  mate  of  the  Muses,  whose  sonnets  and  harp  were  forever  775 

Dear  to  his  heart,  and  he  tuning  its  strings  to  melodious  measures, 
Ever  was  singing  of  steeds,  and  of  arms  and  the  battles  of  heroes. 

Teucran  commanders  at  length,  as  they  hear  of  the  slaughter  of  allies. 
Gather  together;  and  Mnestheus,  and  dauntlessly  eager  Sergestus, 
See  their  associates  pallid  with  fright,  and  the  foeman  admitted.         [rades:]  7S0 
Mnestheus:  "  Where,  at  length,  where  are  ye  bendingyour  flight,"  says  he,  "com- 
Have  ye  still  other  defenses,  still  further  ulterior  ramparts  ? 
Say,  shall  a  single  foeman,  O  citizens,  hedged  all  round  by  your  breastworks, 
Thus  with  impunity,  make  through  your  city  such  horrible  havoc  ? 
Shall  he  dispatch  so  many  an  eminent  hero  to  Orcus  ?  785 


O,  for  your  suffering  country,  your  );<kIs,  and  the  mi;;hty  /Kncas, 
Have  you,  yc  cowartis,  no  shame  anti  no  sense  of  dishonor  within  you  ?" 

Fired  hy  such  chidin^^s  they  halt,  and,  amassin);  to>;cthcr  in  column. 
Rally.     Hy  little  and  little  now  Turnus  retires  from  the  contest, 
Scekinjj  the  stream,  ant!  the  quarter  hej^irt  by  its  sheltering  hillow,  790 

Fiercer  the  Teiicrans,  with  Ixjisteroiis  clamor  are  pressing  u|»n  him: 
Cluster  around  him  a  legion;  as  when  on  a  savage  lion  a  rabble 
Steadily  close  with  inimical  wea|x>ns;  he,  frightened  ..nd  goaded, 
Wrathfiilly  glowering,  backward  retreats,  and  neither  his  wrath  nor  his  prowess 
Let  him  exhibit  his  back;  nor,  however  desirous  to  venture,  795 

Has  he  the  courage  to  press  through  the  weafx)ns  and  hunters  around  him: 
Just  so  Turnus,  as  hesitant,  slowly  his  measuring  footsteps 
Backward  withdraws,  though  his  mind  is  intensely  a  lx)il  with  resentment. 
Nay,  but  he  twice  did  make  an  assault  on  the  midst  of  his  foemen; 
Twice  did  he,  turning,  drive  back  to  the  walls  their  scattering  columns.  Soo 

But  the  entire  reserve  quick  crowd  from  the  camps  in  a  Ixxly, 
Nor  does  Saturnian  Juno  dare  to  supply  him  with  needful 
Amior  and  vigor,  for  Jupiter  down  from  the  heavens  lieforehand 
Iris  hath  sciit  to  convey  no  gentle  commands  to  her  sister, 
Should  not  Turnus  withdraw  from  the  lofty  redoubts  of  the  Teucrans.  S05 

Therefore  the  champion  could  not,  either  with  buckler  or  right  hand. 
Cope  with  surh  odds;  he  is  so  by  the  weapons  projected  from  all  sides 
Whelmed.     With  a  ceaseless  tinkle,  around  his  sockety  temples 
Rattles  his  helm,  and  its  solid  brass  by  their  cobbles  as  battered.  [Sio 

Down  from  his  forehead  were  stricken  his  plumes,  and  the  boss  of  his  buckler 
Bides  not  the  blows:  with  their  lances  the  Trojans  am!  thundering  Mncstheus 
Wrathful  redouble  their  thrusts.    From  the  whole  of  his  Inxly  the  sweat-drops 
Stream,  and  the  pitchy  flow — for  he  has  not  the  power  to  recover 
Breath — pours  down,  and  a  laboring  panting  (prvers  his  wracketl  limbs. 

Then  he  at  length,  by  a  heaillong  leap,  with  the  whole  of  his  armor  S15 

Plunged  in  the  current:  it  free  on  its  yellowish  eddies  receives  him 
Coming,  and  bearing  him  tenderly  off  on  its  lenient  billows. 
Sent  him,  all  washed  from  his  carnage,  exultingly  back  to  his  comrades. 


BOOK  X. 


Council  of  gods  in  Olympus :  the  battle's  renewal,  and  Pallas 
Slaughtered  by  Turnus;  Mezentius  slain  and  his  son  by  tineas. 

Meanwhile  is  thrown  wide  open  the  home  of  almighty  Olympus, 
Whither  the  father  of  gods,  and  the  sovereign  of  mortals,  a  council 
Calls  to  his  starry  throne,  whence  he  gazes  sublime  on  the  landscapes 
All,  and  afar  on  the  camps  of  the  Dardans,  aynd  tribes  of  the  Latins: 
They  in  the  two-front  halls  take  seat,  and  he  opens  the  conclave:  5 

*'  Mighty  indwellers  of  heaven,  from  whence  hath  the  sentiment  in  you 
Changed  for  the  worse,  that  ye  quarrel  thus  only  in  partizan  spirit  ? 
I  had  not  willed  that  Italia  engage  in  a  war  with  the  Teucrans; 
What  is  this  wrangle  against  my  behest  ?  or  what  fear  hath  persuaded 
These,  or  those  to  take  arms,  and  provoke  a  resort  to  the  sabre  ?  10 

Time  for  legitimate  fighting  will  come — and  do  not  forestall  it — 
When  on  the  Roman  castles  imperious  Carthage  hereafter 
Mighty  destruction  shall  launch,  and  shall  open  the  Alps  in  invasion: 
Then  will  your  struggle  in  malice,  and  scramble  for  issues  be  licit: 
Now  let  it  be,  and  accordantly  sanction  a  peaceful  alliance."  15 

Jupiter  thus  much  briefly;  but  not  so  briefly  the  golden 
Venus  replies: 

"  Father  eternal,  thou  sovereign  disposer  of  men  and  of  empires. 
Thou — for  what  else  can  there  be,  or  who  now  can  we  sue  for  assistance  ? — 
Seest  how  insolent  now  the  Rutulians  are,  and  how  Turnus  20 

Haughtily  rides  through  the  midst  with  his  steeds,  and  how  flushed  with  successful 
Mars  he  careers  !     No  longer  do  closed  walls  shelter  the  Teucrans; 
Nay,  they  inside  of  their  portals,  and  e'en  on  the  mounds  of  their  breastworks 
Mingle  in  fights,  and  the  trenches  around  are  o'erflowing  with  carnage. 
Then,  too,  ^neas,  unknowing,  is  absent:  and  wilt  thou,  then,  never  25 

^.86; 


BOOK    X.  l>^7 

I.ct  them  be  free  from  investment  ?     Ajfain  does  an  enemy  threaten 

New-born  'I'roja's  defences;  agam  docs  an  arniy  attack  them. 

Once  more,  too,  on  the  Teiicrans  upstarts  from  if-'tolian  Arpi 

Tydcus'  son.     I  presume  that  my  wounds  at  his  mercy  abide  mc: 

Aye,  and  that  I  thine  offspring  must  wail  the  assaults  of  a  mortal  !  30 

If  have  without  thy  concurrence  and  sovereign  |x:rmis.si(»n,  the   Icucrans 

Sought  for  Italia,  let  them  atone  for  the  tre.s|xiss,  and  aid  them 

Not  by  thy  succor;  but  if  they  have  followed  so  many  resjxjnsts. 

Which  both  sujx-rnals  and  ghosts  have  imjwrted,  why  now  can  there  any 

Agency  thwart  thy  commands,  and  establish  new  destinies  for  them  '  35 

Why  here  repeat  how  their  shipping  was  burned  on  the  sea-beach  of  Ery.x  ? 

Why,  loo,  refer  to  the  monarch  of  storms,  and  the  furious  tempests. 

Roused  in  AloWa,  or  Iris  dispatched  on  the  clouds  with  a  message  ? 

Now,  too,  she  even  infernais — that  yet  unattempted  remaining 

Set  of  contingencies — musters,  and  loose  hath  Allecto  in  upper  40 

Realms,  as  a  Bacchanal,  raved  through  the  midst  of  Italian  cities. 

Naught  am  I  influenced  now  by  supremacy — that  we  expected 

While  there  was  fortune:  let  those  thou  preferesl  should  conquer  now  conquer. 

If  iherp  is  any  retreat,  which  thy  rigorous  spouse  to  the  Teucrans 

OtTers,  I,  even  by  desolate  Troja's  smouldering  ruins,  45 

Father,  adjure  thee,  O  let  me  Ascanius  send  from  the  conflicts 

Safely  away,  and  my  grandson  allow  to  sur\'ivc  the  disaster. 

Let,  if  it  need  be,  /t-neas  be  tossed  on  the  unknown  waves  of  the  ocean; 

Let  him  pursue  thus  whatever  direction  his  fortune  affords  him: 

This  one  O  let  me  protect,  and  withtlraw  from  the  terrible  combat.  50 

There  is  my  Amathus,  there  is  my  Paphus,  and  lofty  Cythera, 

There  my  Idalian  homes:  there  let  him,  his  armor  abandoned, 

Spend  an  inglorious  life.     BitI  Carthage  in  grinding  oppression 

Burden  Ausonia:  nothing  from  him  shall  the  Tyrian  cities 

Thwart.     What  delights  can  it  be  to  escape  from  the  scourge  of  a  warfare  '       55 

What  to  have  fled  through  the  midst  of  .Argolican  burnings  in  safely  ? 

What  to  have  weathered  so  many  a  peril  of  land  and  the  va^t  sea. 

While  the  Teucrans  are  Latium  and  renovate  Pergamus  seeking  ? 

Were  it  not  better  to  squat  on  the  last  ash-heap  of  their  country. 

But  on  the  soil  where  their  Troja  hath  been  ?     O  restore  to  the  outcasts,  60 

Father,  I  pray  thee,  their  Xanthus  and  Samols:  grant  that  the  Teucrans 

Roll  through  their  Ilian  hazards  again."     Then  imjxrnal  Juno, 

Stirred  by  a  violent  frenzy:  '*  Why  force  me  to  break  the  profoundest 

Silence,  and  so  to  divulge  in  expression  my  smothered  resentment  ? 

Who,  pray,  of  men,  or  of  gods,  has  compelled  thine  .-Uneas  to  take  up  65 


1 88  THE    ^NEID. 

Arms,  and  to  thrust  himself  as  a  foe  on  the  monarch  Latinus  ? 

He,  by  the  guidance  of  fate,  hath  Italia  sought  !     Be  it  rather 

Prompted  by  warnings  of  crazy  Cassandra.     And  did  we  advise  him 

Then,  to  abandon  his  camps,  and  his  life  to  commit  to  the  wild  winds  ? 

Aye,  and  to  trust  the  event  of  the  war  and  his  walls  to  a  stripling  ?  70 

Yes,  and  unsettle  Tyrrhenian  faith,  and  the  quieted  nations  ? 

Tell  me,  what  god,  or  what  rigorous  potence  of  ours  on  the  mischief 

Drove  him  !     Where's  Juno,  or  Iris  dispatched  on  the  clouds  in  this  case  ? 

So  it  is  base  for  Italians  with  flames  to  environ  the  new-born 

Troja  !  and  base,  too,  for  Turnus  to  dwell  in  the  land  of  his  fathers  !  75 

Turnus,  whose  grandsire's  Pilumnus,  whose  mother  the  goddess  Venilia  ! 

What,  is  it  naught  that  the  Trojans  with  dark  torch  threaten  the  Latins, 

Plowing  with  alien  yoke  their  fields,  and  sequestering  plunder  ? 

Naught  to  choose  fathers-in-law,  and  betrothed  brides  wrest  from  the  bosoms. 

Suing  for  peace  with  the  hand,  and  displaying  their  armor  on  ship-sterns  ?  80 

Thou  from  the  grasp  of  the  Grecians  hast  power  to  withdraw  thine  ^neas, 

Aye,  and  instead  of  a  man  to  proffer  a  mist,  and  intangible  vapor  ! 

Yes,  and  transform  his  fleet  to  as  numerous  nymphs  of  the  ocean: 

But  for  us  to  afford  the  Rutulians  succor  is  awful  ! 

Absent,  unknowing  JEneas  !     Unknowing  then  let  him  be  absent  !  85 

There  are  thy  laphus,  Idalium;  there,  too,  thy  lofty  Cythera  ! 

Why  then  attempt  a  belligerent  city,  and  hearts  that  are  dauntless  ? 

We,  to  its  base  are  essaying  to  raze,  then,  Phrygia's  crumbling 

State  !     Is  it  we  ?  or  he  who  has  thrust  on  the  Archives  his  outcast 

Trojans  ?     And  what  was  the  reason,  forsooth,  that  Europe  and  Asia  90 

Marshalled  in  arms,  and  dissolved,  through  perfidious  theft,  their  alliance? 

Guided  by  me  did  the  Dardan  adulterer  battle  with  Sparta 

Once  ?     Did  I  furnish  him  arms,  or  by  lechery  foster  the  warfare  ? 

There  it  behooves  thee  to  fear  for  thy  darlings,  but  now  thou  belated 

Risest,  and  wrongfully  wrangling,  bootlessly  handiest  banter  !"  95 

Such  was  the  pleading  of  Juno,  and  all  the  indwellers  of  heaven 
Murmured  in  varied  approval,  as  when  the  incipient  cyclones 
Rumble,  as  pent  in  the  forests  they  roll  their  indefinite  murmurs 
On,  and  afar  to  the  mariners  signal  the  gathering  tempests. 

Then  the  omnipotent  father,  whose  sway  of  affairs  is  the  highest,  100 

Speaks,  and  the  lofty  home  of  the  gods  grows  still  at  his  speaking; 
Earth  to  its  centre  has  trembled,  and  loftiest  rether  is  silent; 
Then,  as  the  zephyrs  have  hushed,  and  the  deep  held  quiet  its  surges: 
"  Take  hence  into  your  souls,  and  infix  my  behests  in  your  bosoms; 
Since  it  is  not  to  Ausonia  granted  to  join  in  a  friendly  105 


BOOK    X.  l8() 

League  with  the  Tcurrans,  nnd  this  your  contention  ndmits  of  no  ending: 

What  is  the  fortune  of  any  to-day,  or  whatever  of  hope  each 

Carves,  though  Rutulian  or  Trojan  he  be,  I  unliiased  will  hold  it, 

Whether  the  cam[)S  are  invested  in  siej^e  by  the  fates  of  the  I^itins, 

Or  by  Troja's  unlucky  mistake,  and  unfortunate  warnings.  I  to 

Nor  do  I  free  the  Rutulians:  each  one's  venture  shall  yield  him 

Labor  and  fortune;  for  Jupiter  portions  impartial  to  all  men: 

F"ates  will  discover  the  way."     By  the  streams  of  his  Stygian  brother, 

Yea,  by  the  banks  that  o'crflow  with  a  pitchy,  caliginous  whirljKKjl, 

Nods  he  approving,  and  trembletl  Olympus  throughout  as  hi-  ncnlded.  »15 

This  was  the  end  of  the  p;irley.     Then  Jupiter  steps  from  his  g(jlden 

Throne,  and  the  dwellers  in  heaven  escort  him  in  state  to  his  jialace. 

Meanwhile  around  each  gate  are  Rutulians  pressing  to  prostrate 
Foemen  in  slaughter,  and  girdle  with  flames  their  enemy's  ramparts. 
But  the  ^'Kneans' legion  is  holden  blockaded  with  breastworks:  120 

Hope  there  is  none  of  escape.     They  are  standing  forlorn  on  the  lofty 
Towers,  and  in  vain  have  environed  their  walls  with  a  scattering  picket. 
Asius,  Imbrasus"  son,  and  as  well  Hicetaon's  Thymcetes, 
Fioth  the  Assaraci  also,  and  elderly  Thymbris  with  Castor, 

Marshal  the  van,  and  attending  upon  them  are  both  of  Sarp^don's  125 

Brothers,  and  Clarus,  and  Themon  withal  from  the  Lycian  highlands. 
Straining  in  all  of  his  body  to  lift  it  a  jxjnderous  boulder — 
No  small  part  of  a  mountain — upheaves  the  Lyrnisian  Acmon, 
Not  less  strong  than  his  father  Alytius,  and  brother  Menestheus. 
These  with  their  javelins,  and  those  with  boulders  essay  to  defend  them:  13c 

Others  to  kindle  a  bonfire,  and  arrows  adapt  to  the  l>owstring. 

Lo  !  in  their  midst,  the  Dardanian  boy,  the  deservedly  cherished 
Darling  of  Venus  himself,  with  his  beautiful  forehead  uncovered. 
Gleams  like  a  gem  that  divides  the  yellowish  gold  in  its  setting. 
Ornament  meet  for  the  neck,  or  the  head,  or  as  ivory  carving,  135 

Set  by  artificer's  skill  in  box,  or  Orician  plane-wooti, 
Glittering  shines:  his  luxuriant  locks  in  profusion  his  milk-white 
Neck  receives,  and  a  circlet  of  delicate  gold  as  a  fillet  entwines  them. 
Thee,  too,  magnanimous  nations,  O  Ismarus,  saw,  as  an  archer. 
Aiming  thy  arrows  vulnific,  and  arming  their  reeds  with  a  poison,  14c 

Noblemen  in  thy  M<ronian  home,  where  the  yeomanry  culture 
Fertilized  meads,  and  Pdctolus  irrigates  even  with  gold-dust; 
There,  too,  was  champion  Mnestheus,  whom  previous  glory  of  driving 
Turnus  away  from  the  mound  of  the  walls  is  sublimely  exalting: 
Capys,  too — hence  is  descended  the  name  of  Campania's  city.  i  i: 


IQO  THE    yENEID. 

Thus  they  among  themselves  had  engaged  in  the  strifes  of  relentless 
War,  while  ^neas  was  cleaving  the  shadowy  Tiber  at  midnight; 
For  he,  as  charged  by  Evander,  on  reaching  the  Tuscan  encampments, 
Hies  to  the  monarch,  and  states  to  the  monarch  his  name  and  extraction; 
What  he  requires,  and  what  he  proposes;  what  forces  Mezentius  150 

Wins  to  himself,  and  adduces  how  violent  also  is  Turnus' 
Bosom,  and  warns  him  how  little  reliance  in  human  contingents 
Vests,  and  immingles  entreaties:   no  dallying  follows;  but  Tarchon 
Joins  his  resources,  and  forms  an  alliance.     Unhampered  by  faith  then, 
Lydia's  clan,  at  the  deities'  orders,  embarks  in  a  squadron  155 

Led  by  a  foreign  commander.    yEneas'  imperial  flag-ship 
Pilots  in  front,  with  its  figure  a  couple  of  Phrygian  lions; 
Ida,  so  welcome  to  exiled  Trojans,  is  pendent  above  them. 
There  sits  mighty  yEneas,  and  pensively  ponders  within  him 
Varied  events  of  the  war:  while  close  by  the  champion's  left  side  160 

Seated  is  Pallas,  now  asking  of  stars,  and  the  way  in  the  dusky 
Midnight;  and  now  of  the  hero's  disasters  on  land  and  the  ocean. 

Open,  ye  goddesses,  Helicon  now,  and  awaken  my  numbers; 
Tell  me  what  troop  in  the  meantime  follows  ^neas  from  Tuscan 
Shores,  and  its  vessels  equip,  and  is  wafted  away  on  the  high  seas.  165 

Massicus  cleaves,  with  his  brazen  Tiger,  the  waters  as  vanguard; 
'Neath  him  a  troop  of  a  thousand  warriors,  who  have  the  ramparts 
Quitted  of  Clusus,  and  city  of  Cosae;  their  weapons  are  arrows: 
Light  on  their  shoulders  they  carry  their  sheaths  and  letiferous  cross-bows: 
With  them  is  glowering  Abas,  whose  whole  host  glittered  in  brilliant  170 

Armor,  and  sparkled  the  stern  of  his  ship  with  a  gilded  Apollo. 
Him  had  his  native  domain,  Populonia,  given  six  hundred 
Warriors,  trained  for  the  war:  but  Ilva  had  furnished  three  hundred — 
Ilva  an  island  which  teems  with  exhaustless  deposits  of  iron. 
Third  that  Asilas,  the  deities'  prophet  to  mortals,  to  whom  were  175 

Subject,  as  augur,  the  fibers  of  victims  and  planets  of  heaven — 
Subject  the  language  of  birds,  and  the  ominous  flashes  of  lightning — 
Hurries  a  thousand  in  crowded  array,  with  their  horrible  halberts. 
Pisa  Alphean  in  origin,  but  in  its  glebe  an  Etruscan 

City,  bids  these  obey  him.     There  follows  the  beautiful  Astyr —  180 

Astyr  so  proud  of  his  steeds,  and  his  armor  of  various  colors: 
Join  him  three  hundred;  one  mind  in  them  all  is  to  follow  their  leader: 
Those  whose  abode  is  in  C?ere,  and  they  who  on  Minio's  low-lands 
Dwell,  and  in  primitive  Pyrgi,  and  those  from  unhealthy  (iravisci. 

Nor  would  I  pass  thee  unnoticed,  in  battle  Liguria's  bravest  185 


BOOK    X.  191 

Champion,  Cinyras,  no,  nor  thcc,  fewrly  altcnclcil  Ciipavo, 

Perchcil  on  whose  helmet  the  feathery  plumes  of  a  swan  are  ansmg. 

Love  is  your  crime,  and  your  father's  form  is  your  fitting  escutcheon; 

For  they  relate  that,  in  grief  for  his  favorite  I'hacthon,  Cycnus, 

While  he  amid  the  jxjplar  boughs,  and  the  shade  of  hi»  sisters,  19c 

WarMes  and  soothes  by  his  plaintive  muse  his  lugubrious  amour, 

(Irovving  hoary  with  delicate  plumage  extendeil  his  old  age, 

leaving  the  lan«ls,  and  with  melody  soaring  away  to  the  planets. 

Proudly  his  son  in  the  squadron,  attended  by  equal  detachments. 

Onward  with  oars  his  enormous  Centaur  propels,  while  its  horrid  195 

Self  stands  over  the  water,  and  threatens  the  waves  with  a  monstrous 

Rock,  as  with  long  keel  deeply  it  furrows  the  fathomless  waters. 

Yes,  and  yon  Ocnus  musters  a  ho.st  from  the  bounds  of  his  country, 
Son  though  he  was  of  the  prophetess  Manto  and  Tiber,  the  Tuscan 
River,  who  gave  thee,  O  Mantua,  walls  and  the  name  of  his  mother —  200 

Mantua  rich  in  thine  ancestry;  but  are  not  all  of  a  single 
Lineage:  triple  her  clans,  in  each  clan  are  four  separate  peoples: 
Still  is  she  head  of  the  peoples:  from  Tuscan  blood  is  their  vigor. 
Hence  too,  against  himself  though,  Mezentius  arms  the  five  hundred, 
Whom,  by  Benacus  its  father  enveloped  in  mantle  of  sea-green  J05 

Sedge,  on  its  tide  was  the  Mincius  leading  along  in  a  war-ship. 
Heavy  Aulestes  proceeds:  with  a  hundred  oars  he,  uprising, 
Lashes  the  billows:  the  depths  are  afoam,  antl  the  marble  is  rippled: 
Triton,  the  monster,  is  wafting  him  on,  and  appears  with  a  conch-shell 
Frighting  the  deep-blue  seas;  and  his  shaggy  front,  as  he  skims  them,  210 

Seems  like  a  man  to  the  waist;  in  a  porjwise  is  ended  his  l)elly: 
Foamingly  gurgles  the  billow  beneath  his  anomalous  bosom. 

Such  were  the  numerous  notable  chiefs,  who  were  l>ound  in  their  twice  ten 
Ships,  and,  for  succor  of  Troja,  with  copper  were  cleaving  the  salt-plains. 

Now  had  the  day  from  the  heavens  departed,  and  bright  in  her  night-run  215 
Chariot  fostering  Phcx'bus  was  tramping  the  midst  of  Olympus. 
Wakeful  /tineas — for  trouble  allows  him  no  rest  in  his  meml)crs — 
Seated  is  holding  the  tiller,  and  tending  in  person  the  mainsails; 
But  in  the  mitlst  of  the  voyage,  behokl,  an  array  of  his  former 
Intimates  meet  him,  the  nymphs,  whom  cherishing  Cyl>el<5  lately  aao 

Kindly  had  bidden  divinity  don,  and  become  from  original  vessels 
Nymphs,  were  now  swimming  abreast  and  were  cleaving  the  billows,  as  many 
Even  as  bows  of  bronze  that  had  recently  stood  on  the  sea-shores. 
They  at  a  distance  their  sovereign  knew,  as  they  gamlwl  in  chorus, 
Cymodocca,  who  mid  them  all  was  the  readiest  speaker,  225 


192  THE    ^NEID. 

Following  after  him,  steadies  his  stern  with  her  right,  as  she  looms  up 

High  in  the  rear,  and  with  left-hand  paddles  the  murmurless  billows. 

Then  she  addresses  him  thus  in  his  ignorance:  "Watchest,  ^neas, 

Scion  of  deity  ?     Watch  thou,  and  loosen  the  ropes  of  thy  canvas. 

We  are  the  pines  that  of  late,  on  the  sacred  summit  of  Ida,  230 

Grew,  now  nymphs  of  the  ocean,  thy  fleet !     As  perfidious  headlong 

Late  the  Rutulian  pressed  us  with  sabre  and  flames,  we  reluctant 

Severed  thy  hawsers  asunder,  and  over  the  waters  are  seeking 

Thee.    In  compassion,  our  mother  hath  furnished  this  form  as  thou  seest: 

Yea,  and  hath  let  us  be  goddesses,  passing  our  lives  on  the  billows.  235 

Still  is  the  youthful  Ascanius  held,  in  his  trenches  and  breastworks, 

Safe  in  the  midst  of  the  weapons,  and  Latiaris  bristling  for  battle. 

Now  the  Arcadian  cavalry,  joined  with  the  daring  Etruscan, 

Hold  their  appointed  positions.     To  thrust  his  battalions  between  them. 

Lest  they  combine  with  the  camps,  is  the  desperate  purpose  of  Turnus.  240 

Come,  then,  rise,  and  betimes  thine  associates  bid,  at  the  coming 

Dawn,  be  summoned  to  arms,  and  assume  thine  invincible  buckler. 

Which  the  Ignipotent  gave  thee,  and  bordered  its  edges  with  gold-work. 

If  meanwhile  thou  regardest  my  words  a  delusion,  the  morrow's 

Light  shall  gaze  on  prodigious  heaps  of  Rutulian  slaughter."  245 

Spake  she,  and,  as  she  departed,  his  towering  stern  with  her  right  hand 

Pushed,  for  she  well  knew  how,  and  away  it  careers  o'er  the  waters, 

Swifter  than  dart,  or  the  arrow  which  rivals  in  fleetness  the  breezes. 

Others  then  quicken  their  speed.     Amazed  is  the  wondering  Trojan, 

Son  of  Anchises,  but  comforts  his  soul  with  the  marvellous  omen.  250 

Gazing  aloft  on  the  canopy  o'er  him,  he  supplicates  briefly: 

"  Ida's  kind  mother  of  gods,  unto  whom  is  thy  Dindyma  precious, 

Turreted  city,  and  lions  in  couples  submit  to  thy  bridles; 

Be  now  my  lead  in  the  fight,  and  the  augury  graciously  render 

Nigh,  and  to  Phrygians,  goddess,  be  present  with  favoring  footstep."  255 

Thus  much  spake  he;  and  meanwhile  uprolling  its  curtain,  the  perfect 

Day  was  already  advancing  in  light,  and  had  routed  the  midnight: 

He  at  the  outset  issues  his  comrades  orders  to  follow  his  signals, 

But  to  accoutre  their  souls  with  arms,  and  prepare  themselves  for  an  onset. 

Now  was  he  fully  in  sight  of  the  Teucrans  and  all  their  encampments  260 

Standing  aloft  on  the  stern,  when  he  thereupon  high  on  his  left  hand 

Lifted  his  glittering  shield  !     A  shout  to  the  stars  from  the  ramparts 

Raise  the  Dardanians:  hope  superadded  arouses  their  resentment: 

Weapons  in  hand  they  uptoss;  as  beneath  a  caliginous  storm-cloud 

Often  Strymonian  cranes  give  signals,  and  far  o'er  the  tether  265 


BOOK    X.  193 

Sail  with  a  racket,  and  hie  with  hilarious  shout  on  the  South-wind. 

Hut  to  Kululum  prmce  and  Ausonian  chieftains  it  wondrous 
Seemed,  till  they,  looking  back,  notice  the  sterns  in  a  line  to  the  sea-beach 
Turned,  and  the  whole  sea  seemingly  gliding  away  from  the  squadrons. 
Blazes  the  cone  on  his  helmet,  and  crested  the  llame  on  its  summit  270 

Streams,  and  immense  fires  beLh  from  the  golden  lx)ss  of  his  buckler; 
Just  as  at  times,  there  lugubrious  glare  in  the  calmness  of  midnight 
lilood-red  comets;  or  just  as  the  blaze  of  the  Sirian  dog-star, 
Boding  a  withering  blight  and  diseases  to  suffering  mortals, 
Rises,  and  saddens  the  heavens  with  gloom  by  its  ominous  glimmer.  275 

Nevertheless  the  trust  of  audacious  Turnus  recoiled  not 
From  pre|X)ssessing  the  beach,  and  preventing  the  comers  from  landing: 
Promptly  he  rallies  their  souls  by  his  words,  and  as  promptly  upl)rai'Jb  them: 
"  What  yc  have  craved  in  your  prayers  is  present,  to  crush  them  by  mam  force; 
Mars  is  himself  in  your  hands,  men;  now  as  a  hero  let  each  man  280 

Think  of  his  wife  and  his  home;  now  let  him  recall  the  heroic 
Deeds  and  renown  of  his  sires;  with  a  will  let  us  on  to  the  l)illows, 
While  in  disorder  embarking  they  stagger  m  taking  their  first  steps; 
Fortune  assists  the  courageous: — " 

Thus  he  exclaims,  and  reflects  with  himself,  as  to  whom  he  against  them  285 

Safely  can  lead,  and  to  whom  to  entrust  the  beleaguered  entrenchments. 

Meanwhile  /Kneas  is  landing  his  trusty  allies  from  the  lofty 
Sterns  by  the  gangways:  many  the  refluent  surf  of  the  ocean 
Watch  as  it  ebbs,  and  commit  themselves  at  a  bound  to  the  shallows: 
Others  by  aid  of  their  oars.     But  Tarchon,  surveying  the  sea-l)ench,  290 

Not  where  the  billows  are  heaving,  and  battering  breakers  are  liooming, 
But  where  the  sea  unobstructedly  glides  in  a  gathering  ground-swell. 
Shoreward  turns  of  a  sudden  his  prow,  and  appeals  to  his  comrades: 
**  Now,  O  chosen  command,  with  your  stout  oars  bend  to  the  eifort; 
Lift,  bear  onward  your  galley,  and  yonder  inimical  landing  295 

Split,  agd  let  even  the  keel  for  itself  plow  o|)en  a  furrow; 
Nay,  I  begrudge  not  to  shatter  the  ship  in  so  risky  a  roadstead. 
If  we  can  only  land."     As  soon,  then,  as  Tarchon  had  s|x)ken 
Thus,  his  associates  rose  to  a  man  at  the  oars,  and  with  feathered 
Blades,  right  cheerily  spurted  their  foamy  crafts  to  the  I^tin  300 

Meads,  till  their  beaks  are  aground  on  the  dry  land  set,  and  are  stranded 
All  of  the  keels  innocuous — all  but  thy  galley,  O  Tarchon: 
For  as  she  dashed  on  the  shallows,  she  hangs  on  a  treacherous  surf-crest 
Doubtfully  balancing  long,  and,  alwrtively  breasting  the  billows. 
Crumbles  to  pieces,  and  tumbles  the  men  in  the  midst  of  the  surging  305 


194  THE    iENEID. 

Surf,  whom  the  fragments  of  oars,  and  the  floating  benches,  impeding 
Clog,  and  the  refluent  wave  at  the  same  time  carries  their  feet  back. 

Sluggish  inaction  detains  not  Turnus,  but  eager  he  hurries 
All  his  command  on  the  Teucrans,  and  halts  them  in  line  on  the  sea-beach. 
Sound  they  the  signals  :  ^neas  the  first  has  assaulted  the  rustic  310 

Squads,  as  an  omen  of  battle,  and  scattered  the  Latins  around  him. 
Slaughtering  Theron,  who  tallest  of  heroes  .^^neas  abruptly 
Seeks:  but  the  chief  with  his  scimitar,  right  through  his  coppery  breastplate, 
Right  through  his  mantle  of  spangled  gold,  drinks  deeply  his  opened 
Side;  then  dispatches  he  Lychas,  a  waif  of  his  mother  in  dying,  315 

Sacred  to  thee,  O  Phoebus,  because  he  evaded  in  childhood 
Haply  the  perils  of  steel.     He  the  sturdy  Cisseiis,  and  giant 
Gyas  not  far  off  thence,  as  they  scatter  the  ranks  with  their  war-clubs, 
Stretches  in  death.     Ah  !  naught  does  Herculean  armor  avail  them. 
No,  nor  their  sinewy  hands,  nor  Melampus,  their  father,  though  comrade  320 

He  of  Alcides  as  long  as  the  earth  afforded  them  toilsome 
Labors.     Behold,  while  he  boastfully  bandies  his  idle  bravado, 
Hurling  he  pickets  a  dart  in  the  mouth  of  the  clamorous  Pharus  ! 
Thou,  too,  unfortunate  Cydon,  e'en  while  thou  wast  Clytius  courting. 
Florid  with  earliest  down  on  his  cheeks,  and  thy  recent  attachment,  325 

Thou  by  the  Dardan's  right  hand  slain,  regardless  of  lovers 
Who  of  the  young  were  forever  thine,  hadst,  miscreant,  fallen. 
Had  not  a  thick  set  cohort  of  brothers  confronted  him,  Phorcus' 
Offspring,  and  seven  in  number,  who  at  him  are  septuple  weapons 
Launching  at  once;  though  a  portion  rebound  from  his  helmet  and  buckler      330 
Harmless:  a  part  of  them,  grazing  the  champion's  body,  the  kindly 
Venus  deflected,     .^neas  addresses  the  faithful  Achates: 
"  Hand  me  my  weapons;  against  the  Rutulians  none  shall  my  right  hand 
Hurl  unavailing,  which  have  in  weltering  bodies  of  Grecians 
Stood  on  the  Ilian  plains.     He  then,  seizing  a  ponderous  war-spear,  335 

Flings  it:  it  fluttering  sheer  through  the  brass  of  the  buckler  of  Maon 
Whisks,  and,  at  one  and  the  same  time,  pierces  his  breast  and  his  breastplate. 
Rushes  his  brother  Alcanor,  and  steadies  his  staggering  brother 
Up  with  his  right  hand:  right  through  his  steadying  arm  does  the  driven 
War-spear  fly,  and  it  reeking  with  gore  keeps  on  in  its  tenor;  340 

While  from  his  shoulder  his  right  arm  hung  by  its  ligaments  lifeless. 
Then  from  the  corpse  of  his  brother,  Numitor,  snatching  a  javelin, 
Aimed  it  direct  at  /Eneas;  but  it  was  not  fated,  though  point-blank 
Tilted,  to  pierce,  and  it  grazed  o'er  the  thigh  of  the  mighty  Achates. 
Here  in  his  body  in  youth's  prime  trusting,  the  Curian  Clausus  345 


HOOK     X.  195 

Comes,  and  at  long  range  smites  down  Dryops  with  rigorous  war-spcar, 

Thrust  home  heavily  under  his  chin,  and  suppresses  the  speaker's 

Voice  ami  his  lile  at  a  stroke  by  tlie  stal)  in  his  throat;  hut  he,  falling, 

Thrashes  the  earth  with  his  forehead,  and  clotted  the  blo<xl  from  his  mouth  sp    vs. 

Next,  three  Thracians,  sprung  from  Horea's  eminent  {)cerage,  350 

Three,  too,  whom  Idas  their  father  anil  fatherland  Ismara  sent  lorih, 

Kells  he  in  various  plights.      Halsivus  uprims,  and  Auruncan 

Troops,  and  in  turn,  loo,  advances  Messapus,  the  offspring  of  Neptune, 

Noted  as  trainer  of  horses.     Now  these,  and  now  those,  to  their  utmost, 

Struggle  to  baffle  each  other;  the  contest  is  waged  at  the  very  355 

Door  of  Ausonia;  just  as  when  various  winds,  in  the  mighty 

/Kther  contending,  arise  in  their  wrath,  and,  with  energies  equal, 

Neither  will  yield  to  the  other,  nor  clouds,  nor  the  sea  will  surrender; 

Long  is  the  skirmishing  dubious,  all  of  them  obstinate  standing: 

So  do  the  ranks  of  the  Trojans,  and  ranks  of  the  Latins  opp<jsing  j6o 

Battle,  and  cling  close,  foot  to  foot,  and  hero  to  hero. 

Now  in  a  different  part,  where  a  torrent  had  driven  at  random 
Rolling  rocks,  and  the  shrubbery,  torn  from  the  banks  of  the  river, 
There,  unaccustomed  to  forming  a  column  as  infantry,  Pallas 
Saw  his  Arcadians  turning  their  backs  on  their  Latin  pursuers;  365 

Since  the  intractable  lay  of  the  land  had  induced  them  to  send  of! 
Rashly  their  horses,  he — which  was  nis  only  resort  in  the  crisis — 
Now  by  entreaty  and  now  with  upbraidings  enkindles  their  valor:  [ments; 

"  Comrades,  where  are  you  bound  .'     By  yourselves,   and  your  gallant  achieve- 
Aye,  by  the  name  of  Evander  your  chief,  and  the  battles  he  won  you;  370 
Nay,  by  my  hope,  which  is  emulous  now  of  the  fame  of  my  father,                 [inen 
Trust  not  your  feet  !     With  your  swords  must  a  way  be  straight  through  the  foe- 
Hewn,  and  where  yonder  battalions  of  men  are  amassing  the  thickest. 
There  iloes  your  glorious  country  e.\[XJCt  you,  and  Pallas  your  leader  ! 
Now  no  divinities  press  ;  we  mortals  are  urged  by  a  mortal  375 
Foe,  and  our  lives  and  our  hands  are  as  many  as  theirs  for  the  issue. 
Yonder  the  deep,  by  the  sea's  unlimited  barrier,  bars  us; 
Land,  too,  is  wanting  for  flight;  are  we  seeking  the  ocean  as  Troja?'* 
So  he  exclaims,  and  bounds  in  their  midst  on  the  thick  of  the  foemen. 
Lagus  is  first  to  encounter  him,  led  in  his  daring  by  luckless  3S0 
Fate,  and  he,  hurling  a  shaft,  as  he  grapples  a  ponderous  Ixjulder, 
Pierces  him  through  on  the  median  line,  where  the  spine  a  division 
Forms  with  the  ribs,  and  deep  in  his  Iwnes  he  receives  the  embedded 
Spear:  nor  over  him  caught  unawares,  does  Hislx)  surprise  him. 
Though  he  was  hoping  indeed  to  effect  this,  for  Pallas,  as  rushing                    385 


196  THE    ^NEID. 

Recklessly  on  him,  he  raves  at  the  cruel  death  of  his  comrade, 

Wary  receives  him,  and  buries  his  scimitar  deep  in  his  swollen 

Lungs;  he  then  Sthenelus  seeks,  and  Anchemolus,  sprung  from  the  peerage 

Ancient  of  Rhoetus,  who  dared  to  dishoner  his  step-mother's  chambers. 

You,  too,  Larides,  and  Thymber,  the  twins,  on  Rutulian  meadov.'S  390 

Fell,  the  descendants  of  Daucus,  so  closely  resembling  each  other, 

That  the  mistake  was  perplexing  to  friends  and  amusing  to  parents: 

But  now  Pallas  assigns  you  at  length  a  revolting  distinction; 

For  thy  head,  O  Thymber,  the  sword  of  Evander  dissevered. 

Whilst  thy  dismembered  right  hand,  thee  as  its  owner,  Larides,  395 

Sees,  as  the  quivering  fingers  twitch,  and  clutch  at  the  sabre. 

Fired  by  his  chiding,  and  seeing  the  glorious  deeds  of  the  hero. 

Mingled  grief  and  shame  the  Arcadians  arm  on  the  foemen. 

Just  then  Pallas,  as  Rhoeteus  flees  in  his  vehicle  by  him, 

Stabs  him.     This  space  and  this  only  of  respite  was  granted  to  lius,  400 

For  while  afar  he  at  Ilus  had  aimed  his  powerful  war-spear, 

Rhoeteus,  coming  between,  intercepts  it,  O  excellent  Teuthras, 

Fleeing  from  Tyres,  thy  brother,  and  thee:  from  his  chariot  rolling 

Lifeless,  he  spravvlingly  kicks  with  his  heels  the  Rutulian  meadows. 

Then  as  a  shepherd,  when  coveted  breezes  arise  in  the  summer,  405 

Launches  a  conflagration  diversely  abroad  in  the  forests. 

Spots  intermediate  suddenly  catching,  at  once  is  the  awful 

Army  of  Vulcan  deployed  in  array  on  the  limitless  prairies; 

Seated  as  victor  he  gazes  aloof  on  the  rampant  combustion: 

So  does  the  valor  of  comrades,  all  in  a  body  collecting,  416 

Aid  thee,  moreover,  O  Pallas.     But  eager  for  battle  Halassus 

Charges  upon  them  direct,  and  envelops  himself  in  his  armor. 

Butchers  he  Ladon  and  Pheres,  Demodocus  too,  and  with  flashing 

Falchion  slashes  Strymonion's  right  hand  off,  as  he  raised  it 

Up  to  his  throat:  with  a  boulder  he  batters  the  features  of  Thoas,  415 

Strewing  the  bones  immingled  with  gore-smeared  brains  on  the  meadow. 

Boding  this  issue  his  father  had  hid  in  the  forests  Halaesus: 

But  when  in  death  the  old  man  loosened  his  whitening  eye-balls. 

Destiny,  fixing  its  grasp  on  his  son,  to  the  shafts  of  Evander 

Doomed  him.     Him  Pallas  attacks,  thus  praying  beforehand:  420 

"  Grant  me  now,  father  Thybris,  O  grant  to  the  lance,  that  I  missive 

Level,  a  prosperous  trip  through  the  breast  of  the  doughty  Hela^sus; 

Then  shall  thy  oak  hold  trophied  the  armor  and  spoils  of  the  hero." 

Listened  the  god  to  his  prayer,  Helaesus,  while  shielding  Imaon, 

Lucklessly  bared  his  unarmored  breast  to  Arcadia's  weapon.  4*5 


BOOK    X.  197 

But  by  the  slaughter  so  sad  of  a  champion  Lausus,  a  Icadini^ 

I'art  of  the  battle,  |H:rmit.s  not  his  ranks  to  be  frightened:  he  slaughters 

First  his  antagonist  Abas,  the  knot  and  the  stay  of  the  combat 

Welter  Arcadia's  progeny;  welter  as  freely  Ktruscans, 

Vou  ye  Teucrans,  as  well,  whose  l)odies  esca|H.-d  from  the  Grecians  I  433 

Hosts  arc  encountering  hosts,  with  their  leaders  and  forces  etjualed; 

Ranks  in  the  rear  are  besetting  those  front,  and  the  thronging  allows  not 

Weapons,  or  hands,  to  be  moved.     Here  Pallas  is  charging  anil  urging: 

Here  to  confront  him  is  Lausus,  their  ages  not  greatly  unequal; 

Noble  in  form  are  they  both,  but  unfeeling  had  Fortune  denied  them  435 

Each  to  their  home  a  return:  yet  the  ruler  of  mighty  Olympus 

Suffered  them  not  to  engage  with  each  other  in  mortal  encounter; 

Soon  do  their  own  fates  wait  at  the  hand  of  a  mightier  focman 

Meanwhile  his  guardian  sister  admonishes  Turnus,  whose  flying 
Chariot  plows  through  the  host,  to  repair  to  the  rescue  of  lausus.  440 

Then,  as  he  sighted  his  comrades:  "  'Tis  time  to  desist  from  the  conflict; 
Singly  I  venture  on  Pallas;  to  me,  too,  singly  is  Pallas 
Due,  and  I  would  that  his  parent  were  present  to  witness  the  combat." 
Thus  he  exclaims,  and  his  comrades  retired  from  the  level  as  ordered. 
Wondering  now  at  retreat  of  Rutulians,  then  at  the  haughty  445 

Order,  the  champion  mar\-els  at  Turnus,  his  eyes  o'er  his  huge  form 
Rolls  he,  and  distant  surveys  him  throughout  with  a  look  of  defiance. 
Then  he  undaunted  in  these  words  answers  the  words  of  the  tyrant: 
"  Now  shall  I  either  be  lauded  for  winning  superior  laurels. 
Or  for  a  glorious  death,  and  resigned  is  my  father  to  either  allotment:  450 

Bandy  not  threats."     He  spake,  and  proceeds  to  the  midst  of  the  level. 
Cold  in  the  hearts  of  Arcadians  curdles  the  blood  as  they  see  him; 
Down  from  his  chariot  Turnus  has  leapt,  and  on  foot  for  a  close-hand 
Struggle  prepares.     As  a  lion,  when  he,  from  a  lofty  jx)sition, 
Sees  on  the  plains  in  the  distance  a  bull  stand  thinking  of  battles,  455 

Bounds  off:  just  like  his  is  the  image  of  Turnus  advancing. 
Then,  when  Pallas  believed  he  had  reached  to  as  near  as  a  spear's  cast. 
Ere  the  encounter,  if  happily  fortune  would  favor  the  venture 
In  the  unequal  engagement,  he  thus  on  the  limitless  air  s(K-aks: 
"  O  by  the  friendship  and  board  o(  my  father,  at  which  thou  a  stranger  460 

Satest,  I  pray  thee,  Alcides,  befriend  my  Herculean  effort  ! 
Let  him  now  see  me  tear  from  his  half-dead  |)erson  his  gory 
Arms,  and  the  dying  glances  of  Turnus  endure  me  as  victor." 
Listened  Alcides  anon  to  the  hero,  and  deep  in  his  g^eat  heart 
Stifles  a  groan,  as  he  pours  forth  tears  unavailingly  o'er  him.  465 


198  THE    ^NEID. 

Then  the  compassionate  father  his  child  thus  kindly  addresses: 

"  Each  has  his  definite  day,  and  life's  is  a  brief  and  returnless 

Season  to  all;  but  to  spread  and  establish  a  fame  by  achievements, 

This  is  the  service  of  valor;  'neath  Troja's  imperial  ramparts 

Many  an  offspring  of  deities'  fell:  nay  even  Sarpedon,  470 

Mine  own  progeny,  weltered.     His  fates  are  summoning  Turnus, 

Too,  and  he  soon  shall  arrive  at  the  goal  of  his  limited  life-time." 

So  he  exclaims,  and  withdraws  his  eyes  from  Rutulian  meadows. 

Pallas,  however,  at  Turnus,  with  mighty  exertion,  his  war-spear 

Launches,  and  draws  from  its  hollow  scabbard,  his  glittering  broad-sword.        475 

That  as  it  flies,  where  the  uppermost  coverings  rise  of  the  shoulder 

Lights,  and,  in  forcing  its  way  through  the  bordering  rims  of  his  buckler, 

Grazed  in  its  passage  at  length  e'en  the  muscular  body  of  Turnus. 

Thereupon  Turnus  his  oak-shaft,  mounted  with  keenest  of  steel-point, 
Levels,  though  poising  it  long,  at  Pallas,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  him:  480 

"  See,  if  this  weapon  of  ours  be  of  any  more  penetrant  power  !  " 
Spake  he;  but  right  through  his  shield,  through  so  many  a  coating  of  plated 
Steel  and  of  brass,  and  so  oft  though  oppose  it  the  compassing  bull's  hide. 
Right  through  the  centre  it  whisks,  and  with  stroke  of  the  quivering  spear-head 
Passes  the  stays  of  his  corselet,  and  pierces  his  bosom  enormous.  485 

Warm  from  the  wound  does  he  pluck,  though  all  unavailing,  the  weapon  ; 
Forth  from  the  self-same  avenue  issue  the  blood  and  his  spirit: 
Down  on  the  wound  he  collapses,  and  over  him  rattles  his  armor: 
Dying  he  gnashes,  with  gore-stained  mouth,  the  land  of  the  foemen. 

Turnus  thus,  standing  above  him: —  490 

"  Ho  !  ye  Arcadians,  these  my  dispatches  remember  to  carry 
Back  to  Evander,  that  such  as  his  due,  I  restore  him  his  Pallas; 
Honor,  if  any,  of  burial;  solace,  if  aught,  of  entombing 
I  as  a  favor  bestow:  not  slight  shall  his  cheer  to  ^neas 

Cost  him."     And  having  thus  spoke,  on  the  lifeless  remains  with  his  left  foot  495 
Stamped,  as  he  snatches  the  wonderful  weight  of  the  champion's  baldric, 
Blazoned  an  outrage — the  self-same  night  of  a  wedding  a  youthful 
Company  murdered,  and  reeking  with  gore  the  connubial  chambers; 
Clonus,  Eurytus'  son,  had  in  gold  in  profusion  embossed  it: 

Over  this  spoil  now  Turnus  exults,  and  gloats  on  its  winning.  500 

Ah  !  how  unconscious  the  human  mind  is  of  fate  and  its  future 
Lot,  and  to  keep  within  bound  when  elated  with  brilliant  achievements  ! 
Time  will  to  Turnus  accrue  when  he  gladly  would  purchase  at  great  price 
Ne'er  to  have  meddled  with  Pallas,  and  rue  both  these  spoils  and  the  day  he 
Won  them  !     However,  with  many  a  groan  and  tear  his  companions  505 


BOOK    X. 


199 


Following  carry,  upborne  on  his  buckler,  the  weltering  Palina 

O  thou  a  fjrief  and  a  Rlory  immense  to  return  t»  thy  |)arent  ! 

Thcc  hath  this  first  day  l)ooncd  to  the  war,  and  the  same  is  rcm«»ving ! 

Since  thou  hast  still  left  monstrous  heaps  of  Rutulian  corpses  ! 

Now  of  disaster  so  sad  no  report,  but  a  surer  informant  510 

Hies  to  .'Kneas  tr  tell  him  his  troops  arc  in  danger  of  utter 
Rout;  it  is  lime  that  he  haste  to  the  aid  of  the  wavcrin;j  Teucrans. 
Ranks  that  are  nearest  he  mows  with  h:s  fall  hioii  down,  and  a  wide  swath 
Sweeps  with  his  blade  ihrouj^h  the  host,  and  seeking,  ()  Turnus, 
Thee  in  thy  recent  slaughter  exulting;  and  Pallas,  Evander,  515 

All  are  absorbing  his  vision,  the  tal)Ies  at  which  as  a  stranger 
Then  for  the  first  he  hath  sat,  and  their  right  hands  pledged  in  alliance. 
Here  four  striplings,  the  offspring  of  Sulmo,  as  many  whom  Ufens 
Nurtures  he  seizes  to  offer  alive  to  the  shade  r>f  the  fallen 

Hero,  and  surfeit  the  flames  of  his  pyre  with  the  blood  of  the  captives.  530 

Then  he  at  distance  at  Magus  had  aimed  his  inimical  war-spear; 
Deftly  he  cravenly  stoops,  and  the  dread  spear  quivering  o'er  him 
Plies,  anil  he,  clasping  his  knees,  thus  pleads  as  a  suppliant  with  him: 
**  O  by  the  ghost  of  thy  father,  and  hope  of  liilus,  thy  rising 
Heir,  I  entreat  thee  to  spare  me  this  life  for  the  son  and  the  father !  525 

Mine  is  a  sumptuous  home,  and  within  it  there  lie  in  concealment 
Talents  of  silver  and  gold;  there  are  masses  of  wrought  and  of  unwrought 
(iold  of  my  own.     Not  here  is  the  victory  surely  of  Teucrans 
Pivoted,  nor  will  a  single  life  yield  such  an  importance." 

I'hus  had  he  spoken;  and,  counter.  Apneas  thus  renders  him  answer:  53c 

"  Talents  of  silver  and  gold — the  many  thou  boasted  of  having — 
Keep  for  thy  children.     Such  traffic  of  war  hath  Turnus  beforehand 
Taken  away,  just  then  when  Pallas  was  brutally  murdered: 
So  thinks  the  ghost  of  my  father  .Vnchises,  and  so  does  lulus." 
Thus  having  said  he,  with  left  hand,  grasping  his  helmet,  and  backward  535 

Bending  the  neck  of  the  suppliant,  plunges  his  sword  to  the  handle. 
Not  far  off  was  Ha^monides,  Phoebus'  and  Trivia's  high-priest; 
Rich  was  the  mitre,  with  sacred  fillet,  adorning  his  temples. 
Sparkling  throughout  in  his  vesture  and  radiant  armor  his  person. 
Meeting  he  ilrives  him  afield,  and  when  fallen,  he  over  him  standing  540 

Slays  him.  and  buries  him  deep  in  the  shadows.     Serestus  hi«;  gathered 
Armor  removes  on  his  shoulders,  thy  trophy,  O  sovereign  (Iradivus. 
Caeculus,  sprung  from  the  lineage  noble  of  Vulcan,  and  Umbro, 
Coming  from  Marsian  mountains,  the  battle  array  are  renewing: 
Rages  the  Dardan  against  them.     With  scimitar  keen  he  had  .Anxur's  545 


200  THE    iENEID. 

Left  hand  lopped  with  its  steel,  and  the  whole  round  orb  of  his  buckler: 

He  had  been  swaggering  loud,  and  believed  there  would  be,  in  his  swagger, 

Force,  and  as  braggart  he  doubtless  was  lifting  his  spirit  to  heaven; 

Yea,  and  had  promised  himself  gray  hairs,  and  many  a  long  year, 

Tarquitus  onward  in  glittering  armor  exulting  to  meet  him —  550 

He  whom  the  wood-nymph  Dryope  bore  to  Faunus  the  woodman — 

Thrust  himself  in  the  way  of  the  ravager.     He  with  his  back-drawn 

War-spear  cripples  his  corselet,  and  cumbersome  load  of  his  buckler. 

Then,  as  he  vainly  entreats,  and  is  cravenly  ready  to  utter 

Many  a  prayer,  he  tumbles  his  head  to  the  earth,  and  the  warm  trunk  555 

Rolling  along,  he  thus  over  it  speaks  from  his  merciless  bosom: 

"  There  now,  lie,  thou  alarmer  !     No  cherishing  mother  shall  lay  thee 

Low  in  the  ground,  and  adorn  thy  limbs  for  ancestral  sepulture: 

Thou  shalt  be  left  to  the  carrion  kites,  or  the  billows  shall  toss  thee 

Sunk  in  their  surges,  and  famishing  fishes  shall  nibble  thy  gashes  !"  560 

Straightway  thence  he  pursues  Antaeus,  and  Lucas,  the  vanguard 

Columns  of  Turnus,  and  valorous  Numa,  and  Comers,  the  swarthy 

Son  of  magnanimous  Volcens,  who  then  was  the  richest  in  grain-fields 

Counted  of  all  the  Ausonian  nobles,  and  reigned  in  the  silent  Amyclae; 

Just  as  ^geon,  of  whom  they  affirm  that  he  wielded  a  hundred  565 

Arms,  and  a  hundred  hands,  and  had  fifty  mouths,  and  as  many 

Bosoms,  from  which  blazed  fire,  as  he,  braving  Jupiter's  thunder, 

Rattled  as  numerous  bucklers,  and  brandished  as  numerous  broadswords: 

So  o'er  the  whole  of  the  plain  went  storming  the  victor  ^neas. 

Soon  as  his  scimitar  grew  once  warm.     But  lo  !  on  the  four-horsed  570 

Team  of  Nipheus,  and  right  on  the  breasts  of  his  horses  he  charges; 

They,  as  at  distance  they  sighted  him  stalking  and  fearfully  storming, 

Backward  wheeled,  and,  wildly  rushing  in  panicy  stampede, 

Threw  out  their  driver,  and  dashed  with  the  chariot  off  to  the  sea-shore. 

Meanwhile  Lucagus  offers  himself  in  the  midst,  with  his  snow-white  575 

Span,  the  brother  of  Liger;  the  brother,  however,  his  chargers 
Guides  with  the  reins,  while  Lucagus  flourishes  fiercely  his  broadsword. 
Brooked  not  ^neas  the  sight,  as  they  rage  in  such  vehement  fury; 
On  them  he  rushed,  and  he  loomed  up  large  with  his  lance  in  position. 
Liger  bespeaks  him: —  5 8° 

"  Thou  no  Diomede's  chargers  beholdest,  no  car  of  Achilles 
Here,  nor  the  plains  of  Phrygia:  now  in  these  lands  shall  be  given 
End  to  the  war,  and  thy  life,  too  !"     Such  are  the  words  from  the  hair-brained 
Liger  that  flutter  aloof:  but  the  hero  of  Troja  no  counter 
Bluster  essays;  for  in  answer  he  launches  a  dart  at  the  foeman.  585 


BOOK    X.  20 I 

Forward  as  Liicaf^is,  Ieanin;j  in  plying  the  lash,  with  his  wcap<jn 

Goailctl  his  span,  and  whilst  he.  in  art  of  projection  his  left  foot, 

Uraces  himself  for  the  onset,  enters  fhe  sjK*ar  throujjh  the  nether 

Rims  of  his  jjlittering  buckler,  and  burrows  its  way  through  his  left  f;^oin: 

Pitched  from  his  chariot,  writhing  in  death,  he  is  rolled  on  the  meadows.         590 

Him  then  the  pious  /lilneas  addresses  in  bitter  invectives: 

"  Lucagus,  that  was  no  sluggish  escape  of  thy  steeds,  that  betrayed  thy 

Chariot's  loss,  nor  have  vain  shades  turned  them  aside  from  the  foemen: 

Thou,  in  o'erleaping  the  wheels,  hast  abandoned  thy  team  !"     As  he  spake  thus. 

Seized  he  the  span,  anil  the  brother  in  anguish  was  stretching  his  unarmed      595 

Palms,  as  he  cringingly  slipped  from  the  self-same  chariot,  pleading: 

"O  by  thyself,  by  thy  parents  who  bore  thee  so  noble  an  offspring, 

Hero  of  Troja,  O  spare  me  this  life  and  pity  me  praying." 

More  he  had  plead,  but  /Eneas:  "  Not  such  was  thy  language  a  moment 

Since;  then  die,  and  be  not  a  brother  deserting  a  brother  !"  600 

Then  with  his  blade  he  lays  open  the  spirit's  recesses,  his  bo«;nm. 

Such  was  the  havoc  which,  over  the  plains,  the  Dardanian  chieftain 
Wrought,  as  he  on  like  a  torrent  of  waters,  or  ebony  whirlwintl. 
Rampantly  rages.     At  last  outrush,  and  forsake  their  encampments, 
Youthful  Ascanius  leading,  and  warriors  vainly  beleaguered.  605 

Meanwhile  Jupiter  opens  a  parley  with  Juno  abruptly: 
"Sister  of  mine,  and  moreover  my  very  agreeable  consort, 
Just  as  thou  reckonest,  Venus— thy  judgment  is  never  mistaken  ! — 
Favors  the  forces  of  Troja,  whose  champions  rally  no  right  hands 
Lively  in  battle,  no  spirits  ferocious,  and  patient  in  j)eril."  610 

Juno  submissively:  "  Why,  my  exceedingly  beautiful  husband. 
Trouble  me  when  I  am  sick,  antl  am  dreading  thy  saddening  mandates  ? 
Would  that  my  love  had  the  power  that  it  formerly  had,  and  it  ever 
Ought  to  possess;  for  then  thou  wouldst  never  refuse  me  thy  favor, 
O  thou  almighty;  but  I  could  have  leave  to  withdraw  from  the  conflict  615 

Champion  Turnus,  and  keep  him  in  safety  for  Daunus  his  parent. 
Now  he  must  perish,  and  pay  to  the  Teucrans  the  forfeit  of  pious 
Blood;  although  he  deduces  his  name  from  our  lineage,  claiming 
Justly  Pilumnus  as  fourth  in  the  line  of  his  fathers,  and  oft  hath 
Loaded  tby  cmirts  with  a  bountiful  hand,  and  with  many  oblations."  620 

Promptly  the  sovereign  of  airy  Olympus  thus  briefly  besjxraks  her: 
"  If  there  a  respite  be  craved  from  immediate  death  for  the  ill-starred 
Youth,  and  if  really  thou  understandest  me  thus  to  ordain  it. 
Rescue,  then,  Turnus  by  flight,  and  reprieve  him  from  imminent  present 
Fate:  thus  far  is  indulgence  allowable;  but,  if  beneath  thine  entreaties  625 


202  THE    yENEID. 

Further  immunity  lurk,  and  thou  thinkest  to  baffle  the  warfare 

Wholly,  and  have  it  arrested,  thou  nursest  a  futile  reliance." 

Juno  then,  weeping:  "But  what  if  thou  shouldst,  what  thou. verbally  grudgest, 

Mentally  grant,  that  this  life  might  remain  vouchsafed  unto  Turnus  ? 

Now  there  awaits  him,  though  guiltless,  a  grievous  disaster,  or  I  am  630 

Grandly  mistaken.     O  that  1  were  rather  deluded  by  idle 

Fear,  and  that  thou,  who  art  able,  would  change  for  the  better  thy  purpose." 

When  she  has  these  words  uttered,  from  lofty  heaven  she  forthwith 
Plunged,  and  begirt  with  a  tempest,  and  driving  a  storm  on  the  gusty 
Air,  made  straight  for  the  Ilian  lines  and  Laurentian  camp-grounds.  635 

Then  from  a  hollow  vapor,  the  goddess  a  shadowy,  brawnless 
Wraith  in  the  guise  of  ^Eneas — to  view  a  remarkable  wonder  ! 
Decks  with  Dardanian  weapons,  and  fashions  a  buckler  and  crested 
Helmet  adorning  its  god-like  head,  and  endows  it  with  spectral 
Words,  and  a  mindless  voice,  and  assigns  it  the  gait  of  the  chieftain:  640 

Just  like  the  spectres  that  flit,  as  the  story  is,  after  a  death-scene; 
Or  like  illusory  dreams  that  disport  with  the  slumbering  senses. 
Now  does  the  image,  exultingly  leaping  in  front  of  the  vanguards. 
Challenge  the  hero  with  weapons,  and  banter  him  even  to  insult. 
On  drives  Turnus  upon  it,  and  hurls  at  a  distance  his  whizzing  645 

War-spear;  turning  its  back  the  illusion  retraces  its  footsteps. 
Turnus  then  truly  believed  that  ^neas  has  turned,  and  as  coward 
Skulked,  and  tumultuous  drank  in  his  soul  the  delusive  assurance. 
"Whither  art  fleeing,  ^neas  ?     Desert  not  thy  plighted  espousals; 
Land  long  sought  o'er  the  billows  by  this  right  hand  shall  be  granted  !"  650 

Thus  he  vociferous  follows  the  phantom,  and  flashes  his  naked 
Sabre,  nor  does  he  perceive  that  the  breezes  are  wafting  his  raptures. 
There,  as  it  happened,  was  standing  a  vessel  adjoining  a  lofty 
Granite  ledge,  with  its  planking  adjusted,  and  ready  its  gangway; 
In  it  was  monarch  Osinius  borne  from  his  Clusian  confines.  655 

Thither  the  trepidant  wraith  of  the  seemingly  fleeing  .•F^neas 
Dashes  in  hidden  retreats,  nor  less  slowly  does  Turnus  pursue  it. 
Leaps  he  o'er  every  obstruction,  and  bounds  o'er  the  towering  bridges: 
Scarce  had  he  reached  to  the  prow,  when  Saturnia,  snapping  the  hawser. 
Hurries  the  unmoored  galley  away  o'er  the  refluent  waters.     '        .  660 

Meanwhile  ^F^neas  demands  him,  though  absent,  for  personal  combats; 
Sends  he  to  death,  as  they  meet  him,  full  many  a  champion's  body. 
Then  for  retreats  no  longer  now  searches  the  shadowy  image, 
But  hath,  sublimely  up-vaulting,  immingled  itself  in  a  black  cloud: 
While  in  the  meantime  the  tide  bears  Turnus  away  to  mid  ocean.  665 


BOOK    X.  iOJ 

Back  as  he  looks  unaware  of  the  facts,  he,  ungrateful  for  safety, 

Stretches  his  doublcil-up  hands  with  his  voice  to  the  planets  entreating: 

"O  thou  oinnn)olent  father,  and  didst  thou  regard  me  deserving 

Crime  so  disgraceful  ?     And  couldst  thou  im|M>se  such  a  |K-nalty  on  me  ' 

Where  am  I  wafted  ?  Whence  aime  I  ?  What  flight  can  return  me,  and  how,  i*>o    670 

Shall  I  iK-hold  once  more  the  L.»urenlian  walls  and  encampments  ? 

What  of  the  bands  of  the  men  who  have  followed  lH)ih  nie  and  my  standards  ! 

All  of  them — shameful  desertion  ! — I  left  to  uns|x.akal)lc  slaughter  I 

Now  methinks  I  can  see  them,  all  scattered,  and  hear  their  expiring 

Groans  !     O  what  shall  I  ilo  ?     And  what  earth  can  sufficiently  deeply  675 

Yawn  to  engulf  me  ?     O  pity  me  rather,  ye  winds  of  the  ocean; 

Carry  me  back  on  the  crags,  on  the  ledges — for  'lurnus  adores  you 

Heartily — launch  me  adrift  on  the  pitiless  shallows  and  (juicksands. 

Where  the  Rutulians  never,  and  never  can  cognizant  gossip  pursue  me  !" 

Thus  in  rehearsing,  now  hither,  now  thither,  he  wavers  in  spirit,  68o- 

Whether  to  coffin  himself  with  his  blade  for  so  base  a  dishonor 

Madly,  and  thrust  to  the  hilt  through  his  ribs  his  unscabbnrded  broadsword; 

Or  in  the  midst  of  the  billows  to  tling  him,  and  steer  for  the  winding 

Shores  as  a  swimmer,  and  sally  again  on  the  arms  of  the  Teucrans. 

Thrice  he  attempted  each  method,  and  thrice  the  imperial  Juno  685 

Checking  restrained  him,  anti  pitying  thwarted  the  youth  in  his  purpose. 

Glides  he,  cleaving  the  depths  on  the  favoring  billow  and  current. 

Till  he  is  borne  to  the  primitive  city  of  Daunus  his  parent. 

But  in  the  meantime  by  Jupiter's  warnings,  Mezentius  ardent 
Enters  the  fight,  and  attacks  the  exultantly  jubilant  Teucrans:  690. 

Round  him  Tyrrhenian  forces  concentre,  and  all  in  a  body 
Press  on  the  single  hero  with  rancor,  and  clustering  wea|X)ns; 
He,  like  a  rock  that  projects  in  the  boundless  expanse  of  the  waters. 
Meeting  the  furious  rage  of  the  winds,  and  ex|X)sed  to  the  breakers, 
Breasts  their  united  force,  and  the  threats  of  the  sky  and  the  ocean,  695 

Standing  itself  immovable.     Down  on  the  ground  Dolithaon's  descendant, 
Hebrus,  he  stretches,  and  Latagus  with  him,  and  fugitive  Palmus: 
But  he  anticijxites  Latagus,  for  with  a  boulder,  and  fragment 
Huge  of  a  mountain,  he  batters  his  mouth  and  his  face  as  he  fronts  him; 
Whilst  he  the  hamstrung  Palmus  lets  sluggishly  roll,  and  his  armor  to  Liuisus   700 
Tenders  to  have  on  his  shoulders,  and  fasten  the  crests  on  his  helmet. 
These,  and  I'^vanthes  the  Phrygian-born,  and  the  I  ban   Mimas, 
Equal  in  age  and  attendant  of  Paris:  Theano  in  one  night 
Brought  him  to  light  to  his  father  Amycus,  and  Cisseis'  queenly 
Daughter,  conceiving  a  torch,  bears  Paris,  who  lies  in  his  native  705 


204  THE    ^NEID. 

City  entombed;  the  Laurentian  shore  holds  Mimas  unnoted. 

lust  as  yon  boar,  that  is  forced  by  the  bite  of  the  hounds  from  the  lofty 
Mountains,  whom  many  a  year  puniferous  Vesulus  erewhile 
Shelters,  and  many  a  year  the  Laurentian  fen  and  the  reedy 

Forest  has  pastured,  has,  when  he  is  caught  in  the  toils  of  the  hunters,  710 

Halted  at  bay,  and  ferociously  squealed  and  bristled  his  withers; 
None  has  the  pluck  to  be  angry  or  valor  to  nearer  approach  him. 
But  at  a  distance  they  pelt  him  with  darts  and  innocuous  shoutings — 
Such  is  Mezentius  also;  though  just  's  their  anger  against  him, 
Yet  not  a  soul  of  them  dares  with  unscabbarded  steel  to  engage  him;  715 

But  from  afar  with  their  missiles  and  clamorous  shouting  harass  him: 
He  though  undaunted  still  leisurely  paces  in  every  direction, 
Gnashing  his  teeth,  as  he  parries  their  spears  on  the  hide  of  his  buckler. 

Acron  had  come  from  the  limits  primeval  of  Corythus'  city, 
Grecian  the  man,  and  a  fugitive  leaving  his  marriage  unfinished:  720 

Soon  as  at  distance  the  hero  beheld  him  confusing  the  main-lines, 
■Crimsoned  with  feathers  and  purple,  the  gift  of  his  covenant  consort: 
Just  as  a  famishing  lion  at  times,  as  he  roams  through  the  stately 
Stalls — for  a  maddening  hunger  incites  him — exults,  if  he  haply 
Notice  a  straggling  goat,  or  with  towering  antlers  a  roebuck;  725 

Gaping  ferocious,  he  bristles  his  mane,  and  over  his  victim's 
Vitals  he  crawlingly  crouches,  till  shockingly  hideous  gore-drops 
Smear  his  insatiate  mouth: — 

So  does  the  eager  Mezentius  rush  on  the  enemy's  thick  ranks. 
Low  the  unfortunate  Acron  is  laid,  and,  expiring,  the  dark  ground  730 

Thumps  with  his  heels,  and  with  blood-spurts  spatters  the  splintering  weapon. 
But  the  assailer  disdained  to  lay  the  escaping  Orodes 
Sprawling,  nor  would  he  deliver  a  wound  in  the  dark  with  his  tilted 
Lance,  but  encounters  him  face  to  face,  and  as  hero  to  hero 
Meeting  engaged  him,  no  better  by  stealth  but  by  dint  of  his  armor.  735 

Then  o'er  his  prostrate  foe,  as  he  leaned  on  his  spear  with  his  foot  braced: 
"  Comrades,  no  trivial  part  of  the  battle,  the  lordly  Orodes 
Lies  !"     And  associates,  following,  shout  their  huzzahs  to  the  victor. 
He,  though  expiring:  "Whoever  thou  art  who  as  victor  exultest. 
Long  unavenged  I  remain  not;  thee  also  in  turn  are  awaiting  740 

Similar  fates:  thou  shalt  tenant  ere  long  these  inimical  meadows  !" 
Scornfully  smiling,  immingling  malice,  Mezentius  answers: 
"  Die  now  !  the  father  of  gods,  and  the  sovereign  of  mortals  will  duly 
Look  after  me."     So  saying  he  plucked  out  the  spear  from  his  body.  ■ 
Hard  is  his  rest,  and  of  steel  is  the  slumber  that  presses  his  eyeballs  745 


BOOK    X.  30(; 

Down,  and  his  eyelids  are  closed  in  the  j^loom  ot  perpetual  midnight. 

C'.filuus  hutchcrs  AlrathoQs.  Sacralor  slaiij^'htcrs  Hy(lras|)cs; 

Kapo  disiKitchcs  Parthcnius,  and  sturdily  vigorous  Orsc»; 

Clonius  Mcssapus  then  slays,  and  LycaOn's  son  Ericctcs, 

One  as  he  lay  on  the  earth  by  a  slip  of  his  mettlesome  charfjer,  750 

That  one  on  fool  as  a  footman.     And  Lycian  Agis  had  onward 

Sallied,  yet  Valerus,  never  deficient  in  valor  ancestral, 

Fells  him;  but  Salius  Thronius,  Neiicles  Salius,  Neiicles 

Fameil  (or  his  skill  with  the  javelin,  and  long-ranged  wildcring  arrow. 

Now  was  the  grievous  Mavors  appKjrtioning  mourning,  and  murders  735 

Mutual.     They  were  retreating  by  turns,  and  by  turns  they  were  charging, 
Victors  and  vanquished,  for  flight  was  unknown  to  the  one  or  the  other. 
God3,  in  the  mansions  of  Jupiter  meanwhile  pity  the  fruitless 
Rancor  of  lx>th,  that  to  mortals  are  meted  such  terrible  hardships: 
Venus  is  watching  on  this,  and  Saturnian  Juno  on  that  side;  760 

Pallid  'I'isiphone  furious  raves  in  the  midst  of  the  thousands. 
Hut  still  Mczentius,  shaking  defiant  his  ponderous  war-spear, 
Wrathfully  stalks  o'er  the  plain;  in  appearance  as  grand  as  Orion, 
When  he  on  foot  o'er  the  fathomless  depths  of  Nereils  marches, 
Cleaving  his  way,  and  surmounts  by  a  shoulder  the  crests  of  the  billows;  765 

Or  as  he,  bearing  a  veteran  ash  from  the  tops  of  the  mountains. 
Stalks  on  the  ground,  ami  away  in  the  mist-clouds  buries  his  forehead: 
Such  does  Mczentius  seem,  as  he  struts  in  his  lumbering  armor. 
Boldly  i4ineas  prepares,  as  he  watched  him  along  the  extended 
Column,  to  go  and  encounter  him.     He,  unafTrighted,  expectant  770 

Waits  his  magnanimous  foeman,  and  stands  in  his  stature  a  giant: 
But,  as  he  measured  the  sjxice  with  his  eyes,  as  enough  for  a  spear's  cast: 
**  Right  hand,  deity  mine,  and  the  weapon  I  poise  as  a  missile. 
Stand  by  me  now  !     And  I  vow  it,  my  Lausus,  that  thou  in  the  pUuuler. 
Stripped  from  the  corse  of  yon  brigand  /Kneas,  shalt  be  as  a  trophy  775 

Personal  garnished."     He  s|)ake,  and  afar  he  his  stridulous  war-s|)ear 
Hurled;  but  it  flitting  was  shook  from  the  shield,  and  away  in  the  distance 
Pierces  between  his  flank  and  his  lx)wels,  the  noble  Antores, 
"Hercules'  comrade,  Antores,  who  had,  though  embarking  from  Argos, 
Ciung  to  Evander,  and  in  an  Italian  city  had  settled:  780 

He,  as  he  luckless  is  felled  by  a  wound  for  another  intended. 
Looks  up  to  heaven,  and  dying   rememliers  his  favorite  .\rgos. 

Then  does  the  pious  /Eneas  his  war-spear  hurl :  through  the  rounded 
Orb  of  the  triple  brass,  through  its  layers  of  linen,  and  on  through 
Fabric  inwoven  with  three  bull-hides  it  traversed,  and  deeply  785 


206  THE    .ENEID. 

Sunk  in  his  groin;  but  it  through  it  its  impetus  carried  not:  quickly- 
Thrilled  by  the  sight  of  Tyrrhenian  blood  does  ^neas  his  broadsword 
Snatch  from  its  sheath,  and  aglow  on  his  trepidant  enemy  hurry. 
Heavily  Lausus,  in  loving  regard  for  his  cherishing  father, 

Groaned  as  he  saw  it,  and  tears  rolled  down  on  his  agonized  features.  790 

Here  I  the  fate  of  thy  rigorous  death  and  thy  noble  achievements, 
Will  not,  if  warrants  the  future  belief  in  so  filial  a  service, 
No,  nor  thyself,  O  illustrious  warrior,  bury  in  silence  ! 
Backward  withdrawing  his  foot  was  Mezentius,  crippled  and  hampered. 
Yielding,  and  trailing  his  enemy's  shaft  as  it  hung  on  his  buckler.  795 

Bounded  the  youth  to  the  front,  and  immingled  himself  with  the  hero's 
Armor;  and  just  as  ^neas  was  rising  and  bringing  the  death-blow 
Down  with  his  right  hand,  came  right  under  the  blade,  and  by  staying 
Parried  the  stroke:  his  associates  follow  with  boisterous  plaudits; 
And  while  the  father,  protected  by  targe  of  his  son,  was  retiring,  800 

Weapons  unitedly  fling,  and  were  thrusting  the  foe  with  their  missiles 
Off;  but  ^neas  is  raving,  and  shielded  maintains  his  position: 
Just  as  whenever  the  clouds,  surcharged  with  a  deluge  of  hailstones. 
Headlong  tumble,  and  every  plowman  and  every  farmer 

Flees  from  the  plains,  and  the  traveler  hides  in  a  sheltermg  stronghold  805 

Under  the  banks  of  a  river,  or  under  the  arch  of  a  high  rock, 
While  it  is  raining  on  earth,  that  as  soon  as  the  sun  is  unshrouded, 
They  may  accomplish  their  day's  work;  so  by  the  weapons  on  all  sides 
Pelted  yEneas  the  war-cloud,  till  it  had  thundered  its  utmost, 
Stems,  and  upbraidingly  challenges  Lausus,  and  menaces  Lausus:  810 

"Whither  art  rushing  to  perish,  and  risking  too  much  for  thy  vigor  ? 
Filial  devotion  incautious  deludes  thee."     He  still  as  a  madman 
Blusters:  and  now  the  Dardanian  champion's  merciless  vengeance 
Loftier  rises.     The  destinies  now  are  for  Lausus  the  last  threads 
Gathering  in;  for  ^neas  his  powerful  scimitar  ruthless  815 

Drives  through  the  midst  of  the  youth,  and  buries  it  wholly  within  him. 
Right  through  the  menacer's  targe,  and  his  delicate  armor,  the  keen  blade 
Passed,  through  the  tunic  his  mother  had  woven  in  tissue  of  gold  thread 
For  him,  and  blood  filled  all  of  his  bosom:  then  life  on  the  breezes 
Mournful  withdrew  to  the  shades,  and  abandoned  his  body  untimely.  820 

But  as  the  son  of  Anchises  in  truth  on  the  visage  and  features 
Gazed  of  the  dying — the  features  becoming  amazingly  pallid — 
Pitying  deeply  he  sighed,  and  instinctively  tendered  his  right  hand. 
Fresh  as  the  image  recurred  to  his  mind  of  regard  for  a  father: 
"  What  to  thee  now,  O  pitiable  boy,  for  these  laudable  efforts,  825 


BOOK    X.  207 

What  shall  ihc  piotis  /Kncas,  Iwfittinj^  such  nobleness,  render  ? 

Keep  It  -thine  armor,  in  which  thou  rcjoiccst,  and  I  to  thy  parent»' 

Shades  and  their  ashes,  if  this  can  be  any  recpiital,  remit  thee: 

Yet  thou  in  this,  thouj^h  unlucky,  canst  solace  thy  sorrowful  exit. 

That  by  the  hand  of  the  mij^hty  /Eneas  thou  fallest."     Abruptly  830 

Chide»  he  his  falterinj^  comrades,  as  K<-*ntly  from  earth  he  uplifts  him. 

Soiling  his  ringlets  with  blotxl,  that  were  combed  in  the  comeliest  fashion. 

Meanwhile  his  father  was  down  by  the  wave  of  the  stream  of  the  'ril)cr 
Staunrhiiij^  his  wound  with  its  waters,  and  resting  his  body,  reclining 
Close  by  the  trunk  of  a  tree.     At  a  distance  his  coppery  helmet  835 

Hanjjs  on  its  boughs,  and  at  rest  on  the  sod  is  his  cumbersome  armor: 
StaiuUng  around  are  his  warriors  chosen;  he  sickly  and  panting 
Eases  his  neck,  as  his  out-combed  beard  streamed  down  on  his  bosom; 
Often  he  asks  after  Lausus,  and  many  a  messenger  sends  he 

Back  to  recall  him,  and  bear  him  his  sorrowful  parent's  injunctions:  840 

Hut  on  his  armor  his  comrades  were  weepingly  liearing  the  lifeless 
Lausus  away — a  hero  o'ercome  by  the  wound  of  a  hero. 
Well  from  afar  did  his  mind,  presaging  the  evil,  their  moaning 
Know;  he  besprinkles  his  gray  locks  freely  with  dust,  and  his  folded 
Palms  uplifting  to  heaven,  he  clings  to  the  body  exclaiming:  S45 

**  Did  there  possess  me  so  shameless  a  longing  for  life,  as  to  let  thee. 
Whom  I  begat,  in  protection  of  me,  on  the  enemy's  right  hanti 
Recklessly  sally  ?     And  am  I  through  these  thy  wounds,  as  a  father 
Saved  by  thy  death  alive  ?     Ah  !  now  my  unfortiMiate  exile 

Renders  me  wretched  at  last  !     Now  deeply  the  wound  is  inflicted  !  850 

Yes;  and,  my  son,  I  have  tarnished  thy  name  by  my  heinous  offences; 
Banished  in  envious  hate  from  the  scejUres  and  throne  of  my  fathers, 
Had  I  the  |>enalty  paid  to  my  country  and  wrath  of  my  subjects, 
I  should  have  yielded  my  soul  as  deser\'ing  of  every  death-pang: 
Now,  though  I  live,  and  have  not  yet  (piittcd  mankind  and  the  daylight;  855 

Hut  I  will  quit  them!"     So  saying,  at  once  he  himself  on  his  crippled 
Thigh  upraises,  and  though  from  the  deep  wound  falters  his  vigor. 
Cowed  not,  he  orders  his  steed  to  be  l)rought  him,  for  he  was  his  glory, 
He  was  his  comfort:  on  him  he,  as  victor,  in  all  of  his  l)attles. 
Proudly  had  rode.     He  addresses  him  saddened,  and  thus  he  bespeaks  him:  860 
"  Rhccbus,  we  long,  if  anything  long  is  belonging  to  mortals. 
Long  we  have  lived:  but  to-day  thou  shalt  cither  in  triumph  yon  gory 
Spoils,  anil  the  head  of  /Kneas  return,  and  of  I^iusus's  distresses 
Be  the  avenger  with  me,  or,  if  no  resort  can  a  jxissagc 
Open,  shalt  die  at  my  side:  for,  my  gallant,  I  ween  thou  wilt  never  865 


208  THE    ^NEID. 

Brook  the  commands  of  another,  nor  cringe  to  the  tyrannous  Teucrans." 
Spake  he,  and  mounting  his  back,  he  adjusted  his  limbs  in  his  wonted 
Fashion,  and  loaded  his  two  hands  full  of  the  sharpest  of  javelins; 
Flashing  in  brass  was  his  forehead  and  shaggy  with  plumage  of  horse-hair. 

Thus  in  their  midst  did  he  rapid  give  chase.     There  surges  a  mighty        870 
Shame  in  his  single  heart,  and  a  madness  immingled  with  sorrow, 
Love,  too,  goaded  by  furies  and  conscious  possession  of  valor. 
Thrice  did  he,  then  and  there,  with  a  loud  voice  challenge  ^neas; 
But  not  in  vain,  for  ^Eneas  accepted,  and  prays  for  it  gladly: 
"  So  may  the  father  of  gods,  and  the  lofty  Apollo  ordain  it;  875 

Thou  shalt  begin  the  engagement: — " 

Thus  much  spake  he,  and  opposite  starts  with  inimical  war-spear; 
He  though:  "Why,  thou  unmerciful  wretch,  since  stealing  my  offspring, 
Frighten  me  ?     This  was  thine  only  possible  way  to  destroy  me. 
We  have  no  horror  of  death,  and  we  spare  no  deity  either  !  880 

Cease,  for  I  come  with  intention  of  dying,  and  these  are  the  gifts  I 
Bring  thee  before  it  !"     So  saying  he  hurled  at  the  foeman  a  weapon, 
Then  he  another  besides,  and  another  infixes,  and  round  in  a  mighty 
Circuit  he  flits;  but  the  golden  boss  is  sustaining  the  onset. 

Thrice  he  around  his  antagonist  rode  to  the  left  in  a  circle,  885 

Launching  the  shafts  from  his  hand,  and  thrice  does  the  hero  of  Troja 
Bear  with  him  round  on  his  target  of  brass  the  anomalous  thicket; 
Then,  when  tired  of  so  many  delays,  and  of  plucking  so  many 
Darts,  and  when  pressed  in  contending  in  such  an  unequal  encounter, 
Pondering  much  in  his  soul,  he  now  at  length  from  his  covert  890 

Springs,  and  between  the  war-steed's  sockety  temples  his  spear  hurls. 
Bolt  upright  the  animal  rears,  and  the  air  with  his  fore-feet 
Thrashes,  and  throwing  his  rider,  and  following  over  him  tangled 
Pins  him,  and  tumbles  head  foremost  with  shoulder  outsprawling  upon  him. 
Trojans  and  Latins  set  all  heaven  ablaze  with  their  shouting:  895 

Rushes  ^neas  upon  him,  and,  snatching  his  sword  from  its  scabbard, 
Over  him  thus:  "Where  now  is  thy  daring  Mezentius  ?    Where  that 
Desperate  vigor  of  soul  ?"     The  Tyrrhenian  counter,  as  upward 
Glancing  to  heaven  he  drew  in  a  breath  and  recovered  his  senses: 
"  Bitterest  foeman,  why  chide  me  and  menace  with  death  as  a  terror  ?  900 

Naught  is  thy  crime  in  my  slaughter;  not  thus  did  I  come  to  the  combat; 
Nor  did  my  Lausus  for  my  sake  make  such  a  covenant  with  thee. 
This  one  I  crave,  if  to  vanquished  foes  there  is  any  indulgence, 
Suffer  my  corpse  to  be  buried  in  earth;  for  I  know  that  relentless 
Hate  of  my  subjects  surrounds  me:  I  pray  thee  protect  from  their  fury;  905 


BOOK    X.  209 

(Irant  mc  but  this,  and  assign  mc  a  j^ravc  by  the  si<lc  of  my  offsprin^j  " 
Thus  he  l>cs|x:aks  him,  and,  consciously  yieldmjij  his  throat  to  the  broadswuri 
i'uurs  out  hu  life  in  Ihc  gurc  that  is  tlooding  inundant  bis  armur. 


BOOK  XI. 


Trophy  erected,  an  armistice  granted,  the  mourning  for  Pallas ; 
Cavalry  fight,  and  Camilla  the  Amazon  fatally  wounded. 


Meanwhile  Aurora,  arising,  already  hath  quitted  the  ocean: 
And  though  anxieties  prompt  him  to  grant  for  interring  his  comrades 
Time,  and  his  mind  is  disturbed  by  their  funeral,  still  was  ^neas 
Paying,  as  victor,  his  vows  to  the  gods  at  the  earliest  day-break. 
Trimming  the  branches  on  all  sides  off  of  a  sizable  oak-tree,  5 

Planted  he  it  on  a  mound,  and  adorned  it  with  glittering  armor, 
Chieftain  Mezentius'  relics,  devoted  to  thee  as  a  trophy, 
Patron  of  war;  he  attaches  the  plumage,  all  reeking  with  clotted 
Blood,  and  the  shattered  shafts  of  the  hero,  and  hit  in  a  dozen 
Places  his  shattered  cuirass,  and  his  buckler  of  bronze  on  its  left  hand  lo 

Fastens,  and  hangs  from  its  neck  his  scimitar  ivory-hilted. 

Then  he  exhorts  his  jubilant  comrades — for  all  the  attendant 
Throng  of  his  chieftains  were  closing  around  him — beginning  on  this  wise: 
"  Heroes,  our  mightiest  work  is  accomplished:  be  every  misgiving 
Banished  for  what  is  remaining;  for  these  are  the  spoils,  as  the  first  fruits,  15 

Won  from  the  insolent  king:  here  Mezentius  lies  by  our  own  hand  ! 
Now  for  us  clear  is  the  way  to  the  monarch  and  walls  of  the  Latins: 
Armor  provide  for  your  souls,  and  with  hope  be  forecasting  the  warfare. 
Lest,  when  supernals  at  length  shall  assent  to  our  plucking  the  standards. 
And  to  our  leading  the  troops  from  the  camps,  a  delay  may  impede  us,  20 

Caught  unawares,  or  a  palsying  feeling  of  panic  retard  us. 
Meanwhile  let  us  consign  to  the  earth  our  unburied  companions' 
Bodies:  the  only  respect  that  in  Acheron  deep  is  allowed  them. 
Go,"  he  exclaims,   "  and  the  notable  souls,  who  have  bought  with  their  life-blood 
For  us  this  land  as  our  country,  befittingly  honor  with  farewell  25 

210 


BOOK    \I.  211 

Presents;  and  first,  thou^jh,  away  to  the  sorrowful  town  of  Evandcr 

Let  brave  Pallas  be  sent,  whom,  never  in  valor  deficient, 

Off  hath  the  dark  tlay  taken  and  whelmed  in  a  bitter  removal." 

So  he  in  weeping  exclaims,  and  retraces  his  step  to  the  thresholds, 
Whi-rc  the  elder  Accutes  was  tenderly  giiardinj^  the  laid  out  jc 

Body  of  lifeless  Pallas:  he  once  the  Parrha.si;m  Kvander's 
Armor-bearer  had  been,  but  was  then  with  not  c(iually  happy 
Auspices  goinjj  as  escort  assigned  to  his  favorite  darling. 
All  his  attendant  slaves  were  around,  an  assemblage  of  motley 
Trojans  and  Ilian  matrons  with  tresses  as  wonted  disheveled.  35 

But  as  /Eneas  presented  himself  at  the  towering  gateways, 
Loud  from  their  beaten  breasts  is  the  moaning  they  raise  to  the  starry 
Orbs,  and  the  palace  reverberant  echoes  with  dolorous  wailing. 
There  as  he  gazed  on  the  pillowed  head  and  the  features  of  Pallas, 
Snow-white  now,  and  the  gaping  wound  of  Ausonian  sfK-ar-head  40 

Deep  in  his  delicate  bosom,  with  tears  upwelling  he  thus  speaks: 
"  Could  then  Fortune,  lamentable  boy,  when  she  greeted  me  gladsome. 
Envy  me  thee,  that  thou  never  shouldst  gaze  on  our  glorious  kingdom  ? 
Never,  as  victor,  be  borne  to  the  welcoming  home  of  thy  fathers  ? 
No  such  promise  had  I,  at  our  parting,  thy  parent  Evaiider  45 

Given  of  thee,  when  embracing  me  kindly  he  hojK'fulIy  sent  me 
Bound  for  a  mighty  dominion;  and,  fearing  the  issue,  forewarned  me 
There  would  be  valorous  heroes,  and  fights  with  a  rigorous  nation. 
Now,  in  the  shadowy  hope  of  thy  coming,  he,  greatly  enraptured 
Doubtless,  is  making  his  vows,  and  is  loading  the  altars  with  presents;  50 

Whilst  with  an  empty  pageant  we  mournful  attend  on  the  lifeless 
Youth,  who  now  is  for  nothing  indebted  to  any  celestials. 
Thou  shalt  unhappy  the  sorrowful  funeral  see  of  thine  offspring  ! 
Ah  !  and  are  these  our  returns  and  expected  triumjihal  processions? 
This  my  so  mighty  assurance  !     Yet  thou  shalt  bihoid  him,  Evander,  55 

Thrust  by  no  infamous  wounds;  nor  as  father  shalt  covet  a  direful 
Death  for  thy  son  as  survivor.     Ah  me  !  how  great  a  protection 
Hast  thou,  Ausonia,  lost,  and  how  great,  too,  hast  thou,  my  lillus  !" 

When  he  has  ended  his  weeping,  he  orders  the  pitiful  body 
Borne  to  its  home,  and,  select  from  the  whole  of  his  army,  a  thousand  60 

Heroes  he  sends  as  an  escort  to  render  funereal  honors, 
And  to  take  jxirt  in  the  tears  of  the  father— a  meagre  condolence. 
In  so  exceeding  a  sorrow,  but  due  to  the  agonized  parent. 
Others  unweariedly  weave  him  a  wicker-work  hurdle,  and  lithesome 
Bier  of  the  sprigs  of  the  trailing  arbutus  and  pliable  oaken  65 


212  THE    ^NEID. 

Twigs,  and  o'ershadow  the  upraised  couch  with  an  awning  of  garlands. 

Here,  on  the  rustic  litter  aloft  they  the  warrior  peaceful 

Lay,  as  a  beautiful  flower  just  plucked  by  the  thumb  of  a  maiden. 

Either  a  violet  soft,  or  a  languishing  hyacinth's  blossom, 

While  not  its  brightness,  nor  beauty  peculiar  as  yet  have  departed;  70 

Though,  as  its  mother,  earth  feeds  and  supplies  it  with  vigor  no  longer. 

Then  brought  forward  ^neas  a  couple  of  vestments  with  stiffened 
Golden  and  purple  embroidery,  which  the  Sidonian  Dido, 
Priding  herself  on  the  labors,  had  for  him  once  with  her  own  hands 
Wrought,  and  had  woven  its  stripes  with  a  delicate  tissue  of  gold-thread.  75 

Sadly  the  warrior  he  with  the  former  for  burial  service 
Robes,  and  enshrouds,  as  a  pall,  with  the  latter  his  cremable  ringlets; 
Further  he  many  a  prize,  won  from  the  Laurentian  combat, 
Masses,  and  orders  the  spoils  to  be  borne  in  extended  procession: 
Horses  he  adds,  and  the  weapons  of  which  he  had  plundered  the  foemen.  80 

There  he  had  pinioned  behind  them  the  hands  of  the  prisoners  whom  he 
Sent  for  the  shades  of  the  hero,  to  sprinkle  the  flames  with  the  their  slaughterer' 
Blood;  and  he  bids  the  commanders  themselves  to  carry  the  tree-trunks 
Clad  in  the  enemy's  armor,  with  the  names  of  the  foemen  appended. 
There,  too,  unhappy  Acoetes,  encumbered  with  age,  is  conducted  85 

Beating  his  breasts  with  his  fists,  and  with  finger-nails  marring  his  features: 
Grovels  he  low,  and  is  sprawled  on  the  earth  with  the  whole  of  his  body. 
Lead  they  the  chariots  also,  besmeared  by  Rutulian  slaughter: 
After  these  comes,  too,  stripped  of  his  gorgeous  trappings,  his  war-horse 
yEthon,  weeping  and  drenching  his  visage  profusely  with  great  drops  !  90 

Others  are  bearing  his  helmet  and  spear — for  the  rest  is  the  victor 
Turnus  possessing.     Then  follow — a  sorrowful  phalanx — the  Teucran 
Troops,  and  Tyrrhenians  all,  and  Arcadians,  trailing  their  armor. 

After  the  whole  long  line  of  attendants  had  passed  in  procession, 
Halted  .^neas,  and  thus  with  a  deep-drawn  sighing  he  added:  95 

"  Hence  do  the  self-same  horrible  fortunes  of  war  unto  fresh  tears 
Beckon  us  on.     All  hail  for  me  ever,  illustrious  Pallas  ! 
Hail,  and  forever  farewell  !"      He,  saying  no  more,  to  the  lofty 
Walls  was  advancing,  and  wending  his  steps  to  the  camp  grounds. 

Here  had  already  ambassadors  come  from  the  Latian  city,  100 

Veiled  with  the  boughs  of  the  olive,  and  asking  a  special  concession. 
That  he  restore  them  the  corpses  that  lay  by  the  scimitar  scattered 
Over  the  plains,  and  permit  them  to  sink  to  repose  in  an  earth-mound. 
That  there  no  longer  be  strife  with  the  vanquished,  and  heroes  of  ;^ther 
Reft,  and  to  spare  those  formerly  reckoned  his  hosts  and  relations.  105 


BOOK    XI.  213 

Whom  the  bcnijjnani  /hncas,  they  a.skin;^  tur  nothinjj  obiioxiuus, 

Grants  the  concession,  and  this  to  their  wonU  in  adiiitiun  adduces; 

••Tell  me,  ye  L;Uins,  what  fortune  unworthy  in  such  a  disiistrous 

War  hath  involved  you,  to  make  you  abandon  our  friendly  alliance  ? 

Is  it  a  truce  for  the  lifeless,  and  those  who  arc  lost  in  the  chancc-likc  1 10 

Havoc  of  Mars,  that  ye  seek  ?     I  would  fain  to  the  living  concede  it: 

I  had  not  come,  if  the  Kates  had  not  granted  me  piace  and  a  homestead; 

I  am  not  waging  a  war  on  your  nation:  your  king  has  our  friendship 

Left,  and  hath  rather  entrusteil  himself  to  the  arm  )r  of  Turnus. 

It  had  been  fairer  for  Turnus  this  ilcalh  to  encounter  in  person:  115 

If  he  were  ready  to  finish  the  war,  and  to  banish  the  Teucrans 

Hence  by  his  hand,  it  behooved  him  to  meet  me  with  wea|>)ns  in  combat; 

He  should  have  lived  then  to  whom  had  assigned  it  his  god  or  his  right  hand* 

Go  now,  and  beneath  your  bewailable  citizens  kindle  a  Iwnfire  !  " 

Thus  had  ^-Eneas  s[xjken:  they  stood  in  amazement  in  silence,  120 

Glancing  their  eyes  at  each  other,  and  holding  their  teaturcs  embarrassed. 
Then  does  Drances  the  aged,  and  always  with  spites  and  invectives 
Hostile  to  champion  Turnus,  resjxjnsively  thus  in  attempted 
Utterance  answer:  *•  O  great  in  renown,  and  yet  greater  in  armor. 
Hero  of  Troja,  with  what  due  praise  shall  I  laud  thee  to  heaven  ?  125 

Shall  I  admire  thine  integrity  first,  or  achievements  in  battle  ? 
Gratefully  will  we  assuredly  carry  these  messages  back  to  our  native 
City,  and  join  thee  in  league  with  our  monarch  Latinus,  if  fortune 
Cirant  us  a  way,  and  let  Turnus  seek  out  for  himself  an  alliance. 
Nay,  it  will  be  our  delight  to  unite  in  upraising  its  destined  ijo 

Masses  of  walls,  and  upbear  on  our  shoulders  the  ashlars  of  Troja." 
Thus  had  he  spoken,  and  all  were  with  one  voice  shouting  the  same  thiiigr. 
They  have  a  twelve  days*  arnistice  settled,  and  under  its  jxrnding 
'Truce,  through  the  forests,  impunely  immingled,  the  Latins  and  Teucrans 
Rambled  the  riilges.     The  ash  trees  ring  with  the  strokes  of  the  two-edged      135 
A.\es:  they  level  the  pines  that  upshoot  to  the  stars,  and  incessant. 
Cleaving  the  oaks  and  the  odorous  cedar  with  beetle  and  wedges. 
Carry  the  wild-ash  timl>ers  away  in  their  lumbering  wagons. 

Rumor  already  is  Hitting,  the  herald  of  sorrow  so  crushing. 
Filling  Evander,  ami  homes  and  walls  of  Evander  with  mt>urning —  140 

Rumor  that  late  was  in  Latium  telling  of  Pallas  as  victor. 
Forth  to  the  gates  have  Arcadians  rushed,  and  in  primitive  fashion 
Seized  their  funereal  torches:  the  highway  gleams  with  the  long  bright 
Row  of  their  flambeaus,  and  lights  up  widely  the  neighlwring  meadows. 
Opposite  coming  the  throng  of  the  Phrygians  join  with  the  wailing  145 


214  THE   ^NEID. 

Columns.     As  soon  as  the  matrons  have  seen  them  approaching  the  royal 

Mansions,  they  set  in  a  blaze  by  their  clamors  the  sorrowing  city. 

Now  can  no  possible  influence  stay  the  impatient  Evander; 

But  in  their  midst  he  comes.     He,  as  soon  as  the  bier  can  be  lowered, 

Prostrate  has  fallen  on  Pallas,  and  clings  to  him  weeping  and  moaning  !  iro 

Scarcely  at  length,  in  his«grief,  is  a  passage  for  utterance  opened: 

"  Thou  hadst  not  given  these  promises,  Pallas,  as  due  to  thy  parent, 

That  on  unmerciful  Mars  thou  wouldest  more  cautiously  venture: 

I  was  not  unaware  of  a  novice's  glory  in  armor, 

And  how  entrancing  the  glamour  would  be  of  the  earliest  onset.  155 

Wretched  are  youth's  first  fruits,  and  the  rudiments  stern  of  approaching 

War  !     And  by  none  of  the  gods  have  my  vows  and  petitions  been  kindly 

Heard;  and,  my  holiest  spouse,  thou  art  happy  indeed  in  an  early 

Death  !  thou  hast  not  been  kept  for  the  pang  of  this  terrible  sorrow; 

I,  though,  by  living,  have  thwarthed  my  fates,  and  surviving  I  lonely  160 

Linger  as  father  !     O  would  that  Rutulian  weapons  had  whelmed  me, 

Joining  the  friendly  alliance  of  Teucrans,  that  I  had  my  own  life 

Given,  and  homeward  this  pageant  were  me,  and  not  Pallas,  escorting  ! 

But,  O  ye  Teucrans,  I  censure  not  you,  nor  our  league,  nor  the  right  hand 

Which  we  hospitably  plighted:  it  was  an  allotment  to  old  age  165 

Due.     And  what  if  untimely  death  was  awaiting  my  offspring  ! 

Yet  it  will  cheer  to  remember  that  thousands  of  Volscians  weltered, 

Ere  he  had  fallen  in  leading  on  Latium  bravely  the  Teucrans  ! 

Nay,  I  can  deem  thee  not  worthy,  my  Pallas,  of  funeral  honors 

Other  than  those  which  the  pious  ^neas,  than  Phrygian  nobles,  170 

Aye,  the  Tyrrhenian  chieftains,  and  all  the  Tyrrhenian  army  award  thee! 

Grand  are  the  trophies  they  bring  me  of  those  whom  to  slaughter  thy  right  hand 

Dooms:  and  thou,  too,  O  Turnus,  in  armor  hadst  stood  an  unsightly 

Trunk,  if  by  reason  of  years  had  been  equal  his  age,  and  his  strength  been 

Even.     But  why  am  I  hapless  detaining  the  Teucrans  in  armor?  175 

Go  ye,  and  back  to  your  monarch  remember  to  carry  these  mandates; 

Tell  him  I  linger  a  loathsome  existence  since  Pallas  is  taken, 

But  that  the  cause  is  thine  own  right  hand,  which  owes,  as  thou  seest, 

Turnus  to  child  and  to  parent:  and  this  is  the  only  position 

Left  for  thy  merits  and  services  now:  life's  pleasure  I  do  not  180 

Crave,  it  were  wrong,  but  to  carry  the  news  to  my  child  in  the  deep  shades." 

Meanwhile  Aurora  had  lifted  for  suffering  mortals  the  genial 
Daylight,  bringing  again  the  renewal  of  toils  and  of  labors. 
Father  Alnea.ii,  and  Tarchon,  already  away  on  the  winding- 
Shore  have  constructed  funereal  pyres,  and  the  corpses  of  comrades  185 


ItHOK    XI. 


-o 


Each  in  the  mode  of  his  falhcrn,  hath  brought,  and  l>cncath  them  the  dark  fires 

Thrust;  and  the  lofty  sky  by  the  smoke  is  enshrouded  in  blackness. 

I'hree  times  round  the  enkindled  piles  they  have,  girded  with  ^^icamini; 

Armor,  [xiraded  ;  and  three  times  rounil  the  funeral's  mournful 

Kire,  have  on  horse-back  trailed,  and  vociferous  uttered  their  waiiinj^s:  190 

Karth  is  l)cs|)rinkk'd  with  tears,  and  besprinkled  their  radiant  armor; 

Kcho  to  heaven  the  ilamor  of  men  and  the  clangor  of  trumpets. 

Hence  on  the  fire  some  are  flinginj^  the  s|X)ils  stripfK-d  off  of  the  slauichtered 

Latins,  the  helmets,  and  splendidly  mounted  swords,  and  the  gilded 

Bridles,  and  glittering  wheels;  while  a  jwrtion  are  bringing  the  well  known        195 

Presents,  their  own  spurned  bucklers,  and  wea[x)ns  accounted  unlucky. 

Many  around  are  the  bodies  of  oxen  devoted  to  slaughter. 

Bristly  swine,  anil  the  cattle  sequestered  from  all  the  ndjacent 

Pastures  they  butcher  and  thrt)\von  the  flames.     They  then  on  the  whole  shore 

Gaze  on  their  burning  companions,  and  carefully  treasure  the  half-charred       200 

Embers,  nor  can  they  yet  tear  themselves  thence,  till  the  moistening  midnight 

Hour  hath  inverted  the  heavens,  bestudded  with  glittering  star-lights. 

No  less,  too,  in  a  different  part  have  the  sorrowing  latins 
Builded  innumerous  pyres;  and  they  many  a  warriors  Ixxly 
Bury,  a  part  in  the  earth,  and  a  part  to  the  neighboring  meadows  205 

Carry,  and  lifting  them  tenderly  send  them  away  to  the  city: 
While  they  the  rest,  a  prodigious  stack  of  promiscuous  carnage. 
Numberless,  honorless,  burn;  then  on  every  side  the  immense  fields 
Rivalrous,  each  with  the  other,  are  shining  with  clustering  l)<)nfires. 
When  had  the  third  day  scattered  from  heaven  the  shivering  shadows,  210 

Sad  they  were  raking  a  high  ash-heap,  and  confusedly  mingled 
Bones  on  the  hearths,  and  with  warm  earth-barrow  uploading  the  relics. 
Now,  though,  is  heard  in  the  dwellings  and  city  of  wealthy  Latinus 
Special  explosion,  and  there  is  the  mightiest  part  of  protracted 
Mourning:  there  mothers,  and  sorrowing  daughters-in-law,  and  the  loving       215 
Bosoms  of  sisters,  and  boys  who  had  l)een  l)ereaved  of  their  (urents» 
Curse  the  detestable  war,  and  the  odious  nuptials  of  Turnus; 
Bid  they  himself  by  his  armor,  himself  with  his  sabre  decide  it, 
Who  for  himself  claims  Italia's  realm,  and  her  principal  honors. 
Rancorous  Drances  increases  these  murmurs,  attesting  that  Turnus  220 

Only  IS  summoned,  and  challenged  alone  to  a  [K'rsonal  combat: 
Still  there  are  many  opinions,  in  varied  and  counter  expressions. 
Favoring  Turnus:  the  great  name,  too,  of  the  queenly  Amata 
Screens,  and  the  ample  renown  of  his  meriting  trophies  sustains  him. 

Mid  these  commotions  anon,  in  the  midst  of  the  ebulent  tumult,  225 


2l6  THE    ^NEID. 

Lo  !  in  addition,  the  saddened  ambassadors  bring  from  the  mighty- 
City  of  Diomede  answers,  that  nothing  by  all  their  expended 
Arduous  toils  was  effected;  that  naught  had  their  presents  availed  them, 
Nothing  their  gold,  and  their  urgent  entreaties;  that  Latins  to  other 
Arms  must  resort,  or  must  seek  for  a  peace  from  the  sovereign  of  Troja.  730 

Monarch  Latinus  himself  succumbs  to  inordinate  sorrow: 
For,  that  ^neas  is  fatedly  brought  by  their  manifest  sanction. 
Deities  wrath,  and  the  new-made  graves  in  their  presence,  admonish; 
Hence  an  imposing  council  of  state,  and  the  chiefs  of  his  subjects 
Cited  by  edict,  he  gathers  within  his  imperial  thresholds.  235 

They  have  assembled  and  stream  through  the  thronging  street  to  the  royal 
Mansions.     Latinus,  their  primate  in  age,  and  with  sceptre  their  sovereign, 
Takes  his  seat  in  their  midst  with  no  joyousness  lighting  his  forehead. 
But  he  the  embassy,  lately  returned  from  ^'Etolia's  city, 

Bids  state  what  they  reported  in  brief,  and  demands  the  responses  240 

Each  in  their  order.     Then,  after  the  tongues  have  been  hushed  into  silence, 
Venulus  thus,  the  injunction  obeying,  begins  the  recital: 

'■'■  Citizens,  yes,  we  have  Diomede  seen,  and  the  camps  of  the  Argives, 
Measured  the  journey  throughout,  and  surmounted  its  every  hazard; 
Yea,  and  have  touched  that  hand  by  which  Ilian  sovereignty  crumbled.  245 

He,  as  a  victor,  was  founding  the  city  Argyripa,  titled 
Thus  from  his  national  clan,  in  the  fields  of  lapygian  Garganus. 
Ushered,  and  after  permission  was  granted  of  speaking  before  him, 
Duly  we  proffer  our  presents,  and  tell  him  our  name  and  our  country; 
Who  had  assailed  us  in  war,  and  what  errand  had  drawn  us  to  Arpi.  250 

So  when  heard,  he  thus  with  a  placid  expression  responded: 
'  O  ye  fortunate  nations,  and  kingdoms  befriended  by  Saturn, 
Ancient  Ausonians,  tell  me  what  fortune  it  is  that  disturbs  your 
Quiet,  and  prompts  you  to  hazard  the  risk  of  a  dubious  warfare. 
All  of  us,  who  have  polluted  the  Ilian  plains  with  the  sabre —  255 

Those  dire  miseries  suffered  in  warring  beneath  those  majestic 
Walls,  and  the  heroes  whom  Samois  whelmed,  I  omit — have  encountered 
Sufferings  untold  in  the  world  and  all  penalties  paid  for  offenses, 
Nay,  are  a  band  to  be  pitied  by  Priam:  Minerva's  unlucky 

Star  is  aware,  and  the  cliffs  of  Euboea,  and  vengeful  Caphereus.  260 

On,  from  that  long  campaign,  we  were  scattered  to  different  seaboards, 
Atreus'  son,  Menelaiis,  as  far  as  to  Proteus'  pillars. 
Wanders  in  exile:  Ulysses  hath  gazed  on  the  ^^^tnean  Cyclops. 
Shall  I  to  Neoptolemus'  realm,  and  Idomeneus'  wasted 
Homesteads  refer,  or  to  Locrians  dwelling  on  Libya's  seacoasts  '  265 


BOOK    XI.  217 

Even  the  prince  of  Mycenx.  the  chief  of  the  mighty  Achaians, 

Just  as  he  cntcrctl  his  hume,  by  the  hatui  of  his  treacherous  consort, 

rcrishcd,  and  low  the  adulterer  crouched  for  his  Asian  conquest  ! 

How,  too,  the  deities  (trudged  my  return  to  my  national  altars, 

(Irudjjcd  me  my  coveted  marriajje,  and  Inrautiful  Calydon  seeing  ;  «70 

Now  even  portents  of  horrible  aspect  unt<  ,  haunt  me; 

Yea,  and  my  lost  comivmions  on  pinions  l..v».   ..lountetl  to  heaven, 

Or  liy  the  rivers  are  roaming  as  birds  !     Ah  !  shocking  my  comrades' 

Miseries — filling  the  trngs  with  their  tearfully  dolorous  voicesi 

These  were  the  issues  indeed  that  I  might  have  already  expected,  275 

On  from  that  time  when  I  madly  with  sabre  assaulted  celestial 

Forms,  and  al)uscd  with  a  wound  the  hand  of  the  lieautiful  Venus. 

Do  not,  I  beg  you,  O  do  not  impel  me  to  any  such  conflicts: 

1  have  no  war  with  the  Tcucrans — not  any  since  Pergamus'  downfall: 

Nor  do  I  ever  recall  or  rejoice  in  their  former  disasters.  28c 

Presents  intended  for  me,  which  ye  bring  from  the  shores  of  your  country. 

Take  to  i4i)neas:  we  once  have  withstood  his  redoubtable  weapons; 

Once  we  contended  together;  and  knowing  by  trial,  l)elieve  me. 

How  on  his  buckler  he  rises,  with  what  a  tornado  his  war-spear 

Hurls'     If  the  region  of  Ida  had  only  contributed  two  such  285 

Heroes,  at  pleasure  had  Dardanus  on  to  Inachian  cities 

Come,  and  Cirecia  had  finally  mourned  the  reverse  of  her  fortunes! 

What  of  detention  there  was  at  the  ramparts  of  obstinate  Troja, 

'Twas  by  the  prowess  of  Hector  and  hand  of  /Eneas  that  Grecian 

Victory  lingered,  and  on  to  the  tenth  year  tarried  its  footsteps:  290 

Both  were  in  spirits,  and  Ixith  in  preeminent  armor  distinguished, 

This  one  in  piety  prior.     Then  let  in  alliance  your  rght  hands 

Join  where  allowed;  but  beware  of  encountering  armor  with  armor. 

Thus  hast  thou  heard,  and  at  once,  O  excellent  sovereign  of  sovereigns, 

What  are  his  answers,  and  what  is  his  view  of  this  oniinous  warfare."  295 

Scarce  had  the  embassy  uttered  these  words,  and  a  various  murmur 
Ran  through  the  wavering  throng  of  .\usonians:  just  as  when  ledges 
Choke  the  impetuous  torrents,  a  rumble  is  heard  in  the  pent  up 
Flood,  and  the  neighboring  banks  resound  with  the  dash  of  the  surges. 
Soon  as  their  spirits  were  calmed,  and  their  turbulent  mouths  were  quiescent.  3^0 
Praying  to  deities  first,  thus  commences  the  king  from  his  high  thrt>ne: 
*'  I  could  have  wished  it,  and  it  had  been  better,  ye  I-itins,  beforehand 
To  have  decided  on  matters  of  moment,  and  not  at  a  time  like 
This  to  assemble  a  council,  when  foes  are  besetting  our  ramparts. 
Citizens,  we  are  but  waging  untimely  a  war  on  a  god-sprung  305 


2l8  THE    /ENEID. 

Race,  and  at  strife  with  invincible  heroes,  whom  never  a  battle 

Wearies,  and  who,  though  conquered,  can  never  refrain  from  the  sabre. 

Hope,  if  ye  any  have  had  in  yEtolia's  federate  armies. 

Banish;  for  each  one  now  is  a  hope  to  himself,  and  ye  see  how  » 

Meagre  this  is — in  what  ruin  lie  scattered  our  other  resources —  310 

All  are  before  your  eyes  and  within  your  hands  to  consider:  , 

Yet  I  accuse  no  one,  for  our  valor  hath  done  to  its  utmost 

All  that  it  could:  we  have  striven  with  all  the  strength  of  the  kingdom. 

Now  will  I  therefore  unburden  before  you  the  views  of  my  puzzied 

Mind,  and  will  briefly — apply  your  attention — explain  my  opinions.  315 

I  have  a  section  of  primitive  country,  adjoining  the  Tuscan 

River  afar  to  the  West,  and  beyond  the  Sicanian  confines 

Even;  Auruncans  and  Rutuli  sow  it,  and  furrow  its  rock-bound 

Hills  with  the  plowshare,  and  pasture  their  flocks  on  the  ruggedest  of  them. 

Let  now  the  whole  of  this  glebe,  and  the  pine-clad  range  of  its  lofty  320 

Mountains  be  ceded  in  fee  to  the  Teucrans,  and  let  us  accord  them 

Mutual  terms  of  a  league,  and  invite  them  to  share  in  the  kingdom: 

Let  them  there  settle,  if  such  they  desire,  and  establish  them  ramparts; 

But  if  their  mind  is  to  gain  them  another  domain,  and  another 

Nation,  and  they  are  disposed  to  depart  from  our  soil  on  the  ocean,  325 

Let  us  in  amity  twice  ten  ships  of  Italian  live-oak 

Build  them,  or  more  if  able  to  fill  them;  for  all  of  the  timber 

Lies  by  the  water,  and  they  can  the  number  and  size  of  the  vessels 

Order,  and  let  us  supply  them  with  money  and  hands  and  equipments. 

Further,  to  bear  our  dispatches,  and  ratify  duly  the  treaties,  330 

I  should  be  pleased,  if  a  hundred  first-class  Latian  envoys 

Go,  and  extend  in  their  hands  the  branches  of  peace  for  alliance, 

Carrying  presents,  and  talents  of  gold  and  of  ivory  with  them; 

Yes,  and  the  chair,  and  the  robe,  and  the  badges  of  state  of  our  kingdom: 

Calmly  consult  for  our  weal,  and  relieve  our  embarrassed  condition."  335 

Then  the  inimical  Drances — the  same  whom  the  glory  of  Turnus 
Ever  was  goading  with  squint-eyed  envy,  and  bitter  incentives; 
Free  with  his  money  and  freer  with  tongue,  but  his  hand  was  in  warfare 
Frigid,  and  yet  he  in  counsels  was  counted  no  futile  adviser; 
Potent  in  faction,  his  mother's  nobility  gave  him  exalted  340 

Rank,  though  the  rank  he  derived  from  his  father  was  doubtful — 
Rises,  and  loads  him  with  taunts,  and  intensifies  rancor  against  him: 
"  Generous  sovereign,  the  subject  on  which  thou  demandest  our  counsel 
Is  an  enigma  to  none,  and  in  need  of  no  voicing:  all  own  they 
Know  what  the  weal  of  the  people  may  warrant,  but  shrink  to  express  it.  345 


BOOK  xr.  219 

Let  him  allow  us  a  freedom  of  speech,  aod  );ive  over  his  bluster, 

Prompted  l»y  whose  unfortunate  prcstitjc  and  smister  conduct — 

Yes,  I  will  !i|H.-ak,  thoujjh  he  threat  mc  with  armor  and  extermination'^ 

See  we  how  many  a  li^ht  of  our  leaders  hath  set,  and  how  all  this 

City  is  sitting  in  mourmnj;,  while  he  is  assaulting  the  Trojan  350 

Camps,  yet  trusting  to  flight  and  is  frightening  heaven  with  armor. 

One  gift  more  with  the  rest,  which  thou  biddcst  l)e  hence  to  the  Dardans 

Sent  and  announced;  there  is  one  that  thou  shouldest.  O  excellent  sovereign. 

Add,  and  allow  the  malignance  of  none  to  prevent  thee,  as  father, 

(living — thy  daughter,  in  worthy  espousals,  at  length  to  a  noble  355 

Son-in-law,  and  cementing  this  peace  in  eternal  alliance. 

Hut,  if  so  craven  a  terror  possesses  our  minds  .-.nd  our  bosoms. 

Let  us  entreat  him,  and  beg  this  indulgency  of  him,  to  kindly 

Yield,  and  surrender  this  privileged  right  to  his  sovereign  and  country 

Why  dost  so  often  in  open  perils  thy  pitiful  townsmen  360 

Plunge  ?     On  to  Latium,  thou  who  art  head  and  the  cause  of  these  evils  ' 

Safety  is  not  in  the  war:  we  all  in  a  body,  O  Turnus, 

Sue  thee  for  peace,  for  its  only  inviolate  pledge  we  entreat  thee; 

Chiefly  do  I,  whom  thou  countest  a  foe — and  I  shirk  not  to  l)e  so^ 

Lo  I  as  a  suppliant  come,  and  implore  thee  to  pity  thy  kinsmen;  j  .^ 

Check  thy  emotions,  and  beaten  retire.     We  defeateil  have  witnessed 

Carnage  enough,  and  have  wasted  enough  of  our  bountiful  grain-fields: 

Or,  if  renown  is  thy  motive,  if  such  is  the  vigor  thou  deemest 

Lodged  in  thy  breast,  if  thy  heart  is  so  set  on  a  doweried  fwlace. 

Venture,  and  offer  unshrinking  thy  bosom  in  facing  the  foeman.  370. 

Must  we,  forsooth,  that  a  royal  bride  may  be  given  to  Turnus, 

Must  we  be  strewn  on  the  plains,  vile  souls,  an  unwept  and  unburied 

Rabble?     Do  thou,  if  indeed  thou  hast  any  ability  m  thee; 

If  thou  hast  aught  of  ancestral  Mars,  go  look  on  the  foe  who 

Challenges: — "  375 

Fiercely,  at  such  words,  kindled  the  violent  passions  of  Turnus; 
Heaves  he  a  sigh,  as  he  vents  these  retorts  from  his  innermost  bosom: 
•*  Ample,  O  Drances,  in  sjjeaking  indeed  is  thy  fluency  always; 
Then,  when  wars  are  demanding  the  troops,  and  the  fathers  are  summoned. 
Thou  art  there  first!  but  this  court  is  not  to  be  filled  with  invectives,  3.S0 

Flitting  superbly  to  thee  unharmed,  while  the  mound  of  our  breastworks 
Hinders  the  foe,  and  the  trenches  are  not  overflowing  with  carnage. 
Thunder  away  with  thine  eloquence  then,  as  accustometi;  and,  Drances, 
Chargcst  thou  me  with  timidity,  when  hath  devoted  thy  right  hand 
Such  huge  heaps  of  weltering  Teucrans,  and  widely  with  trophies  3S5 


22P  THE    ^NEID. 

Blazoned  the  fields  ?     What  vivacious  valor  can  do  it  is  easy 

For  thee  to  test;  for  we  need  not  assuredly  far  for  the  foemen 

Search:  they  are  standing  in  every  direction  around  our  entrenchments. 

March  we  against  the  assailants!     Why  lingerest  thou  ?     Will  thy  martial 

Spirit  be  always  in  blustering  tongue,  and  in  feet  that  are  only  390 

Fleet  in  a  flight  ? — 

Am  I  then  beaten  !  or  who,  thou  contemptible  varlet,  can  justly 

Argue  me  beaten,  who  soon  will  behold  the  intumefied  Tiber 

Flushing  with  Ilian  blood,  and  the  house  of  Evander  completely 

Prostrate,  its  issue  extinct,  and  Arcadians  stripped  of  their  armor  ?  395 

Bitias  did  not  thus,  nor  did  stalwart  Pandarus  find  me; 

Nay,  nor  the  thousands  to  Tartarus  I  in  a  day,  as  a  victor, 

Sent,  when  enclosed  in  their  walls,  and  hemmed  in  the  enemy's  breastworks. 

<  Safety  is  not  in  the  war  ?'     Go,  simpleton,  chant  to  the  Dardan 

Chief  and  thy  cliques  such  strains:  and  cease  not  hence  to  unsettle  400 

All  things  round  by  an  ominous  dread,  and  the  strength  of  a  twice-whipped 

Nation  extol,  and  disparage  against  them  the  arms  of  the  Latins  ! 

Tremble  the  Myrmidon  champions  now  at  the  Phrygian  armor  !. 

'Tremble  now  also  Tydides,  and  the  Larissaean  Achilles  ! 

Back,  too,  the  river  Aufidus  flees  from  the  Adria's  surges  !  405 

Else  when  this  scamp  of  a  schemer  pretends  he  against  my  reproaches 

'Quailed,  he  the  charge  was  embittering  only  by  dastardly  terror. 

Never  shalt  thou  such  a  soul  by  this  right  hand— do  not  be  frightened — 

Lose;  let  it  dwell  with  thee  still,  and  remain  in  thy  cowardly  bosom. 

Now  I  return,  O  father,  to  thee,  and  thy  weighty  discussions.  410 

If  on  the  strength  of  our  arms  thou  no  longer  reposest  reliance; 
If  we  are  so  forlorn,  and  because  a  battalion  has  once  been 
Worsted,  are  utterly  prostrate,  and  fortune  has  never  a  back-step. 
Then  we  will  sue  for  a  peace,  and  defenselessly  tender  our  right  hands: 
Though,  O  would  there  were  some  of  our  wonted  valor  remaining  !  415 

He,  methinks,  in  his  labors  is  lucky  and  noble  of  spirit, 
E'en  above  others,  who  ere  he  hath  seen  such  a  shame  has  already 
Fallen  in  death,  and  hath  bitten  the  ground  with  his  mouth  at  the  same  time. 
But  if  resources  are  ours,  and  our  warriors  yet  are  undaunted, 
If,  too,  Italia' s  cities  and  tribes  are  surviving  to  aid  us;  420 

Aye,  and  if  glory  has  come  to  the  Trojans  with  copious  bloodshed — 
Funerals  liave  they  of  theirs,  and  o'er  all  there  hath  hurtled  an  equal 
Tempest — then  why  do  we  cravenly  quail  at  the  outermost  threshold  ? 
Why  does  a  tremor  pervade  our  joints  ere  the  trumpet  is  sounded  ? 
Days,  and  the  changeable  labor  of  varying  time  has  converted  425 


BOOK    XI.  221 

Many  a  lot  i«)  a  hcttcr;  and  many  a  man  hath  alternate 

Fortune  be;;iiiU-tl  anti  attain  revisititjj^  sittlcd  on  firn»  jjround. 

True  the  .-Ktolian  chieftain  and  Arpi  no  aid  wilt  afford  us; 

Hut  Mess;ipus  will  aid,  and  Tolumnius  lucky,  and  all  these 

Chiefs  whom  so  many  a  tril>c  has  sent;  nor  shall  trivial  glory  43« 

Follow  the  chosen  from  I^tium's  realms,  and  from  I^urcntine  lowlands. 

There  from  the  V'olscian's  notaUe  clan  is  the  maiden  Camilla 

Leadin){  her  cavalry  corps,  and  her  scjuads  efnorcscent  in  copper. 

liiit  if  the  Teucrans  demand  me  alone  U)  determine  the  contest. 

And  if  it  please  you,  and  I  am  so  blockinjj  the  good  of  the  public,  435 

Victor)'  surely  has  not  so  abhorrently  fled  from  my  clutches, 

Ihat  I  should  shrink  to  attempt  what  presents  so  inviting  a  prospect: 

IJold  I  against  him  will  go,  though  he  rival  the  mighty  Achilles, 

And  he  etjuip  him  in  like  arms  wrought  by  the  hands  of  a  Vulcan. 

I  have  devoted  this  life  to  you  and  to  father  I>atinus,  440 

I  even  Turnus,  in  valor  a  second  to  none  of  the  ancients. 

Does,  then,  /F2neas  challenge  me  only  ?     I  beg  him  to  challenge  ! 

Let  nt)t  I) ranees, however,  should  this  be  the  deities'  vengeance. 

Pay  it  with  death,  or,  if  valor  and  victory,  bear  otf  the  laurels." 

Thus  they  among  themselves  were  contentiously  dealing  with  doubtful     445 
Points,  while  .-Fineas  was  moving  his  camps  and  his  lines  for  a  battle: 
Lo  !  through  the  royal  mansions,  in  haste  with  a  clamorous  uproar. 
Rushes  a  messenger,  filling  the  city  with  ominous  terrors, 
Stating  that  Teucrans  have  marshalled  in  line  at  the  stream  of  the  Til)er, 
And  all  over  the  plains  the  Tyrrhenian  troop  is  descending.  450 

Instantly  then  were  their  spirits  pcrturl>ed,  and  the  breasts  of  the  rabble 
Startled,  and  wrath  is  awakened  by  nowise  gentle  incentives: 
Armor  at  hand  thfty  excited  demand;   for  their  armor  the  soldiers 
Storm,  and  the  fathers  disconsolate  weep  and  demur.      Here  a  mighty 
Clamor  on  all  sides  rings  on  the  air  from  their  varied  tlissensions,  455 

Just  as  perchance  in  a  lofty  grove,  when  a  cluster  of  wild  fowls 
.Settle,  or  when  by  the  fish-stocked  streams  of  Padusa  the  hoarse-voiced 
Swans  on  the  chattering  pools  give  vent  to  their  dissonant  racket. 
*'  Certainly,  citizens,"  Turnus  exclaims,  as  he  seized  the  occasion, 
"  Summon  your  council,  and  loud  be  your  praises  of  peace  in  your  session*     46c 
Let  them  in  armor  rush  over  your  realms!"     He  parleyed  no  more,  but 
Started  abruptly,  and  hastily  left  the  imperial  mansions: 
"  Volusus,  order  the  Volcian  companies  armeil  for  the  onset; 
Marshal,"  says  he,  "  the  Rutulian  troops;  and  Messapus  and  Coras, 
Scatter  in  armor  your  cavalry  over  the  plains  with  your  brothers:  465 


22  2  THE    ^NEID. 

Let  part  guard  the  approach  to  the  city,  and  mantle  the  turrets; 
Let  the  remaining  troop  bear  armor  with  me  where  I  bid  them." 

Presently  all  through  the  town  there  is  hurrying  off  to  the  breastworks: 
Father  Latinus  himself  the  council  of  state,  and  his  mighty 

Projects  abandons,  and,  troubled,  adjourns  in  the  gloomy  emergence;  470 

Much  he  accuses  himself  that  he  did  not  receive  with  a  welcome 
Dardan  ^neas,  and  take  him  as  son-in-law  into  the  city. 
Some  dig  trenches  in  front  of  the  portals,  and  boulders  and  piling 
Heave  for  a  palisade.     Hoarsely  the  bugle  its  signal  of  carnage 
Sounds  for  the  battle.     Then  matrons  and  boys,  in  a  motley  assemblage,         475 
Girdled  the  battlements:  all  does  the  final  catastrophe  summon. 
Further  the  queen  to  the  temple  and  heights  of  the  castle  of  Pallas 
Stately  is  borne,  with  a  numerous  cortege  of  women  around  her, 
Bringing  her  gifts,  and  the  maiden  Lavinia  near,  as  attendant, 
Cause  of  such  ominous  evil,  her  fair  eyes  sadly  dejected.  480 

Matrons  bring  up  the  procession,  and,  fuming  the  temple  with  incense. 
Suppliant  pour  out  their  dolorous  strains  from  the  gorgeous  threshold: 
"  Goddess  armipotent,  patron  of  war,  O  Tritonian  Virgin, 
Shiver  the  shaft  in  the  hand  of  the  Phrygian  bandit,  and  lay  him 
Prone  on  the  ground,  and  sprawl  him  a  corpse  in  the  towering  gateways."  485 

Turnus  himself  in  his  fury  is  primly  accoutred  for  battle: 
Hence  he  was  now,  in  his  armor,  equipped  with  Rutulian  breastplate 
Bristling  with  coppery  scales,  and  his  legs  he  had  booted  in  gold-work: 
Naked  his  temples  as  yet,  to  his  side  he  had  buckled  his  broadsword; 
Golden  he  shone,  as  he  hurries  adown  from  the  heights  of  the  castle,  490 

Flushed  he  exults,  and  in  prospect  already  he  grapples  the  foeman: 
Just  as  when,  bursting  his  fetters  a  stallion  escapes  from  the  stables 
Rampant  at  last,  and  possessing  the  limitless  plain  in  his  freedom. 
Gallops  away  to  the  pastures,  and  herds  of  the  mares  in  the  meadows, 
Or,  as  his  wont,  to  be  bathed  in  the  well-known  current  of  water,  495 

Leaps  he  aloft,  and  erecting  his  arched-neck  lofty  he  whinnies 
Wanton,  and  plumy  his  mane  plays  over  his  neck  and  his  withers. 

Onward  to  meet  him,  escorted  by  Volscian  forces,  Camilla 
Canters,  and  close  up  under  the  portal,  the  queen  from  her  charger 
Sprightly  dismounted,  and  all  her  brigade,  imitating  her  movement,  500 

Leaving  their  horses,  slid  down  to  the  earth;  then  thus  she  bespeaks  him: 
"  Turnus,  if  any  reliance  is  justly  the  due  of  the  dauntless, 
Take  I  the  risk,  and  propose  to  encounter  the  mounted  yKneiin 
Squads,  and  alone  to  advance  and  engage  the  Tyrrhenian  horsemen; 
Let  me  essay  with  a  novice's  hand  the  exposures  of  battle;  505 


BOOK    XI.  323 

Station  the  infantry  here  by  the  walls,  and  defend  thmi  the  ranipart»." 

'rurnuii  at  these  words,  fixing  his  eyes  on  the  marvellou»  maulcn, 

Answers:  "Italia's  k''^'')'»  ^^  maiden,  what  thanks  can  I  render  ? 

How  can  I  ho|x:  to  rejxty  thee  ?     But  now,  inasmuch  as  that  spirit 

Rises  o'er  every  requital  to  share  with  me  in  the  struggle;  510 

Ruthless  ^+Incas,  as  rumor,  and  scouts  who  were  scut  to  obser\'e  him 

Bring  me  assurance,  has  forward  his  light-armed  cavalry  troopers 

Sent  to  infest  the  plains,  while  he  himself  through  deserted 

Heights  of  the  mountain,  scaling  the  ridge,  is  approaching  the  city. 

I,  by  a  strategem,  am,  in  an  intricate  trail  of  the  forest,  515 

Planning  to  block,  with  a  well-armed  soldiery,  each  of  its  gorges. 

Do  thou,  collecting  the  standards,  engage  the  Tyrrhenian  lancers; 

With  thee  the  daring  Mcssapus,  and  Italian  squads,  and  Tiburtine 

Troops  will  co-o|)erate:  take  thou  the  charge  of  the  coq>s  as  commandant." 

So  he  exclaims,  and  in  similar  phrases  addresses  Mcssapus  520 

Brief  and  his  fellow  commanders,  and  marches  at  once  on  the  foemen. 

There  is  a  vale  in  a  winding  ravine,  adapted  for  ambush 
Masked,  and  the  ruses  of  arms,  and  with  dcn.sest  foliage  darkly 
Presses  its  either  flank;  while  through  it  a  dubious  pathway 

Leads,  and  its  gorges  are  narrow,  its  exits  are  perilous  passes.  525 

Back  of  this  glen  on  the  heights,  on  the  loftiest  crest  of  the  mountain, 
Lies  an  unnoticed  plateau,  and  retreats  that  are  perfectly  sheltered, 
Whether  thou  wishest  On  'ight  or  on  left  to  engage  in  a  skirmish; 
Or  from  the  ridge  to  harass,  and  to  roll  down  ponderous  Ijoulders. 
Hither  the  champion  rides  by  the  well-known  route  of  the  highways.  530 

Seized  the  position,  and  lay  in  wait  in  the  treacherous  forests. 

Meanwhile  Diana  was,  far  in  the  mansions  supernal,  the  fleet-winged 
Opis,  one  of  her  virgin  companions,  and  sacred  attendants. 
Friendly  addressing,  and  these  were  the  strains  that  Latonia  mournful 
Whispering  uttered:   "Camilla,  my  fairy,  is  marching  to  cruel  535 

War,  and  alas  I  she  is  girded  in  vain  with  our  armor  for  battle; 
Dear  above  others  is  she  to  my  heart:  for  this  comes  to  Diana 
Not  as  a  new  love,  pulses  my  soul  with  no  sudden  emotion. 
Metabus,  when,  from  his  kingdom  for  envy  and  insolent  bearing 
Banished  by  force,  he  had  quitted  his  primitive  city  Prin^rum,  540 

Took  her  an  infant,  escaping  amid  the  encounters  of  warfare, 
Comrade  and  cheer  of  his  exile;  and  so,  from  her  mother  Casmilla, 
Changing  but  slightly  the  name  for  the  purpose,  he  called  her  Camilla. 
Bearing  her  thence  in  his  arms,  he  was  weniling  his  n-ay  to  a  distant 
Ridge  of  the  lonely  wild  woods;  cruel  were  weapons  on  all  sides  545 


224  '^^^    /ENEID. 

Pressing,  and  Volscians  hovering  round  with  encompassing  soldiers. 
Lo  !  in  the  midst  of  his  flight,  Amasenus  was  frothing  its  highest 
Banks  with  a  freshet:  so  great  had  the  rain-storm  been  that  had  lately- 
Burst  from  the  clouds.     In  preparing  to  swim,  he  is  stayed  by  paternal 
Love  for  his  infant,  and  fears  for  his  precious  charge:  as  he  ponders  550 

All  by  himself  in  his  straits,  J;his  expedient  suddenly  strikes  him. 
Huge  was  the  weapon  the  warrior  chanced  to  be  then  in  his  strong  hand 
Carrying,  solid  with  knots,  and  of  oak  that  was  thoroughly  seasoned: 
On  it  he  fastens  his  daughter,  enclosed  in  the  bark  of  a  sylvan 
Cork,  and  attaches  her,  light  as  she  was,  to  the  spear  at  the  centre,  555 

Which  in  his  powerful  right  hand  poising,  he  thus  on  the  air. speaks: 
"  O  thou  kindly  Latonian  virgin,  thou  huntress  in  wild-woods, 
I  now,  her  father,  devote  this  handmaid  to  thee:  as  a  novice. 
Grasping  thy  shafts,  on  the  breezes  she  suppliant  flees  from  the  foemen: 
Take  her,  O  goddess,  I  pray  thee  as  thine,  who  is  now  to  the  doubtful  560 

Breezes  committed."     He  spake,  and  contorted  the  lance  from  his  bent  arm 
Launches:  the  billows  reechoed,  and  over  the  hurrying  river 
Speeds  the  unhappy  Camilla  away  on  the  whizzing  projectile. 
Metabus  though,  as  a  mighty  array  is  now  pressing  upon  him. 
Plunges  himself  in  the  stream,  and  triumphant  the  spear  with  the  maiden         565 
Plucks  from  the  grassy  mead,  a  bestowment  to  Trivia  given. 
There  no  cities  received  him,  none  bade  him  to  dwellings  and  ramparts 
Welcome,  nor  had  he  extended  his  hand  in  his  wildness  to  any. 
Passed  he  his  life  as  a  shepherd  in  lonely  retreats  of  the  mountains: 
Here  he  was  nursing  his  child  in  the  brakes,  in  the  midst  of  the  horrid  570 

Haunts,  from  the  paps  of  a  herded  mare,  and  the  milk  of  the  wild  brute, 
Pressing  the  teats  himself  to  the  lips  of  the  delicate  suckling. 
Soon  as  on  tottering  feet  the  infant  had  steadied  her  footsteps, 
He  with  a  shepherd's  javelin  accoutred  her  palms  as  a  huntress; 
Hung  from  the  toddler's  shoulders  suspended  her  bow  and  her  arrows;  575 

Whilst  for  gold  in  her  hair,  for  a  traihng  mantle's  investure, 
Down  from  her  head  on  her  back  there  dangles  the  skin  of  a  tiger; 
Nay,  even  then  in  her  delicate  hand  did  she  level  her  childish 
Weapons,  and  twirling  a  sling  round  over  her  head  by  a  thin  thong 
Felled  the  Strymonian  crane,  or  the  milk-white  swan  of  the  forests.  580 

Many  a  mother  in  vain  has  through  fortified  towns  of  Tyrrhenum, 
Sought  her  as  daughter-in-law;  but  contented  with  onl}'  Diana, 
She  an  eternal  attachment  for  weapons  and  virginal  chasteness 
Fosters  untainted:  I  would  she  had  never  been  caught,  and  untimely 
Tangled  in  such  a  campaign,  nor  attempted  to  challenge  the  Teucrans.  585 


BOOK    XI.  225 

Dear  had  she  Ikcii  to  mc  now  as  attendant  and  one  oJ  my  nianicns. 
Hut  conic,  since  she  is  ur^ctl  by  unnurcifnl  destiny  onward, 
(llulc  thou,  my  nymph,  from  the  zenith,  and  visit  the  Ionian  confines, 
Where,  by  an  omen  unlucky  the  sorrowful  battle  is  watered. 
Take  these  wea|x)ns,  and  draw  from  the  tjuiver  an  arrow  of  vengeance:  590 

With  It  let  him,  whosoever  by  wound  shall  disfigurcher  sacred 
H<Kly,  Italian  or  Trojan,  rep.iy  me  the  forfeit  in  life-blood  ! 
Afterwards  I  in  a  hollow  cloud  will  her  pitiful  body 
Hear,  of  its  armor  uns|X)iled,  to  the  tomb  and  her  country  restore  it." 
S|)ake  she,  and  down  on  the  breezes  of  heaven  the  messenjjer  lightly  595 

Buzzed,  and  surrounded  her  form  as  she  sped  with  an  el)ony  whirlwind. 
But  in  the  meantime  nigh  to  the  walls  are  approaching  the  Trojan 
Troops,  and  Etruscan  commanders,  and  all  of  the  cavalry  army. 
Marshalled  by  number  in  compcmies.      Prancing  each  galloping  charger 
Whinnies  all  over  the  plain,  and  impatiently  <  hafes  at  the  close-»  hecked  600 

Reins  as  he  caracoles  hither  and  thither:  then  widely  with  lances 
Bristles  the  steel-clad  field,  and  the  plains  with  the  lifting  of  armor 
Glitter.     Messapus  no  less  and  the  spirited  Latins  against  them, 
Coras  as  well  with  his  brother,  and  corps  of  the  maiden  Camilla 
Fronting  appear  on  the  plain,  and  they  far  back  drawing  their  right  hands       605 
Forward  e.\tend  their  lances,  and  menacing  brandish  their  javelins. 
Hot  is  the  charge  of  the  heroes,  and  loud  is  the  neighing  of  horses. 
Each  side  hail  now,  when  advanced  to  within  the  discharge  of  a  weapon, 
Halted:  then  suddenly  dash  they  with  shout,  and  their  maddening  chargers 
Urge  to  their  speed,  at  the  same  time  shower  they  their  weajx)ns  on  all  sides,  610 
Thick  as  the  drifting  snow,  and  the  heavens  are  shrouded  in  shadows. 
Presently,  poising  their  lances  Tyrrhenus  and  daring  .'\conteus 
Recklessly  charge  on  each  other,  and  ruinous  rout  in  the  onset 
Bring  with  a  terrible  crash;  for  their  animals'  l)attering  bosoms. 
Bosom  to  bosom,  collide;  from  his  saddle  unseateil  .Vconteus  615 

Shot  like  a  thunderbolt  forth,  or  a  ponderous  shaft  from  an  engine: 
Headlong  he  falls  at  a  distance,  and  scatters  his  life  on  the  breezes. 
Quickly  the  columns  were  thrown  in  confusion;  the  Latians  wheeling 
Sling  up  their  bucklers  behind  them,  and  turn  their  steeds  to  the  ram|)arts. 
Trojans  pursue  them:  Asilas  ahe.ad  is  conducting  the  vanguards.  C20 

They  were  already  approaching  the  gates,  and  again  are  the  I^atins 
Raising  a  shout,  as  they  check  up  the  llexible  necks  of  their  chargers. 
These  now  retreat,  and  are  borne  b.ick,  slacking  the  reins  to  the  utmost: 
Just  as  the  ocean,  when  onward  careering  in  billows  alternate, 
Rushes  anon  to  the  land,  and  its  lathery  breakers  the  sea-cliffs  625 


2  26  THE    ^NEID. 

Mantle  with  foam,  and  it  floods  with  its  surges  the  farthermost  sea-beach: 

Then  it  as  rapidly  back,  yet,  absorbing  the  rocks  in  its  rolling 

Eddy,  escapes  and  abandons  the  shore  in  its  refluent  ebbing. 

Twice  did  the  Teucrans  pursue  the  Rutulians  back  to  their  ramparts; 

Twice  they,  repulsed,  look  back  protecting  their  backs  with  their  armor;  630 

But  when  they  met  in  the  third  encounter  they  mixing  have  tangled 

All  of  their  ranks  in  each  other,  and  hero  selected  his  hero. 

Then  are  there  verily  groans  of  the  dying,  and,  rolled  in  the  deep  blood, 

Armor  and  corpses,  and  mingled  alike  with  the  slaughter  of  heroes, 

Wallow  the  half-dead  horses:  the  battle  exasperate  surges.  635 

Stealthy  Orsilochus,  since  he  was  loath  to  attack  him  in  person, 

Tilted  a  spear  at  the  charger  of  Remulus,  leaving  the  spear-head 

Under  his  ear:  at  the  blow,  high  rearing,  the  canterer  raving 

Tosses  with  upright  bosom  his  shanks,  by  the  wounding  impatient: 

Remulus  rolls  unhorsed  to  the  ground.     Catillus  lollas  640 

Fells,  and  the  mighty  in  spirit  and  mighty  m  body  and  armor, 

Giant  Herminius  also,  whose  brown  locks  wave  on  his  naked 

Head,  and  his  shoulders  all  naked,  as  wounds  are  no  longer  a  terror: 

Such  his  exposure  in  armor.     The  spear,  shot  right  through  his  brawny 

Shoulders,  quivers  and  doubles,  transfixing  the  hero  in  anguish.  645 

Black  is  the  gore  that  is  streaming  around:  they  are  dealing  with  sabre 

Havoc  in  earnest,  and  seeking  by  wounds  for  a  glorious  exit. 

But,  in  the  midst  of  the  fray,  is  the  Amazon  chieftain  Camilla 
Bounding  with  one  breast  bare,  and  begirt  with  a  quiver,  to  battle. 
Now  with  her  hand  she  scattering  launches  her  pliable  javelins,  650 

Now  in  her  right  hand  wields  she  unwearied  a  powerful  pole-axe: 
Rattles  a  golden  bow  on  her  shoulder,  the  arms  of  Diana, 
So  that,  if  ever  repulsed  and  compelled  to  retreat  to  the  rearward, 
Turning  her  bow  on  the  foeman,  she  aims  at  them  fugitive  arrows. 
But  her  exhilarant  escorts  are  round  her,  the  maiden  Larina,  655 

Tulla,  and,  waving  a  hatchet  of  bronze,  the  intrepid  Tarpeia, 
Maids  of  Italia  whom,  as  her  glory,  the  goddess  Camilla 
Chose  on  her  staff  as  her  ministers  worthy  in  peace  and  in  warfare; 
Just  as  the  Thracian  Amazons,  when  o'er  the  Thermodon's  frozen 
Rivulets  tramping,  or  warring  in  gorgeously  decorate  armor,  660 

Either  around  their  Hippolyte,  or  when  in  chariot  martial 
Penthesilea  returns,  while  round  her,  with  boisterous  yelling 
Tumult,  her  feminine  squadrons  exult  in  their  lunated  targes. 
Whom  with  thy  weapon  dost  first,  whom  last,  O  rcd()ul)table  maiden, 
Fell,  or  how  many  a  dying  body  dost  stretch  as  thy  victims  ?  665 


BOOK    XI.  227 

First  she  EuneUs,  whose  father  was  Clytius,  rijfht  throiif^h  his  maillcss 

IW.isl  as  he  faces  her,  whips  with  her  long  irresistible  fir-lance. 

Tumbles  he,  vomiting  rivers  of  blood,  and  he  gnashes  the  gory 

Ci round,  and  in  dying  in  ngony  writhes  on  the  wound  she  had  dealt  him. 

i'hen  did  she  Litis,  and  I'egasus  also,  one  off  of  his  gutted  670 

War  horse  roll,  while  he  is  collecting  the  reins,  and  the  other 

Whilst  he  is  coming  and  stretching  his  unarmed  hand  to  the  fallen: 

Headlong  together  they  tunil)ie.      To  these  she  annexes  Amastrus, 

Mipixjtus*  son,  and  pursues  bent  on  him,  afar  with  her  war  spear 

Tereus,  Harpalycus,  too,  and  Demophoon  also,  and  Chromis;  675 

Yea,  and  for  every  dart  from  her  hand  which  the  maiden  discharging 

Leveled,  a  Phrygian  warrior  fell.     In  his  singular  armor 

Huntsman  Ornytus  far  on  his  lapygian  war-horse 

Ciallops:  a  rawhide,  stripped  from  a  bullock,  invested  the  fighter's 

Brawny  shoulders;  the  gaping  mouth  and  the  jaw?,  of  a  gray  wolf  680 

Grinning  with  ivory  teelh,  as  a  helmet,  enveloped  his  massive 

Head,  and  a  rustic  hunting-pike  arms  his  hands.     Through  the  squadron's 

Midst  he  careers,  aiid  he  towers  by  a  whole  head  even  alwve  them. 

Him  she  surprising  impales,  for,  no  effort  it  was  with  his  column 

Routed,  and  over  him  thus  from  inimical  bosom  bespeaks  him:  6S5 

'*  Thou  didst,  Tyrrhenian,  think  thou  wast  chasing  the  beasts  01  the  lorcsts; 

Ah  '.  but  the  day  is  at  hand  for  refuting  your  taunts  by  a  woman's 

Armor;  and  yet  thou  sh.ilt  herald  no  trivial  name  to  thy  father's 

Shades,  but  report  that  thou  fellest  in  death  by  the  hand  of  Camilla." 

Slays  she  Orsilochus  straightway,  and  Butes,  two  of  the  stoutest  690 

Forms  of  the  Teucrans;  but  Butes  she  stabbed  with  her  barb,  as  he  wheeled  off 

From  her,  between  his  helmet  and  mail,  where  the  neck  of  the  rider 

Shines  out  clear,  and  unpoised  on  his  left  arm  dangles  his  buckler. 

Feigning  a  flight  she  Orsilochus  foils,  till  chased  through  an  ample 

Circuit,  she  gaining  the  inside  circle  pursues  her  pursuer  :  695 

Then  in  her  saiKlle  uprising,  she  right  through  the  champion's  armor. 

Right  through  his  skull,  although  often  entreating  an<l  begging,  she  pounds  her 

Powerful  hatchet:  the  wound  bedrenches  his  face  with  his  warm  brains. 

Chances  u|X)n  her,  and,  awed  by  her  sudden  ap[>earance,  instinctive 

Halted  the  warrior-scion  of  Aunus,  an  Appenine  ranger,  700 

Not  of  Ligurians  least,  while  the  fates  were  letting  him  palter: 

He,  when  he  sets  he  can  now  by  no  running  evade  an  encounter 

With  her,  or  baffle  the  queen,  as  she  charges  impetuous  on  him, 

Bolilly  advancing  to  practice  a  ruse  by  adroitness  and  cunning, 

Thus  interposes:  '*  Why  is  it  so  noble,  if  thou  as  a  woman  705 


228  THE    iENEID. 

Trustest  thy  spirited  charger?     Abandon  escape,  and  at  close  hand 

Meet  me  on  equable  ground,  and  begird  thee  on  foot  for  a  combat: 

Now  shalt  thou  see  to  whom  blustering  glory  will  tender  the  prizes." 

Spake  he;  but  she  in  a  fury  aglow  with  the  keenest  indignance, 

Hands  an  attendant  her  steed,  and  on  foot  stands  back,  as  in  equal  71c 

Armor,  unawed,  with  unscabbarded  sabre,  and  merely  a  buckler. 

Now  did  the  warrior  deem  he  had  won  by  his  ruse,  and  away  he 

Instantly  flits,  and  reversing  the  reins  as  a  fugitive  gallops 

Off,  and  with  roweled  heel  he  belabors  his  cantering  race-horse. 

"  Foolish  Ligurian,  vainly  by  insolent  passions  elated,  715 

Thou  unavailmgly  triest  the  slippery  arts  of  thy  country: 

Fraud  will  not  carry  thee  safely  away  to  the  treacherous  Aunus." 

Thus  does  the  maiden  bespeak  him,  and  fired,  on  unwearying  footsteps, 

Passes  in  racing  his  courser,  and  seizing  the  bridle  confronts  him 

Face  to  face,  and  the  penalty  takes  in  the  blood  of  her  foeman,  720 

Easy  indeed  as  a  falcon — a  sacred  bird — that  from,  lofty 

Pinnacle  chases  a  dove  in  the  clouds,  as  it  soars  on  its  pinions, 

Clutching  he  holds,  and  with  talony  claws  disembowels  his  victim; 

Then  are  the  plucked  out  feathers  and  gore  clots  falling  from  i^ther. 

But  with  no  casual  eye  is  the  father  of  men  and  immortals  725 

Watching  these  scenes,  as  sublimely  he  sits  on  the  heights  of  Olympus. 
Soon  the  Tyrrhenian  Tarchon  the  sire  to  the  murderous  combat 
Urges,  infusing  a  wrath  in  his  soul  by  no  gentle  incentives. 
Hence,  in  the  midst  of  the  carnage  and  wavering  regiments,  Tarchon 
Rides  on  his  steed,  and  his  cavalry  rallies  by  varied  addresses,  730 

Calling  on  each  by  name,  and  emboldens  the  beaten  in  battles. 
"What  an  alarm!     O  ye  never  ashamed!     Ye  Tyrrhenian  dastards 
Always!  What  marvellous  cowardice  now  has  come  over  your  spirits? 
F.ven  a  woman  disperses  in  panic,  and  scatters  these  columns!  [hands? 

Wherefore  the  steel,  or  why  wear  we  these  weapons  for  naught  in  our  right     735 
Nay,  but  ye  never  are  laggards  on  Venus  and  nightly  carousals! 
Or  when  the  curved  pipe  signals  a  call  to  the  Bacchanal  dances. 
Bidding  prepare  for  the  banquets  and  cuj^s  of  a  bountiful  table! 
Such  is  your  hanker,  and  such  your  desire  till  the  favoring  augur 
Heralds  the  rites,  and  the  fat-feasts  call  to  the  groves  on  the  hill-tops."  740 

Thus  having  spoken,  he  desperate  onward  his  steed  to  the  mid-space 
Si)urs,  and  on  Venulus,  riding  to  meet  him,  impetuous  charging, 
Twitches  him  off  his  horse,  and  embracing  the  foe  in  his  right  hand, 
Bears  him  before  him  by  main  force  off  in  his  lap  on  a  gallop. 
Up  goes  a  shout  to  the  welkin,  and  all  of  the  Latins  together  745 


Bf>OK    \I  229 

Turncil  their  attention.     Away  o'er  the  plain  flit»  Tarchon  like  lightning, 

Armor  and  hero  conveying;  then  brcakinR  the  steel  (r<jm  his  own  s(x:ar's 

Summit,  he  feels  for  the  oj^n  fwrts,  whereat  he  may  haply 

Deal  him  a  deadly  wound:  but  the  captive  agamst  him  contending, 

Parries  his  hand  from  his  throat,  and  bafHes  him,  eff«>rt  to  effort;  750 

Just  as  when  soaring  sublimely  a  tawny  eagle  is  Iwaring 

C.ifHive  a  dragon,  it  tangles  her  feet,  but  she  fast  with  her  talons 

Clings;  but  the  ser[x;nt,  though  wounded  and  writhing  its  sinuous  foldings. 

Bristles  with  scales  erect,  and  with  mouth  it  hisses  defiance, 

Lifting  itself  up  tall;  none  the  less  does  the  eagle  the  struggler  755 

Pelt  with  her  crooketl  beak,  as  she  lashes  the  air  with  her  pinions: 

Even  so  'I'archon  his  prey  from  the  wildered  Liburtian  column 

Carries  triumphant.     Abetting  their  chieftain'.s  success  and  example, 

On  his  Moeonians  charge.     Then  doomed  by  the  tiestinies  Arruns 

Headlong,  with  javelin  and  many  an  art,  the  careering  Camilla  760 

Circuits,  and  tries  what  fortune  may  easiest  answer  his  purpose: 

Whithersoever  the  furious  maid  in  the  midst  of  her  scpiadron 

Rode,  there  Arruns  is  stealing,  and  silently  tracking  her  foot-steps: 

Where  she  returns  victorious,  bringing  the  spoils  from  the  foemen, 

Thither  the  warrior  stealthily  twitches  his  reins  on  a  gallop,  763 

Trying  now  these  and  now  those  approaches,  and  everj*  circuit 

Wan<Iers  around,  and  relentlessly  waves  his  infallible  war-sjxiar. 

Just  then  Chloreus,  sacred  to  Cybela  lately  her  high-prie.;t, 

Gaily  was  gleaming,  conspicuous  far  in  his  Phrygian  armor. 

Riding  his  mettlesome  lathery  steed,  whom  the  skin  of  a  wild  l)casl,  770 

Quilted  in  coppery  scales  in  a  plumage  of  gold,  was  investing: 

Brilliant  was  he  in  attire  of  cxotical  russet  and  purple, 

Shooting  from  Lycian  buck-horn  bow  his  (lortynian  arrows; 

Golden  the  bow  that  resounds  on  his  shoulders,  and  golden  the  prophets 

Helmet;  and  then  he  his  saffron  mantle,  and  folds  of  its  rustling  775 

Linen,  had  tastefully  gathered  in  yellowest  gold  in  a  l)ow-knot. 

Neatly  embroidered  with  needle  his  tunic  and  hosen  barbaric — 

Him  was  the  maiden,  either  to  fasten  in  front  of  the  temple 

Trojan  arms,  or  array  herself  in  the  gold  of  the  captive. 

Him  alone  as  a  huntress  from  every  strife  of  the  battle,  7S0 

Blindly  pursuing,  and  recklessly  chasing  through  all  of  the  squadron. 

Ever  aglow  with  a  woman's  devotion  for  Ixxjty  and  plunder; 

When  from  an  ambush  at  length,  by  seizing  the  opportune  moment, 

Arruns  upraises  his  weapon  and  loudly  thus  prays  to  supernals: 

•'  Highest  of  deities,  warden  of  holy  Soracte,  Apollo,  785 


230  THE    ^NEID. 

Whom  we  especially  serve,  in  whose  honor  the  blaze  of  the  pine-wood 

Feeds  on  a  heap,  and  whose  worshippers  we,  in  our  piety  trusting, 

Footprints  plant  through  the  midst  of  the  fire  on  many  a  burning 

Coal,  O  father  omnipotent  grant  that  this  shame  may  be  blotted 

Out  by  my  armor;  no  trophy  I  seek,  and  no  spoils  of  the  vanquished  790 

Maiden,  nor  plunder  at  all;  for  my  other  achievements  will  bring  me 

Glory:  provided  this  direful  pest  but  fall  by  my  wounding, 

I  will  betake  me  inglorious  back  to  my  national  cities." 

Phoebus  hath  heard,  and  that  part  of  his  prayer  should  issue  successful 

Mentally  granted;  but  part  he  dispersed  on  the  volatile  breezes:  795 

That  by  a  violent  death  he  should  prostrate  the  baffled  Camilla, 

He  to  the  pleader  assents;  that  his  proud  land  see  him  returning. 

Granted  he  not,  and  the  hurricanes  wasted  his  voice  on  the  south-winds. 

Hence  as  his  spear  when  discharged  from  his  hand  gave  a  hum  on  the  breezes. 

All  of  the  Volscians  turned  their  attention  and  lifted  their  eager  Soo 

Eyes  to  the  queen.  But  alas!  she  is  mindful  in  naught  of  the  breezes, 

Naught  of  the  ominous  hum,  or  the  weapon  oncoming  from  aether, 

Till,  as  it  glided,  the  spear  hath  beneath  her  protuberant  nipple 

Clung,  and  deeply  indriven  hath  drunk  of  the  gore  of  the  maiden. 

Round  her  her  frightened  associates  run,  and  support  their  collapsing  S05 

Mistress.     Away  in  advance  of  them  all  is  the  terrified  Arruns 

Fleeing  with  mingled  delight  and  alarm:  he  no  longer  is  anxious 

Now  to  rely  on  his  spear,  nor  dares  to  encounter  the  arms  of  a  maiden: 

But  like  a  wolf,  that  before  the  inimical  weapons  pursue  him, 

Instantly  out  of  the  way  has  hid  him  in  loftiest  mountains,  810 

Skulking  because  he  has  murdered  a  shepherd  or  sizable  bullock. 

Conscious  of  doing  a  dastardly  deed  he  has  sneakingly  thrust  down 

Under  his  belly  his  quivering  tail,  and  has  steered  for  the  forests  : 

So  did  the  trepidant  Arruns  withdraw  from  the  eyes  of  observers, 

Where  he,  content  with  escape,  has  immixed  in  rhe  midst  of  the  army.  815 

She  with  her  own  hand  wrenches,  though  dying,  the  shaft;  but  its  steel-tipped 

Blade  is  within  her  bones,  set  fast  to  her  ribs  in  the  deep  wound. 

Bloodless  she  swooningly  sinks,  and  cold  in  death  are  her  eye-balls 

Sinking;  her  recently  crimson  hue  has  abandoned  her  features. 

Then  she,  expiring,  addresses  these  words  to  one  of  her  compeers,  820 

Acca,  who  only,  above  all  others,  was  true  to  Camilla; 

Wont  w^s  she  ever  to  share  in  her  cares.     So  thus  she  bespeaks  her: 

•'Acca,  my  sister,  thus  far  has  my  vigor  availed;  but  the  bitter 

Wound  now  enfeebles  me,  black  grows  everything  round  me  in  darkness; 

Speed  thou  away,  and  convey  this  message— my  last — unto  Turnus;  825 


i 


BOOK    XI.  231 

Let  him  succeed  me  in  battle,  and  force  from  the  city  the  Tcucran». 

Now — Farewell  !  "     As  she  s|x>kc  these  words  she  was  letting  the  reins  drop, 

Sagjiing  reluctantly  down  to  the  earth.      Then  cold  from  her  whole  frame 

Ltttle  by  little  she  l(K)sened  herself,  and  reclined  her  relaxing 

Neck  and  her  head  surrendereu  in  death,  disregarding  her  armor.  830 

Life  with  a  moan  disd.iinfully  flees  to  its  home  in  the  shadows. 

Then  of  a  truth  an  immense  shout  surgin^^ly  booms  to  the  golden 

Stars;  for  Camilla  once  fallen  the  fight  grows  frightfully  cruel; 

Densely  are  charging  at  once  the  forces  entire  of  the  Teucrans, 

All  the  Tyrrhenian  chiefs,  and  Kvander's  Arcadian  allies.  835 

Long  in  the  meantime,  loftily  perched  ou  the  tops  of  the  mountains. 
Trivia's  sentinel,  Opis,  unawed  is  observing  the  combats: 
But,  as  afar  she  espies,  in  the  midst  of  the  clamor  of  raging 
Warriors,  doomed  to  a  sorrowful  death,  the  expiring  Camilla, 
Tenderly  sighing  she  uttered  these  words  from  her  innermost  Ixisom:  840 

"  Ah  !  thou  hast  paid,  O  maiden,  a  cruel,  alasl  but  too  cruel 
Penalty  for  thy  attempting  to  challenge  in  battle  the  Teucrans. 
Naught  has  it  ever  availed  thee  as  lonely  recluse  in  the  brambly 
Wilds  to  have  courted  Diana,  or  worn  on  thy  shoulder  our  armor; 
Yet  has  thy  <iueen  not  left  thee  of  honor  bereft  in  this  final  845 

Hour  of  thy  death,  nor  shall  thy  decease  be  an  utterly  nameless 
Scene  to  the  nations,  nor  shalt  thou  the  infamy  suffer  revengeless; 
For  whosoever  hath  sullied  thy  form  by  a  wound  shall  the  forfeit 
Fay  by  a  merited  death."     'Ihere  stood  just  under  a  lofty 

Mount  the  imposing  tomb  of  Dercenus,  an  ancient  Laurentian  850 

Monarch — an  earth-built  mound  and  embowered  by  a  shadowy  holm-oak. 
Here  does  the  beautiful  goddess,  from  rapid  exertion  in  flying. 
Early  alight,  and  aloft  on  the  barrow  she  watches  for  Arruns. 
Then,  as  she  saw  him  refulgent  in  armor  and  |x)m}X)Usly  swelling: 
"  Why,"  says  she,  "  dost  in  seclusion  retire  ?     Wend  hither  thy  footsteps;       855 
Hither,  O  doomed  one,  come  that  thou  mayest  receive  for  Camilla 
Worthy  awards:  anil  shalt  thou,  too,  die  by  the  shafts  of  Diana?" 
S()ake  she,  and  keen  as  a  Thracian  she  drew  forth  a  feathery  arrow 
Out  of  her  gold-wrought  (piiver,  and  bending  her  Ixjw  with  a  vengeance. 
Stretched  she  it  wide,  till  its  cun'ated  tips  hail  by  tension  together  860 

Met,  ;uul  her  left  hand  now  had  at  rest,  with  her  hands  on  a  level 
Reached  to  the  edge  of  the  steel,  and  her  right  on  the  string  at  the  nipple. 
Instantly  Arruns  the  whiz  of  the  shaft,  and  the  whir  of  the  breezes 
Heard  at  the  self-same  time  as  the  steel  stuck  fast  in  his  lH)dy. 
Him  there  expiring,  and  moaning  his  last,  his  oblivious  comrades  865 


2''2  THE    ^NEID. 

Leave  unlamented  to  die  on  the  unknown  dust  of  the  lowlands: 
Opis  is  wafted  away  on  her  pinions  to  airy  Olympus. 

First  flees,  reft  of  its  mistress,  the  light  brigade  of  Camilla; 
Routedly  flee  the  Rutulians,  flees  the  intrepid  Atinas; 

Scatter  at  random  the  chieftains,  and  companies,  basely  deserted,  870 

Seek  for  a  shelter,  and  wheeling  their  horses  they  scud  to  the  ramparts. 
None  by  resort  to  his  weapons  is  able  to  cope  with  the  Teucrans, 
Charging  and  dealing  out  death,  or  evan  to  rally  against  them; 
But,  as  they  sling  up  their  unbent  bows  on  their  languishing  shoulders. 
Hoof  of  the  quadrupeds  quivers  the  mouldering  plain  in  their  stampede,  875 

On  to  the  walls  is  the  dark  dust,  turbid  in  ebony  blackness 

Rolled,  while  the  matrons  disconsolate,  beating  their  breasts  on  the  watch-towers, 
Raise  to  the  planets  of  heaven  the  clamor  of  feminine  wailing. 
Those  who  were  first  in  the  stampede  dashed  in  the  opening  gateways: 
On  them  is  pressing,  with  column  disordered,  the  enemy's  rabble;  880 

Neither  escape  they  a  pitiful  death,  but  there  at  the  threshold. 
Right  in  the  walls  of  their  country,  and  even  within  their  protected 
Homes,  they  are  breathing  their  lives  out:  some,  too,  in  closing  the  portals, 
Dare  not  open  a  passage  to  comrades,  nor  into  the  ramparts 
Welcome  the  earnest  entreaters.     There  follows  a  sickening  slaughter,  8S5 

Both  of  those  guarding  the  entrance,  and  those  who  are  rushing  on  armor. 
Barred  out,  before  the  eyes  and  the  faces  of  sorrowing  parents, 
Some  are  precipitant  into  the  trenches  to  imminent  ruin 
Rolled;  while  others,  with  reins  thrown  loose,  and  excited  to  frenzy. 
Batter  the  gates,  and  the  barred  and  impregnable  door-posts.  S90 

Even  the  matrons  aloft  on  the  walls,  in  the  height  of  the  conflict — 
Genuine  love  for  their  country  incites — as  they  gazed  on  Camilla, 
Trepidant  hurl  from  their  hands  the  projectiles,  and  even  with  hard  oak 
Timber,  and  billets,  and  stakes  that  were  hardened  by  charring,  they  reckless 
Rival  the  steel,  and  the  foremost  are  burning  to  die  for  their  country.  895 

Meanwhile,  in  wait  in  the  forests,  the  crudest  tidings  are  filling 
Turnus,  as  Acca  reports  to  the  chieftain  the  terrible  tumult: 
"  Riddled  and  crushed  is  the  Volscians'  van,  and  Camilla  has  fallen  ! 
Foemen  are  wrathfully  charging  the  lines,  and,  with  Mars  in  ascendence, 
Carrying  all,  and  already  the  panic  is  reaching  the  ramparts."  900 

He  in  a  fury — so  Jupiter's  ruthless  divinities  will  it — 
Quits  the  blockaded  hills,  and  abandons  the  intricate  wildwoods. 
Scarce  had  he  gone  out  of  sight,  and  was  holding  his  way  to  the  lowlands, 
When,  on  the  open  wood-lawns  marching,  the  father  .Flneas 
Scales  unmolested  the  ridge,  and  escapes  from  the  darkening  forests.  905 


BOOK    XI. 


^3S 


So  ihcy  are  both  Unnc  r.ipidiy  on  ii>  till-  wall»  in  tinhrokcn 

Column;  nor  arc  they  many  a  [Xicc  ajwrt  from  each  other: 

Aye,  and  as  soon  as  /Knea»  abroad  looked  out  on  the  lowlands 

Smoking  with  dust,  he  Inrhcld  the  Laurcntian  columns,  and  Turnus 

Recognized  also  the  ruthless  /flncas  in  arms,  and  distinctly  910 

Heard,  too,  the  tramp  of  advancing  feel  and  the  snorting  of  horses. 

Straight\vay  they  would  engage  in  encounters  and  hazard  the  combats. 

Were  not  his  tired  steetis  now  in  n)eria*s  surges  the  rosy 

Phfcbus  immersing,  and  ushering  night  with  decline  of  the  daylight: 

Pitch  they  their  camps  in  front  of  the  city  and  strengthen  the  ramparts.  915 


BOOK  XII. 


Breach  of  the  truce :  how  tineas  is  wounded  and  healed  oy  his  mother: 
Final  encounter  of  champions :  Tumus  is  slain  by  ^neas. 

TuRNUs,  as  soon  as  he  sees  that  the  Latins  are  utterly  worsted, 
Shattered  by  adverse  Mars;  that  his  promises  now  are  remanded, 
Sees  he  is  marked  by  their  eyes,  self-prompted  implacably  kindling, 
Rouses  his  wrath.     As  a  lion  at  bay  in  the  fields  of  the  Funics, 
Gored  in  his  breast  by  a  grievous  wound  at  the  hands  of  the  hunters,  5 

Musters  his  armor  at  length,  and  rejoices  in  shaking  his  shaggy 
Mane  on  his  neck,  and  unshrinkingly  shivers  the  shaft  of  the  spoiler 
Fixed  in  his  bosom,  and  roars  with  his  mouth  all  reekingly  gory: 
Just  like  his  is  the  violence  growing  in  fiery  Turnus. 

Then  he  so  speaks  to  the  monarch,  and  thus  he  excited  commences:  lo 

"  No  more  halting  in  Turnus  !  There's  naught  that  the  dastard  yEneans 
Need  to  retract  in  their  words,  or  recall  what  they  lately  have  plighted. 
Yes,  I  engage  him  !     Bring  sacrifice,  father,  and  draw  up  the  contract: 
Either  with  this  right  hand  yon  Dardan  deserter  from  Asia 

I  will  to  Tartarus  send — let  the  Latins  sit  still  and  observe  it —  15 

Yea,  and  alone  will  refute  with  the  sabre  their  common  aspersion, 
Or  he  shall  hold  us  as  slaves,  and  Lavinia  own  him  as  husband." 

Mildly  to  him,  and  with  heart  imperturbable  answers  Latinus: 
"  Chieftain  of  chivalrous  spirit,  the  more  to  excess  in  ferocious 
Valor  thou  risest,  the  more  it  behooves  me  in  turn  to  consider  20 

Calmly  the  issues,  and  all  the  contingencies  dreading  to  ponder. 
Daunus,  thy  father's  dominions  are  thine,  as  is  many  a  stronghold 
Won  by  thy  hand,  and  Latmus  has  gold  and  a  sou!  to  assist  thee. 
Surely  in  Latium's  bounds,  and  Laurentian  fields,  there  are  other 
Virgins  of  no  mean  birth.     Though  unpleasant  to  utter,  permit  me,  25 

234 


BOOK    XII.  2j5 

Doffing  (lisguisM,  to  broach  this,  and  drink  »t  at  once  in  thy  spirit: 

VropcT  it  was  th.U  I  marry  my  dau^jhter  to  none  of  her  former 

Suitors,  and  all,  iMjth  ^chIs  and  men,  were  forewarninj^  me  of  it. 

Swayed  by  attachment  to  thee,  and  induced  by  the  tenure  of  kindred 

Blotxl,  and  the  tears  of  my  sorrowing  spouse,  I  have,  breaking  all  fetters,  30 

Snatched  from  a  son  his  l)ctrothed,  and  embarked  in  an  infamous  warfare. 

Turnus.  thou  seest  from  thence  what  disasters  and  battles  pursue  me, 

Yea,  and  thou  seest  how  great  are  the  hartlships  thou  chiefly  endurest: 

Twice  in  a  mi^jhty  engavjemcnl  defeated,  we  scarce  in  the  city 

Succor  Ilalia's  hojKs:  nay,  still  are  the  streams  of  the  Tiber  35 

Warm  with  our  blood,  and  the  vast  plains  blanch  with  the  bones  of  our  kinsmen. 

Where  am  I  drifting  so  often  ?     What  matiness  is  swaying  my  puriwse  ? 

It  then,  were  Turnus  extinct,  I  were  ready  to  court  this  alliance. 

Why,  while  he  yet  is  unharmed,  do  I  rather  not  yet  finish  the  contests  ? 

What  will  my  kin,  the  Rutulians,  what  will  the  rest  of  Italia  401 

Say,  if  I — fortune  belie  the  expression — should  basely  betray  thee 

Over  to  death,  while  seeking  our  daughter  and  marriage  relations? 

Look  at  the  various  issues  of  battles,  anil  pity  thine  aged 

Sire,  whom  his  native  .Ardea  now  in  his  loneliness  widely 

Separates."     Never  a  whit  by  these  words  is  the  raving  of  Turnus  45- 

Curbed;  it  o'ercomes  him  the  more,  and  he  sickens  by  efforts  to  cure  him. 

Soon,  though,  as  able  to  speak,  in  his  utterance  thus  he  insisted: 

"  Highness,  what  cares  thou  assumest  for  my  sake,  I  pray  thee  for  my  sake 

I^iy  now  asiile,  and  permit  me  to  barter  my  death  for  my  honor  I 

Father,  we  also  do  weapons  and  no  mean  steel  in  our  right  hanti  50 

Scatter,  and  blood  flows  free  from  the  wounds  we  inflict  on  a  foeman. 

Far  will  his  goddess  mother  be  from  him  to  shelter  her  fleeing 

Son  in  a  feminine  cloak,  and  conceal  herself  in  the  vanishing  shadows." 

Meanwhile  the  ipieen  was,  shocked  by  the  singular  turn  of  the  warfare. 
Weeping,  and  fast  to  her  fiery  son-in-law  desperate  holding:  55 

"()  by  these  tears,  and  res{x.'ct,  if  aught  touches  thy  soul,  for  .\mata, 
I'urhus,  I  pray  thee,  thou  only  hope  to  me  now,  thcju  reliance 
Sole  of  my  pitiful  dotage,  the  glory  and  sway  of  Latinus 
Pivots  on  thee;  on  thee  rests  all  of  our  tottering  household. 

Only  I  beg  thee  refrain  from  engaging  a  hand  with  the  Teucrans.  60 

'I'urnus,  in  that  dread  contest  whatever  disasters  await  thee 
Thence,  are  awaiting  me,  too:   I  at  once  will  atxindon  this  hated 
Light,  and  a  captive  I  never  will  look  as  my  son  on  /Kneas." 
Lovely  Lnvinia,  catching  the  voice  of  her  sorrowing  mother, 
Drenches  her  burning  cheeks  with  tears,  and  her  plentiful  blushes  65 


236  THE    ^NEID. 

Kindled  a  fire  in  her  heart,  and  it  glowingly  mantled  her  features: 

Just  as  if  one  should  the  Indian  ivory  stain  with  a  blood-rea 

Rouge,  or  when  snow-white  lilies  may  seemingly  redden  by  many 

Roses  immingled  ;  such  hues  in  her  face  did  the  maiden  exhibit. 

Love  is  confusing  him  quite,  and  he,  fixing  his  eyes  on  the  maiden,  70 

Blazes  the  more  in  his  armor,  and  briefly  addresses  Amata: 

"  Do  not  I  beg  thee,  my  mother,  O  do  not  with  tears,  nor  with  such  sad 

Omen  attend  me,  when  marching  away  to  the  contests  of  ruthless 

Mars;  for  delay  of  his  death  is  not  at  the  disposal  of  Turnus. 

Idmon,  go  bear  to  the  Phrygian  tyrant  my  doubtless  unwelcome  75 

Terms,  that  he,  soon  as  the  morrow's  Aurora,  upwafted  on  purple 

Chariot,  reddens  in  heaven,  against  the  Rutulians  do  not 

Marshal  the  Teucrans;  but  let  the  Rutulians  all,  and  the  Teucrans 

Rest  on  their  armor,  and  we  with  our  blood  will  determine  the  warfare: 

On  yon  plain  be  Lavinia  won  as  the  conqueror's  consort !  "  80 

When  he  has  uttered  these  words,  and  has  rapid  retired  to  his  mansions. 
Seeks  he  his  steeds,  and  rejoices  in  seeing  them  prancing  before  him — 
Steeds  which  Orithyia  gave  herself  as  a  prize  to  Pilumnus, 
Which  could  in  whiteness  outrival  the  snows,  and  in  races  the  breezes. 
Bustling  hostlers  are  standing  around  them,  and  patting  with  hollow  85 

Hands  their  resounding  breasts,  and  combing  their  gracefully  flowing 
Manes.     Then  around  his  shoulders  he  places  his  corselet  of  scaly 
Gold,  and  of  white  orichalcum  :    at  once  he  attaches  for  wearing 
Sword  and  shield,  and  the  cones  of  his  deep-red  plumage — the  very 
Sword  the  Ignipotent  god  had  himself  for  Daunus  his  parent  90 

Fashioned,  and  plunged  at  a  white  heat  into  the  Stygian  billow. 
Then,  as  amid  his  apartments,  against  a  magnificent  column 
Leaned,  it  was  standing,  with  vigor  he  seizes  his  powerful  war-spear. 
Spoil  of  Auruncan  Actor,  and  tosses  it  quivering  o'er  him, 

:Shouting  out:  "Now,  O  spear,  that  hast  never  dishonored  my  summons,  95 

Now  is  the  time  !     Once  wielded  thee  mightiest  Actor,  and  Turnus' 
Right  hand  wieldeth  thee  now:  O  grant  that  I  level  his  carcass 
Low;  th?t  I  rend  with  my  powerful  hand  the  enveloping  breast-plate 
Wrenched  from  the  Phrygian  eunuch,  and  draggle  in  ordure  the  ringlets 
(Frizzled  with  heated  iron,  and  dripping  with  myrrh  in  profusion."  100 

'Thus  is  he  driven  by  furies,  and,  blazing  from  all  of  his  features, 
Sparkles  are  starting,  and  fire  in  his  keen  eye  flashes  defiance: 
Just  as  a  ])ull,  when  enraged  at  the  onset  of  battle,  terrific 
Bellowings  rouses,  and  strives  in  his  horns  to  embody  his  anger, 
Butting  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  and  assails  the  winds  with  his  wrathful  105 


BOOK    XII.  237 

Lunges,  or  paw«  up  the  scattering  snnfl,  as  a  challenge  to  comhnt 

Meanwhile  .Knea»  no  less,  in  ihr  armor  l>r«itowe(l  by  hi»  mother, 
Savagely  whets  up  M  ir»,  and  enkindles  himself  in  hi»  choler, 
Glad  that  the  war  is  to  close  on  the  base  of  his  offered  proposal. 
Then  docs  he  solace  his  comrades  and  fear  of  the  saddened  lUlus,  no 

Citing  the  fates,  and  he  orders  the  herald  to  carry  his  defmite  answers 
B;ick  to  the  monarch  I^itintis,  and  tell  him  the  terms  of  agreement. 

Scarce  was  the  following  day,  as  it  rose,  l>cstrewing  the  mountain 
Tops  with  its  light,  when  as  .s(K)n  as  the  steeds  of  the  sun  are  emerging 
Out  of  the  fathomless  surges,  and  sniffing  the  air  with  distended  115 

Nostrils,  Rutulian  nobles  and  Trojan  were  under  the  mighty 
City's  defences  preparing  to  measure  the  ground  for  the  contest. 
Right  in  the  midst  of  the  hearths,  and  the  grass-grown  altars  of  common 
Deities.     Others  were  bringing  the  font  ami  the  fire  for  the  service. 
Decked  with  the  apron,  and  having  their  temples  enwreathed  in  verlwna.  120 

Forth  the  .Vusonian  legion  advances,  and  hall)crted  s<}uadrons 
Stream  from  the  crowded  jwrtals;  and  yonder  in  various  armor 
Rushes  the  Trojan  l)attalion  and  all  the  Ty'"''^*-*"'''*"  army, 
Just  as  completely  accoutred  in  steel,  as  if  summons  the  roughest 
Battle  of  Mars.     The  commanders  themselves  in  the  midst  of  the  thousands   1^5 
Proudly  are  flitting  about  in  their  gold  and  purple  equipments: 
Mnestheus,  Assaracus'  offspring,  is  there,  and  the  valiant  Asilas; 
There  is  the  tamer  of  horses  Messapus,  descendant  of  Neptune. 
Each,  when  the  signal  was  given,  retired  to  his  separate  statif)n; 
Fix  they  their  spears  in  the  ground,  and  recline  on  their  bucklers  in  waiting.    130 
Then  in  their  eagerness  issuetl  the  matrons  and  weaponless  rabble; 
Old  and  decrepit  men  on  the  turrets  and  roofs  of  the  houses 
Clustered,  while  others  are  standing  alert  at  the  towering  gateways. 

Kilt  from  the  top  of  the  mound  whi(  h  at  present  is  known  as  the  Alban — 
Then  to  the  mountain  was  neither  a  name,  nor  an  honor,  nor  glory —  135 

Juno  was  gazing  aloof  on  the  plain,  and  on  both  of  the  armies, 
Trojan  as  well  as  Laurentian,  watching  the  town  of  I^ttinus. 
Presently  thus  has  the  goddess  accosted  the  sister  of  Turnus, 
Deified  now  as  a  goddess,  who  rules  o'er  the  stagnant  and  roaring 
Rivers:  this  dignity  Jupiter,  sovereign  exalted  of  a:ther,  140 

Sacredly  settled  in  lieu  of  her  ravished  virginity  on  her: 
"  Pride  of  the  streams,  O  nymph  to  my  soul  most  grateful,  thou  knowesl 
Ht)w,  that  of  all  the  Italian  maidens,  thou  art  the  only 
One  to  ascend  to  magnanimous  Jupiter's  couch  of  unkindness. 
Whom  I  have  favored,  and  cheerfully  placed  in  a  portion  of  ht.TvtMi;  145 


23$  THE    vENEID. 

Learn  now — lest  thou  accuse  me — Juturna,  the  cause  of  thy  troubles. 

Wherever  fortune  appeared  to  allow,  and  were  destinies  letting 

Latium's  interests  prosper,  I  shielded  thy  city  and  Turnus; 

Now  I  the  champion  see  about  to  engage  with  unequal 

Fates,  and  his  day,  and  the  destinies'  hostile  might  are  approaching.  150 

I  cannot  bear  to  behold  with  my  eyes  this  fight  and  the  treaties; 

If  thou  darest  resort  to  aught  else  in  behalf  of  thy  brother. 

On,  it  becometh  thee.     Possibly  luck  may  accrue  to  the  luckless." 

Scarce  were  these  said,  when  Juturna  shed  tears  from  her  eyes,  and  convulsive 

Thrice,  yea,  and  four  times  smote  with  her  hand  on  her  generous  bosom.  155 

"This  is  no  time  for  thy  tears,"  exclaims  the  Saturnian  Juno, 

"  Hasten,  if  means  can  achieve  it,  and  rescue  thy  brother  from  ruin, 

Otherwise  rally  the  battles,  and  bafifle  the  inchoate  treaty: 

I  am  thy  patron  in  venturing."     Thus  she  exhorted  and  left  her. 

Dazed,  and  disturbed  by  the  grievous  wound  of  her  mind  as  she  pondered.     160 

Meanwhile  the  monarchs — Latinus  of  corpulent  stature 
Rides  in  his  four-horsed  chariot;  twice  six  radiant  golden 
Spangles  encircle  his  glittering  temples  around,  the  resplendent 
Type  of  the  sun  his  progenitor:  Turnus  proceeds  on  his  white  span, 
Grasping  in  hand  with  their  broad  steel  mountings  a  couple  of  lances:  165 

Following  father  ^neas,  the  source  of  the  Roman  descendence 
Blazing  in  starry  shield,  and  accoutred  in  armor  celestial; 
Near  him  Ascanius,  too,  the  successional  hope  of  imperial  Roma — 
Onward  advance  to  the  camps.     In  immaculate  vesture  the  high-priest 
Forward  the  young  of  a  bristly  sow,  and  a  ewe  that  was  unshorn  170 

Brought,  and  the  cattle  arranged  by  the  blazing  altars  in  waiting. 
Turning  their  eyes  to  the  rising  sun  they  religiously  offer 
Salted  fruits  in  their  hands,  and  the  temple-tips  of  the  victims 
Mark  with  a  knife,  and  pour  out  libations  from  bowls  on  the  altars. 
Then  does  the  pious  ^neas,  unsheathing  his  falchion,  pray  thus:  175 

"  Be  now  my  witness,  O  Sun,  and  this  land  of  my  solemn  invoking, 
Thou  for  whose  sake  I  have  such  sore  trials  been  able  to  suffer; 
Thou,  too,  omnipotent  Father,  and  thou  his  Saturnian  Consort — 
Kinder  now  goddess,  now  kinder  I  pray  thee — and  notable  Mavors, 
Thou  who,  O  Father,  all  battles  beneath  thy  divinity  swayest,  180 

Fountains,  and  Rivers  I  summon,  and  all  that  is  worshipped  in  lofty 
Aither,  and  all  the  divinities  shrined  in  cerulean  ocean. 
If  it  should  happen  thatvictoiy  side  with  Ausonian  Turnus, 
It  is  agreed  that  the  conquered  retire  to  the  town  of  Evander, 
Youthful  Itilus  withdraw  from  the  fields,  and  ^neans  no  longer  185 


BOOK    XII.  239 

Muster  to  arms  in  rebellion,  nor  worry  these  realms  with  the  sabre; 
Hut  should  the  victory  Mars  vi»nrh»afe  a»  our  own — a»  I  rather 

Rfck(»n,  ami  rather  IktIicvc  thai  the  jjmls  will  in  s •■■  •■•nty  sanction — 

I  will  not  orilcr  Italians  to  l>c  in  subjection  to  Tci , 

Nor  will  I  claim  for  myself  the  dominion;  let  t>oth  oi  the  nation*  190 

Kntcr  unvan(iuishcd,  with  equable  laws,  in  eternal  alliance: 
I  will  attend  to  the  rites  and  the  gods,  and  let  father  l^itinus 
Manaj^e  the  army  and  general  government;    Teucrans  shall  build  me 
Ristioned  walls,  and  I^ivinia  tender  her  name  to  the  city." 

So  at  the  outset  .-Mneas;  and  so  then  follows  I^tinus,  195 

Heavenward  gazing,  as  up  toward  the  planets  he  stretches  his  right  hand: 
"  I  by  the  same,  O  /Kneas,  the  Earth,  and  the  Sea,  and  the  Planets 
Swear,  by  I^tonia's  twin-lwrn  offspring,  and  Janus  the  two-faced; 
Yea,  by  the  might  of  infernals,  the  shrine  of  the  merciless  Pluto, 
Ia:1,  too,  the  Father  who  ratifies  treaties  with  thunderbolt  hear  me.  aoo 

Touch  I  the  altars,  and  vouch  In*  these  medial  fires  and  their  patron 
(ickIs,  that  no  day  shall  unsettle  this  truce  and  these  leagues  with  Italinrv, 
Issue  events  as  they  may.  no  p>ower  whatever  shall  make  me 
Willingly  swerve;  no,  though  it  o'erwhelm  in  the  billows  the  mainland, 
Mingling  all  in  a  flood,  and  in   Tartarus  crumble  the  heavens:  205 

Nay,  as  this  sceptre — for  sceptre  he  happened  to  hold  in  his  right  hand — 
Never  will  scions  and  foliage  sprout  with  a  delicate  leafage, 
Since  at  the  time  it  was  hewn  at  the  root  from  its  stock  in  the  forests. 
Reft  of  its  mother,  it  dt)ffed  by  the  steel  its  tresses  and  branches; 
Tree  it  was  once,  but  now  hath  the  hand  of  the  artist  in  comely  210 

Copper  encased,  and  permitted  the  l^ntian  fathers  to  wield  it." 
Such  the  expressions  in  which  they  were  binding  the  mutual  treaties. 
Central  in  sight  of  the  nobles:  then  over  the  flame  they  devoutly 
Slaughter  the  sanctified  victims,  and  out  of  their  tjuivering  Ixxlics 
Snatch  up  the  vitals,  and  pile  them  in  loatled  trays  on  the  altars.  215 

But  to  Rutulians  all  the  while  had  this  fighting  uneven 
Seemed,  and  their  bosoms  were  heaving  with  mingled  and  \'aried  emotions; 
Then  all  the  more,  as  they  nearer  discern  them  unequally  mated. 
Turnus  enhances  their  gloom,  as  in  silent  demeanor  advancing 
Slowly  with  downcast  eye,  and  as  suppliant  suing  the  altar,  axo 

Wan  in  his  cheeks,  and  a  pallor  per>*ading  his  juvenile  Ixxly. 
S<x)n  as  his  sister  Jutuma  l>cheld  him,  and  saw  the  increasing 
Talk,  and  the  vacillant  hearts  of  the  rabble  were  growing  uneasy, 
Right  in  the  midst  of  the  lines,  yet  assuming  the  figure  of  Camers — 
Grand  was  whose  rank  from  his  ancestors,  bright  the  renown  of  his  father's      2x5 


240  THE    ^NEID, 

Valor,  and  he  was  himself,  too,  signally  dauntless  in  armor — 

Right  in  the  midst  of  the  lines  she  appears,  and  aware  of  the  crisis. 

Broadcast  scatters  the  various  rumors,  and  thus  she  bespeaks  them: 

"  Does  it  not,  O  ye  Rutulians, shame  you  to  jeopard  for  all  these 

Champions  one  brave  soul  ?     Are  we  not,  both  in  number  and  valor  230 

Fully  their  equals  ?     Behold  the  Arcadians  yonder,  and  Trojans 

All,  and  the  band  of  fate,  the  Etruria  hostile  to  Turnus  ! 

Scarce  have  we  each  an  antagonist,  though  we  engage  them  alternate. 

Up  to  supernals  shall  he,  on  whose  altars  indeed  he  devotes  him, 

Mount  to  renown,  and  from  mouth  to  mouth  be  immortally  wafted.  235 

We,  if  our  country  be  lost,  shall  be  forced  to  submit  to  insulting 

Lords;  yes  we,  who  have  settled  now  leisurely  down  on  the  meadows." 

By  such  words  of  harangue  is  enkindled  the  warriors'  purpose 

More,  and  yet  more,  and  the  murmuring  stealthily  creeps  through  the  marshalled 

Hosts,  and  Laurentians  even,  and  even  the  Latins  have  wavered.  240 

They  who  already  were  hoping  for  respite  of  fighting,  and  safety 

Gained  to  the  State,  are  now  anxious  for  armor,  and  pray  that  the  treaty 

Issue  a  failure,  and  pity  the  unequal  allotment  of  Turnus. 

Closely  with  these  does  Juturna  couple  another  and  grander 
Signal,  and  gives  it  from  lofty  heaven,  none  else  more  profoundly  245 

Startled  Italian  minds,  and  so  by  its  omen  beguiled  them: 
For  as  he  flies  in  the  reddening  aether,  lo  !  Jupiter's  tawny 
Soarer  was  routing  the  birds  of  the  shore,  and  the  feathery  cluster's 
Boisterous  throng,  when  he,  suddenly  swooping  adown  to  the  billows, 
Ruthlessly  seizes  the  goodliest  swan  in  his  talony  clutches.  250 

Fresh  the  Italians  rally  their  spirits,  as  all  of  the  wild-fowls 
Wheel  with  a  clamor  together  in  flight,  and — a  marvel  to  witness  ! — 
Darken  the  air  with  their  pinions,  and  after  their  foe  on  the  breezes, 
Massed  in  a  dense  cloud,  sally,  till  he  by  their  violence  vanquished. 
Flagged  by  his  very  incumbrance,  and  forth  from  his  talons  the  soarer  255 

Flung  in  the  river  his  prey,  and  away  on  the  vapors  departed. 

Then  do  Rutulians  truly  the  augury  hail  with  a  clamor, 
Brisk  they  accoutre  their  hands,  and  the  augur  Tolumnius  foremost: 
"This  it  was,  this,"  he  exclaims,   "that  I  often  have  sought  in  petitions, 
This  I  accept,  and  acknowledge  the  gods;  under  me  as  your  leader  260 

Grapple,  ye  wretches,  the  steel,  whom  a  ruthless  marauder  in  battle 
Frightens  like  feeble  and  timorous  birds,  and  with  violence  basely 
Plunders  your  shores.     He  shall  seek  an  escape,  and  unfurl  on  the  great  deep 
Yonder  his  sails.     Then  unanimous  densely  mass  your  battalions: 
On,  and  your  captured  monarch  defend  to  the  death  in  the  onset."  265 


BOOK    XII.  241 

Spake  hr,  and  riKht  in  the  face  of  the  fucmcn  he  tiitcU  a  uea{xin. 
Forward  ailvancinj^:  the  whistlinji  cornel  re«jund»,  ami  the  brccic» 
Steadily  cleaves.     In  an  instant  is  this,  in  an  instant  a  luud  shuut. 
All  the  plat(Kins  were  disturl>cd,  and  their  hearts  were  aglow  in  the  tumult. 
()p|x>sitc  stood,  as  it  hapfxrned,  the  handsomest  txxlies  of  nine  own  270 

Brothers  in  line,  whom  his  faithful   lyrrhenian  consort,  his  only 
One,  so  m.iny  had  horn  to  Arcadia's  yeoman  Ciylippus; 
One  of  whom,  just  at  the  waist,  where  the  stitc  hed  l)clt  rubs  on  the  belly, 
Ri}{ht  where  the  buckle  attaches  the  ends  at  the  joinmi^s,  the  flying 
S{x;ar  transfixes,  a  warrior  splendid  in  |)crson  .md  gleaming  375 

Armor,  and  drives  riijht  through  his  ribs,  and  he  sprawls  on  the  yellow  arena. 
But  his  brothers,  and,  fired  by  their  sorrow,  the  spirited  phalanx. 
Part  ilraw  swords  in  their  hands,  and  a  fxirt  arc  a  missile  of  iron 
Hurriedly  seizing  and  randomly  rushing.      I^iurentian  squadrons 
Forward  to  meet  them  atlvance:  heme  crowdedly  backward  are  surging  280 

Trojans,  .Agyllians,  Arcadians  all  in  their  gorgeous  ecpiipmenls: 
Thus  one  zest  is  |K)ssessing  them  all  to  decide  it  with  s;ibre. 
Soon  they  have  rifled  the  altars,  and  darkly  a  tem|)est  of  weapons 
Courses  all  over  the  heavens,  and  hurtles  a  shower  of  iron; 

Crocks  and  the  braziers  they  carry  away,  anil  even  litmus  285 

Flees,  back  bearing  his  beaten  gods,  with  the  treaty  a  failure: 
Some  are  their  chariots  harnessing,  or  at  a  Injund  on  their  chargers 
Flinging  their  bodies,  and  staml  with  their  siibres  unsheathed  i"i  .♦  fwitfl.- 
On  the   Tyrrhenian  monarch  Auletes,  enrobed  in  a  monarch's 
Badge,   the  intrepid  Messapus,  intent  on  confounding  the  treaty,  290 

Rules  on  his  charger  to  trample  him  down:  in  retreating  he  rushes 
Back,  and  unlucky  is  rolled,  on  the  opjx)site  altars  l)ehind  him. 
Square  on  his  head  and  his  shoulders:     Messapus  however  with  war-spear 
Flies  :<t  him  fierce,  and,  though  often  entreating,  aloft  with  his  l>»'aming 
Shaft  from  al)ove  on  his  war  horse  heavily  stabs  him.  ami  thus  s|K;aks:  295 

*•  Now  he  has  got  it;  this  goodlier  victim  is  lK)oned  to  the  great  gods  I" 
Crowd  the  Italians  around,  and  his  yet  warm  limbs  of  their  armor 
Strip.     Coryna;us,  in  |>assing,  a  half-burnt  brand  from  an  altar 
Seizes,  and  right  in  the  face  of  P^bysus  dashes  the  flames  as  he  comes  \i\\ 
Dealing  a  blow:  out  blazed  his  luxuriant  beard,  and  the  singed  h;iir  300 

(iave  out  a  stench:  and,  moreover,  he  following  up,  with  his  left  hand 
Seizes  his  wililered  antagonist's  flowing  locks,  and  ujx>n  him 
Planting  his  knee,  and  straining  to  earth  he  remorselessly  pins  him; 
So  he  his  side  with  his  stiff  sword  stabs.      Ptnlalirius  shepherd 
Alsus  pursuing,  as  on  through  the  wea{K)ns  he  scuJs  in  the  front  line,  305 


242  THE    ^NEID. 

Over  him  bends  with  unscabbarded  broadsword,  he  with  a  pole-axe 

Drawn  back  opposite  right  through  the  midst  of  his  forehead  and  chin-bone 

Smites  him,  and  widely  with  spattering  gore  bedrenches  his  armor: 

Hard  is  his  rest,  and  of  steel  is  the  slumber  that  presses  his  eyeballs 

Down,  and  his  eyelids  are  closed  in  the  gloom  of  perpetual  midnight.  310 

Meanwhile  the  pious  -^neas  unarmed  was  stretching  his  right  hand 
Forth,  with  his  forehead  uncovered,  and  shouting  aloud  to  his  allies: 
"Where  are  ye  rushing,  or  what  is  this  sudden  disorder  arising  ? 
Check  your  resentments;  already  the  treaty  is  struck,  the  conditions 
All  are  arranged:  it  is  right  that  I  only  encounter  the  hazard:  315 

Let  me,  and  banish  your  fears;  by  my  hand  I  will  render  the  treaties 
Valid;  these  services  set  apart  Turnus  already  as  due  me." 
Right  in  the  midst  of  these  pleas,  in  the  midst  of  such  noble  expressions, 
Lo  !  on  its  wings  at  the  champion  whizzing  there  glided  an  arrow; 
But  by  whose  hand  it  was  shot,  by  what  whirlwind  blast  it  was  driven,  320 

Whether  by  chance,  or  a  deity  won  for  Rutulians  such  high 
Praise,  is  uncertain:  suppressed  is  the  glory  distinct  of  the  exploit: 
No,  nor  did  any  one  boast  of  the  deed  in  the  wound  of  ALneas. 
Turnus,  as  soon  as  he  saw  ^Eneas  retire  from  the  serried 

Host,  and  the  leaders  confounded,  with  hope  of  a  sudden  aglow  burns;  325 

Orders  his  steeds,  and  his  armor  at  once;  at  a  bound  in  his  chariot 
Proudly  he  leaps,  and  disposes  the  reins  in  his  hands  for  an  onslaught. 
Many  a  champion's  stalwart  body  to  death  he  careering 
Offers,  and  many  he  rolls  half-dead,  or  the  hosts  with  his  chariot 
Charges,  or  scatters  the  war-spears  snatched  from  the  fugitive  foemen;  330 

Just  as  when  blood-stained  Mars,  by  the  streams  of  the  shivering  Hebrus 
Wrathfully  clangs  with  his  shield,  and  awakening  battles  he  in  them 
Launches  his  furious  chargers:  they  over  the  limitless  prairie. 
Fly  in  the  van  of  the  South  and  the  East-wind:     Thrace  to  its  last  bound 
Groans  with  the  tramp  of  their  feet,  and  around  are  careering  the  dismal  335 

Features  of  Panic,  and  Anger,  and  Ami>ush,  the  deity's  escorts  ! 
So  does  alacrious  Turnus,  at  large  in  the  midst  of  the  conflicts 
Startle  his  lathery  chargers,  insulting  his  wretchedly  slaughtered 
Foemen;  the  rapid  hoofs  of  his  prancers  besprinkle  the  bloody 
Spray,  as  the  fresh  gore  mixed  with  the  sand  is  trampled  beneath  them.  340 

Now  hath  he  given  to  massacre  Sthenelus,  Thamyris,  Pholus, 
This  one  confronting  and  that,  but  the  latter  at  distance,  at  distance 
Both  the  Imbrasides  Glancus,  and  Lades,  whom  Imbrasus'  self  had 
Fondly  in  Lycia  fostered  and  furnished  with  similar  armor, 
Either  to  fight  as  a  footman,  or  rival  the  winds  on  a  war-horse.  345 


BOOK    XII.  243 

Thrrc,  in  another  dircrtion,  Kumc<lts  is  Iwirnc  in  ih«  rnidni  of  the  coml>at», 

()lts|)riii){  in  battle  distini^iiishcd  of  Dolon  of  uUl,  to  his  ){randsirc 

Hearing  resemblance  m  nanjc,  and  in  spirit  and  hands  lo  his  jwrcnt. 

Who,  on  a  time,  as  he  went  as  n  spy  tu  the  camps  of  the  Danai, 

Ventured  tu  claim  for  himself,  as  his  (pierdon,  the  car  of  Helidcs;  350 

Him  did  Tydides  award  for  his  daring  adventures  a  wholly 

Different  prize:  he  no  longer  aspires  to  the  steeds  of  Achdics. 

Far  o'er  the  o|Kn  plain  as   Turnus  obser\ant  espied  him, 

Kirst  through  the  long  void  chasing  him  up  with  a  pliable  javelin. 

Reins  in  his  s|Xin,  and  adown  from  his  chariot  leaps,  and  u|)on  hun  355 

Comes  as  he  lifelessly  sank,  and  his  foot  on  his  neck  as  a  victor 

Pressing,  he  wrenches  the  blade  from  his  right  hand,  and  glittering  bathes  il 

Deep  in  his  throat,  while  he  over  him  adds  these  stinging  invections: 

'*  There  !  thou  art  lying,  ()  Trojan,  to  measure  what  thou  by  the  warfare 

Soughtest,  these  fields  and  Hespcna:  such  are  the  prizes  which  tht)sc  l>ear       360 

Olf,  who  presume  to  assail  me  with  sabre:  so  build  they  their  ramjwrts'.  " 

'Then  with  his  switt-hurleil  barb  he  dispatches  his  escort  Abytes, 

Chloreus,  too,  and  Sybaris,  Dares,  Thersilochus  likewise; 

And  as  he  slid  from  the  neck  of  his  stumbling  charger,  'Thym<rtes: 

Just  as  a  blast  of  Edonian  Boreas  over  the  mighty  /Kgean  365 

Roars,  as  it  chases  the  surges  successively  on  to  the  headlands 

Wildly;  wherever  the  winds  swoojk-iI,  clouds  take  flight  in  the  heavens: 

So,  too,  to  'Turnus,  wherever  he  cleaves  him  a  passage,  the  siiuadruns 

Yield,  and  the  scattering  ranks  rush  wild,  for  an  impetus  bears  him 

On,  and  a  breeze  from  the  chariot  ruftles  his  fluttering  plumage.  370 

Phegeus  brooked  not  the  slayer  careering,  and  raving  in  spirits; 

Planting  himself  in  the  chariots'  track,  he  jerked  with  his  right  hand 

Downward  the  bit-frothed  mouths  of  his  galloping  steeds;  but  a  broad  lance 

FolUnvs  him,  whilst  he  is  dragged  along  and  hangs  on  the  neck  yoke 

Unprotected;   and  piercing  it  burrows  its  way  through  his  two-fold  375 

Corselet,  and  smacks  with  a  wound  in  its  jjassage  the  tip  of  his  luxly: 

Still,  interposing  his  buckler,  he  wheeling  was  right  on  the  foeman 

Striding,  and  seeking  redress  with  his  unsheathed  blade  for  the  insult. 

When,  as  imfielled  by  the  onward  momentum,  the  wheel  and  the  axle 

Struck  him,  and  tumbled  him  prone  on  the  ground:  and  'Turnus  pursuing,       380 

Right  in  between  the  base  of  his  helmet  and  top  of  his  breast-plate. 

Severed  bis  head  with  his  sword,  and  the  trunk  left  on  the  arena. 

Hut  on  the  plains  while  'Turnus  triumphant  is  making  such  havoc, 
Mnestheus  and  faithful  .Achates,  Ascanius  also  as  escort. 
Meanwhile  have  stationed  in  camp  the  extiausted  and  gory  .-Kneas,  385 


244  THE    ^NEID. 

Limpingly  leaning  his  every  alternate  step  on  his  long  lance. 

Wildly  he  raves,  as  he  struggles  to  tear  out  the  shaft  of  the  shattered 

Reed,  and  insists  on  the  readiest  way  of  relief  from  its  torture, 

Bidding  them  cleave  with  his  broad-sword  even  the  wound,  and  lay  open 

Deeply  the  weapon's  retreat,  and  restore  him  again  to  the  combats.  ^90 

Soon  at  his  side  was  lapis,  the  son  of  lasus,  o'er  others 

Cherished  by  Phoebus,  to  whom  by  his  ardent  affection  enraptured 

Once  the  elated  Apollo  imparted  his  arts  and  peculiar 

Offices,  augury,  harp,  and  his  skill  with  the  feathery  arrow: 

He,  with  a  view  of  postponing  the  fate  of  his  languishing  parent,  395 

Chose  to  acquire  the  medicinal  virtues  of  herbs,  and  the  method 

Rather  of  healing,  and  practice  unhonored  his  silent  vocations. 

Bitterly  storming  ^neas  was  standing  sustained  by  his  massy 

Spear,  with  a  mighty  assembly  of  guards,  and  the  saddened  liilus, 

He  by  their  tears  unaffected.     The  old  man  girt  with  a  tucked  up  400 

Scarf  in  Pseonian  fashion,  with  many  a  medicine  ready, 

Many  a  potent  herb  of  Phoebus,  in  trepidance  bustles 

Fruitlessly  round,  and  as  fruitlessly  coaxes  the  dart  with  his  right  hand 

Gently,  and  grasps  with  tenacious  forceps  the  steel  to  extract  it. 

Fortune  no  way  is  directing,  and  naught  does  his  patron  Apollo  405 

Aid  him,  whilst  more  and  more  on  the  plains  is  the  ominous  panic 

Spreading,  and  evil  is  nearer.     Already  they  notice  the  heavens 

Pillared  in  dust,  as  the  cavalry  charge,  and  the  javelins  are  falling 

Thick  in  the  midst  of  the  camps.     To  sether  a  saddening  clamor 

Booms  as  of  warriors  fighting  and  falling  'neath  merciless  Mavors.  410 

Hereupon,  shocked  by  the  anguish  unworthy  endured  by  her  offspring, 
Venus,  his  mother,  a  spriglet  of  dittany  gathers  on  Cretan 
Ida,  mature  in  its  downy  leafage,  and  hairy  in  purple 
Bloom,  a  medicinal  plant  not  wholly  unknown  to  the  mountain 
Goats,  when  fast  in  their  backs  are  inhering  the  piniony  arrows.  415 

This,  in  a  dim  cloud  while  she  enshrouded  her  countenance,  Venus  [ing 

Brought,  and  with  this  does  she  tincture  the  stream  that  is  poured  from  the  shm- 
Basins,  and,  secretly  drugging  it,  sprinkles  the  healthful  and  healing 
Juice  of  ambrosia  in  it,  a  sweetly  perfumed  panacea. 

Aged  lafpis,  not  knowing  its  virtues,  the  wound  with  this  lotion  420 

Tenderly  bathes,  and  forsooth  of  a  sudden  all  pain  from  his  body 
Fled,  and  directly  the  blood  all  staunched  in  the  wound  to  the  bottom. 
Now  does  the  arrow,  pursuing  the  hand  without  an  exertion, 
Fall  of  itself,  and  his  strength  has  recovered  as  freshly  as  ever. 
"  Hasten,  and  furnish  the  hero  his  armor  !     Why  stand  ye,"  liipis  425 


BOOK    XII.  245 

Loudly  exclaims,  ano  at  once  he  enkindIcA  their  miuI»  on  the  focman: 

*•  Not  hy  a  human  assistance,  and  not  l>y  the  art  of  a  master 

Came  this  al)ont.     It  is  not  my  hand,  ()  /l-ineas,  that  saves  thee: 

Deity  j^ramler  directs,  and  reserves  thee  for  fjranilcr  achievements  f  " 

Kagerly  had  he  in  gold  cnvelojicd  his  ankles  for  t)attlc,  430 

This  side  and  that,  and  he  grudges  delays  as  he  flashes  his  war- spear. 

When  to  his  side  and  his  back  are  atljusted  his  buckler  and  breast-plate, 

Fondly  he  clasps  his  Ascanius  round  in  his  armoreil  embraces. 

Kissing  the  tips  of  his  lips  through  the  helmet,  and  thus  he  l)esjx:aks  Inm: 

"  I.earn  from  me,  my  boy,  heroism  and  lal)or  in  earnest,  435 

Fortune  from  others:  for  now  shall  my  right  hand  wui  thee  in  warfare 

Safety,  and  lead  thee  amid  its  distinguishing  prizes  to  jrlory  ! 

Sc*e  to  it  presently,  when  to  maturity  age  shall  have  brought  thee/ 

IJc  thou  aware  when  recalling  to  mind  the  exam|)les  of  kindred, 

Let  then  thy  father  .-F'ncas  and  uncle  Hector  incite  thee  !  "  440 

When  he  hath  uttered  these  words,  as  a  giant  he  strode  from  the  gate-ways. 
Waving  his  jxjnderous  shaft  in  his  hanti;  and  at  once  with  a  den.se  host 
.\ntheus  and  Mnestheus  sally,  and  all — a  promiscuous  rabble — 
Stream  from  the  quitted  encampment.     Then  is  the  plain  in  a  blinding 
Dust-cloud  mingled,  and  trembles  the  earth  in  affright  at  their  foot-fall.  445 

Turnus  has  seen  them,  as  onward  they  come  from  the  o()|x>site  breastwork 
Seen  have  Ausonians  all,  and  a  cold  chill  ran  through  their  inmost 
Hones.     In  advance  of  all  of  the  Latins  Juturna  the  foremost 
Heard,  antl  distinguished  the  sound,  and  shrinkingly  lied  to  the  rearward. 
Onward  he  flits,  as  he  hurries  his  ilark  host  over  the  freed  plain;  450 

Just  like  a  temjK'st  when  down  from  the  zenith  abruptly  it  landward 
Sweeps  o'er  the  midst  of  the  ocean:  alas  I  how  the  hearts  of  the  wretched 
Husbandmen  quake  as  they  bode  it  afar;  to  the  trees  it  will  ruin 
Bring  and  a  havoc  to  harvests,  and  widely  will  devastate  all  things: 
Winds  as  they  fly  in  advance  bear  onward  the  roar  to  the  sea-shores:  455 

Such  on  the  enemy's  front  is  the  Khcetian  champion  onward 
Urging  his  host,  as  they  crowdedly  each  in  their  marshalleil  battalions 
Cluster.     Thymbraeus  smites  with  his  sword  the  encuml>ered  Osiris; 
Mnestheus  .\rchetius.  Achates  assassinates  Flpulo,  Gyas 

.Massacres  Ufens,  and  even  the  Augur  Tolumnius  welters,  460 

Who  at  the  out.set,  had  tilted  his  shaft  in  the  face  of  the  foemcn. 
Loud  on  the  welkin  is  lifteti  a  shout,  and  Kutulians  wheeling 
Offer  in  turn  their  backs  in  a  dusty  retreat  thr(»ugh  the  cornfields. 
Deigns  he  not  even  to  level  in  death  the  escaping  deserters  ; 
Follows  he  none  who  encountered  him  foot  to  foot,  nor  the  weapon  465 


246  THE   ^NEID. 

Bearers  at  large;  but  he  searchingly  tracks  in  bewildering  darkness 

Turnus  alone,  and  alone  he  challenges  him  in  the  contests. 

Sore  distraught  in  her  mind  by  this  fear,  the  virago  Juturna 

Off  in  the  midst  of  the  traces  the  driver  of  Turnus,  Metiscus, 

Pitches,  and  leaving  him  far  in  the  rear,  as  he  slid  from  the  car-pole,  470 

Mounts  in  his  place,  and  seizing  the  undulent  reins  in  her  own  hands 

Mimics  exactly  the  voice,  and  the  mien,  and  the  arms  of  Metiscus; 

Just  as  a  sable  swallow  at  times  through  the  sumptuous  mansions 

Flits  of  an  opulent  lord:  as  it  roams  on  its  pinions  the  lofty 

Court-)'^ards,  picking  up  daintiest  morsels  and  food  for  its  chirping  475 

Nestlings,  and  now  in  the  porticoes  vacant,  and  now  by  the  deep  pools 

Twitters  around:  like  it  in  the  midst  of  the  foemen  Juturna, 

Borne  by  her  coursers,  and  flitting  in  fluttering  chariot  braves  all 

Risks,  and  now  hither,  now  thither  exhibits  her  jubilant  brother, 

Nor  does  she  let  him  at  hand  fight,  but  dashes  away  in  the  distance.  480 

Nevertheless  to  confront  him,  ^neas  her  tortuous  circles 
Traces,  and  tracking  the  hero,  aloud  through  the  mighty  disordered 
Regiments  calls  him.     As  oft  as  he,  fixing  his  eyes  on  the  foeman, 
Tested  by  running  the  speed  of  her  wing-footed  horses,  Juturna 
Equally  often  her  chariot  wheeled  in  another  direction.  485 

Lack-a-day  !     What  can  he  do  ?     In  a  various  eddy  he  vainly 
Floats,  and  conflicting  anxieties  summon  his  spirit  diversely. 
At  him  Messapus,  the  nimble  in  chase,  as  he  then  in  his  left  hand 
Chanced  to  be  carrying  two  tough  darts,  that  were  mounted  with  iron, 
One  of  them  levelling  aims  it  directs  with  unerring  precision.  490 

Halted  ^neas,  and  coolly  collected  himself  in  his  armor, 
Crouched  on  his  kneet :  yet  the  spear,  as  incited,  the  tip  of  his  helmet 
Carried  away,  and  shook  off  the  plumes  from  the  cone  on  its  summit. 
Then  for  a  certainty  rises  his  wrath;  and  he,  chafed  by  the  ruses. 
When  he  perceives  that  the  horses  and  chariot  are  driven  at  random,  495 

Calling  on  Jupiter  oft,  and  the  altars  of  violate  treaties, 
Now  on  their  centre  advances  at  length,  and,  with  Mars  in  his  favor, 
Terrible  grown,  he  awakens  an  indiscriminate,  savage 
Slaughter,  and  flings  loose  all  the  reins  of  his  wrathful  resentments. 

Which  god  now  can  so  many  atrocities,  which  can  the  random  500 

Carnage  in  song,  and  the  fate  of  the  champions  whom  on  the  whole  field 
Turnus  now  charges,  and  now  in  his  turn  the  hero  of  Troja, 
Sketch  me?     O  Jupiter,  was  it  thy  will  that  the  nations  in  endless 
Amity  destined  to  merge,  should  engage  in  such  fearful  commotion  ? 

Wrathful  ylineas  Rutulian  Sucro — this  opening  combat  505 


BOOK  xii.  2.;7 

Checked  on  the  s|K)1  the  discomfiteil   1-  nrran» — while  «tDppmi;  a  r 
Takes  m  the  flank,  and  his  miirderuti.s  swoni,  where  the  fate»  are  i...    ..... 

Drives  right  straight  through  his  rib»,  and  the  frame-work  strong  of  hi»  l>< 

Turmis  contending  on  foot  lays  Amyciis,  flung  from  his  charger, 

I^)\v,  and  upcoming  his  brother  Diores.'the  one  with  his  long  l>arlicd  510 

Spear,  and  the  other  he  smites  with  his  blade,  an«l,  suspending  the  severed 

Heads  of  the  two  on  his  chariot,  carries  them  reeking  with  bluod-dro|nk. 

That  one  dispatches  Talos  and  Tanais,  valiant  Ccthegus — 

Three  in  a  single  encounter — to  death,  and  the  hapless  (Unites, 

Nominal  son  of  Echion,  his  mother  the  nymph  Terulia.  515 

This  one  disfiatches  the  brothers  by  Lycia  sent  from  Apcollo's 

Fields,  and  Menoetcs,  a  youth  from  Aroidia  vainly  abhorring 

Battles,  whose  trade  and  whose  plebeian  cottage  had  l)cen  by  the  fish-filled 

Streams  of  the  Lerna  ;  unknown  were  the  duties  devolving  on  mighty 

Heroc?  in  war,  and  the  lanil  that  his  father  was  sowing  was  rented.  520 

Just  as  when  fires  have  been  started  at  different  |)oints  in  a  drought-dried 

Forest,  and  spread  ihence  wild  in  the  crackling  bushes  of  laurel: 

Or  when  down,  in  a  rapid  descent  from  the  towering  mountains, 

Tumble  the  foaming  torrents,  and  hurry  away  on  the  lowlands, 

Each  one  plowing  its  own  way  through:  no  slower  are  l)oth  men  525 

Rushing,  ^Eneas  and  Turnus,  through  various  skirmishes:  now,  now 

Surges  resentment  within  them;  their  l)osoms  are  bursting,  not  knowing 

How  to  be  conquered:   in  wouiuls  they  with  all  their  might  are  careering: 

This  one  Murranus,  while  sounding  his  fathers  and  forefathers'  ancient 

Titles,  and  all  of  his  lineage  traced  through  the  Latian  monarchs,  530 

Heaillong  down  with  a  crag,  and  the  whirl  of  a  ponderous  l)oulder. 

Pitches  and  sprawls  on  the  ground  :  right  o'er  him  'neath  traces  and  neck-yoke, 

Trundled  the  wheels,  and  upon  him,  with  clattering  patter,  the  prancing 

Hoofs  of  his  horses,  unmindful  at  length  of  their  master  are  trampling. 

That  one  on  Hyllus,  as  savagely  rushing  and  storming  in  spirits,  533 

Charges,  and  hurls  at  his  gaudily  gold-decked  temples  a  wea|x)n; 

Right  through  his  helmet  the  s|^ar  stow!  fixed  in  the  brain  of  the  braggarL 

Nor  did  thine  own  right  hand,  O  Crelheus,  thou  bravest  of  Cirecians, 

Snatch  thee  from  Turnus;  nor  yet  did  the  deities  shelter  Cujiencus 

At  the  approach  of  /Eneas:  he  gave  to  the  steel  his  prescnte<l  5.J0 

Breast,  nor  availed  him  unlucky  the  check  of  his  coppery  buckler. 

Thee,  too,  Laurentian  plains,  O  .,41olus,  saw  as  untimely 

Perish,  and  sprawlingly  stretch  on  thy  back  on  the  land  of  the  foemen; 

Yes,  thou  hait  fallen  whom  neither  the  Argives  serrietl  phalanxes. 

No,  nor  Achilles,  the  master  of  Priam's  dominions,  could  prostrate;  545 


248  THE    ^NEID. 

Here  were  thy  limits  of  death  :  thy  home  under  Ida  was  lofty, 
Lofty  thy  home  at  Lyrnesus,  thy  grave  in  the  glebe  of  Laurentum. 

Thus  were  embattled  the  whole  line  of  combatants,  all  of  the  Latins, 
All  the  Dardanian  forces,  Mnestheus  and  daring  Serestus, 

Tamer  of  horses  Messapus  no  less,  and  the  valiant  Asilas,  550 

Tuscans'  phalanx  entire,  and  Evander's  Arcadian  squadrons. 
Each  for  himself  to  the  utmost  of  energy  struggle  the  heroes; 
Halt  there  is  none,  nor  repose,  as  they  tug  in  the  desperate  contest. 

Here  did  his  beautiful  mother  suggest  to  ^neas  the  purpose 
Forward  to  push  to  the  ramparts,  and  turn  to  the  city  his  column  555 

Quickly,  and  charging  to  rout  by  precipitous  slaughter  the  Latins. 
He,  as  he  tracks  through  the  different  columns  his  enemy  Turnus, 
Sweeps  round  hither  and  thither  his  glance,  and  discovers  the  city 
Now  from  the  terrible  battle  exempt,  and  uninjuredly  quiet: 
Instantly  flashes  before  him  the  view  of  a  grander  engagement.  560 

Calling  his  chieftains  Mnestheus,  Sergestus,  and  valiant  Serestus 
Round  him,  he  takes  to  a  mound,  where  the  rest  of  the  legion  of  Teucrans 
Rally,  nor  lay  they  their  shields,  nor  their  javelins,  though  crowded  together, 
Down.     He  centrally  perched  on  the  lofty  embankment  bespeaks  them: 
"  Let  there  be  no  delay  at  my  orders,  for  Jupiter  backs  this;  565 

Let  none  slower  advance,  because  my  proposal  is  sudden; 
I  will  to-day  yon  city,  the  cause  of  the  war,  and  Latinus' 
Realms,  too,  unless  they  consent  to  the  curb,  and  submit  as  the  conquered. 
Crumble,  and  low  on  the  ground  will  deposit  its  smouldering  rafters. 
I  am  forsooth  to  await,  until  Turnus  shall  choose  to  permit  our  570 

Battles,  and  be  once  more  as  the  conquered  willing  to  meet  him! 
Citizens  this  is  the  head,  and  the  sum  of  this  cursable  warfare: 
Bring  ye  the  torches  at  once,  and  with  flames  demand  the  agreement." 
Thus  had  he  spoken,  and  all  in  a  body  with  rivalrous  spirits 
Form  in  a  wedge,  and  are  borne  in  a  crowded  mass  to  the  ramparts!  575 

All  unexpectedly  ladders,  and  fire  have  appeared  of  a  sudden! 
Some  run  round  to  the  portals  and  butcher  the  outermost  sentries; 
Others  are  hurling  the  steel,  and  the  firmament  shrouding  with  weapons: 
Under  the  ramparts  ^neas  himself  in  the  midst  of  the  vanguards. 
Stretches  his  right  hand  upward,  and  loudly  accuses  Latinus,  580 

Calling  the  gods  to  attest  that  again  he  is  forced  to  the  combats: 
"Twice  now  Italians  are  foes,  and  now  these  other  treaties  are  broken." 
Meanwhile  among  the  affrighted  citizens  rises  a  discord; 
Some  of  them  l)id  to  unfasten  the  city,  and  open  the  gate-ways  • 

VT:de  to  the  Dardans,  and  drag  out  their  monarch  himself  on  the  ramparts:      585 


BCM)K    XII.  249 

Others  thrir  armor  assume,  and  attempt  to  defend  the  cntrcnchmcntJi, 

As  when  a  shepherd  has  tracctl  out  Inrrs  in  the  cellular  tufa 

Pent,  and  has  filled  their  retreat  with  a  nauseous  fume  to  expel  them, 

'I"reml)ling  within  for  their  welfare  they,  through  their  waxen  cncimrinvnts. 

Hustle  altout,  and  whet  up  their  wrath  by  inordinate  buzzings;  y)0 

Foul  is  the  odor  uprolled  to  the  roofs;  then  the  r(x:ks  with  a  tlull  hum 

Kcho  within,  and  there  issues  a  smoke  to  the  vacuous  breezes. 

This  catastrophe  also  befel  the  dispiritei!  Latins, 
Which  profound  to  its  base  shook  all  the  city  with  mourning. 
As  from  her  mansions  the  cpieen  looks  out  on  the  foemen  approaching,  595 

Sees  that  the  walls  are  assaulted,  and  fires  vault  up  to  the  roofings. 
Nowhere  Rutulian  troops  to  op[X)se  them,  no  column  of  Tiirnus, 
Sad  she  liclieves  that  the  youth  is  at  last  in  the  contest  of  battle 
Quenched,  and,  distracted  in  mind  by  her  wildering  grie^  of  a  sudden 
Clamors  that  she  is  the  criminal  cause  and  the  head  of  the  evils:  600 

Crazed  by  disheartening  frenzy,  and  uttering  many  reproaches. 
She,  with  her  own  hand,  desperate,  rending  her  mantle  of  purple, 
Ties  from  a  lofty  rafter  the  noose  of  an  infamous  exit. 
When  of  the  suicide  learned  the  ilisconsolate  I^tian  matrons, 
Foremost  her  daughter  I^vinia  tore  with  her  fingers  her  auburn  605 

Tresses  and  rosy  cheeks;  then  around  her  the  rest  of  the  rabble 
Rages,  and  wide  the  apartments  resound  with  their  dolorous  wailings. 
Hence  the  unfortunate  rumor  is  noised  through  the  whole  of  the  city; 
Minds  are  des|x)ndent:   Latinus  goes  forth  with  his  vesture  in  tatters, 
Stunned  and  o'erwhelmed  by  the  fate  of  his  wife  and  the  city'*;  (l«-strtirtion.      610 
Soiling  his  hoary  locks,  besprinkleil  with  ilust  in  defilement, 
[Much  he  accuses  himself  that  he  did  not  receive  at  the  outset 
Dardan  /Kneas,  and  take  him  as  son-in-law  cordially  welcomed.] 

Meanwhile  away  on  the  verge  of  the  plain  is  the  warrior  Tiimus 
Chasing  a  straggling  few  yet  more  languidly  now,  aiul  elate  now  615 

Less  and  less  by  the  meagre  success  of  his  galloping  chargers, 
nistantly  to  him  the  breeze  hath  wafted  the  clamor  with  unseen 
Terrors  commingled:  and  thrilling  have  struck  his  arrested  attention 
Sounds  of  the  city  confused,  and  the  joy-extinguishing  murmur. 
"  Ah,  me  !  why  are  the  ramjxirts  disturlKti  by  so  grievous  a  mourning  ?  620 

What  is  such  clamor  uprushing  from  different  parts  of  the  city  ? "' 
So  he  exclaims,  and  he  [xiuses  with  reins  drav,*n  tight  as  a  madman  ' 
But  his  sister,  as  changed  to  the  shape  of  his  driver  Metiscus, 
She  was  the  chariot,  and  horses,  and  reins  for  the  champion  guiding. 
Meets  him  with  these  words:  "  Hitherward,  Turnus,  now  let  us  pursue  these  625 


250 


THE    ^NEID. 


Natives  of  Troja,  where  victory  earliest  opens  a  pathway; 

Others  there  are  who  by  hand  can  defend  the  imperial  mansions; 

See  how  ^neas  assails  the  Italians  and  mingles  the  combats, 

Come  from  our  hand  let  us  launch  on  the  Teucrans  a  merciless  havoc, 

Thou  shalt  retire  not  'neath  them  in  number  and  honor  of  battle  !  "  630 

Turnus  to  this  said: 

"  Sister,  aye  long  have  I  known  thee,  when  first  thou  by  artful  intriguing 

Quashedst  the  treaties,  and  gavest  thyself  to  engage  in  these  conflicts  ! 

Vainly  thou  now  as  a  goddess  disguisest  !     But  who  in  Olympus, 

Pray,  hath  wished  thee  dispatched  to  bring  us  such  terrible  hardships  ?  635 

Is  it  to  witness  the  cruel  death  of  thy  pitiful  brother  ? 

For,  what  do  I  ?  or  what  now  the  safety  that  fortune  can  pledge  me  ? 

I  e'en  before  mine  eyes,  as  he  loudly  mvoked  me  to  save  him, 

Saw  Murranus,  than  whom  to  me  no  other  dearer  survives  him, 

Perishing,  mighty  himself  by  a  death-wound  mighty  defeated.  .  •    640 

Fell  the  unfortunate  Ufens,  lest  he  our  indecorous  conduct 

Witness,  and  now  are  the  Teucrans  possessing  his  body  and  armor. 

Shall  I  then  suffer  our  homes  to  be  razed — to  calamities  this  one 

Only  was  left— nor  refute  by  this  hand  the  reproaches  of  Drances  ? 

Back  shall  I  show,  and  this  earth  see  Turnus  a  fugitive  fleeing  ?  645 

Is  it  then  such  a  misfortune  to  die  ?     O  ye  spirits  departed, 

Be  ye  benign  to  me  now,  since  averse  is  the  will  of  supernals  ! 

I  will  go  down  unto  you  as  a  sanctified  soul,  and  of  that  foul 

Scandal  unconscious,  and  never  unworthy  my  valorous  fathers  !  " 

Scarce  had  he  spoken  this — lo  !  through  the  midst  of  the  enemy  Saces      650 
Mountedly  flits  on  a  foaming  charger,  his  face  by  an  arrow 
Wounded  in  front,  and  imploring  Turnus  by  name  as  he  rushes: 
"  Turnus,  in  thee  is  our  ultimate  safety  !     O  pity  thy  comrades  ! 
Thunders  yEneas  in  armor,  and  threatens  to  hurl  the  Italian's 
Loftiest  citadels  down,  and  consign  them  to  utter  destruction;  655 

Torches  now  vault  to  the  roofing.     On  thee,  on  thee  are  the  Latins 
Turning  their  faces  and  eyes:  e'en  hesitates  monarch  Latinus 
Which  he  shall  son-in-law  call,  and  to  which  of  the  leagues  to  ally  him  ! 
Further,  the  queen,  thy  trustiest  friend,  hath  just  by  her  own  hand 
Fallen,  alas  !  and  in  utter  despondency  fled  from  the  daylight.  660 

Sole  in  defense  of  the  portals  Messapus  and  daring  Atinas 
Steady  the  line  of  the  battle;  on  each  flank  round  them  phalanxes 
Crowdedly  stand,  and  is  bristling  an  iron  hai'vest  of  unsheathed 
Blades,  yet  thou  sweepest  thy  chariot  round  on  the  desolate  grass-plot." 

Turnus  confounded  was  stunned  by  the  varying  image  of  pending  665 


BOOK    \ll.  251 

Issues,  and  stood  in  a  spocrhlcss  attitude:  mightily  surges 

Shame  in  his  single  heart,  and  a  madness  immmjjlc<l  with  sorrow, 

Love,  too,  goaded  by  furies,  and  conscious  possession  of  valor. 

Soon  as  the  shadows  disjx-rsctl,  and  the  Ii;:hi  was  restored  to  his  sense», 

Straij^htway  whirled  he  the  flashing  halls  <»f  his  eyes  t(»  the  ram|>arts  670 

Krenzieil,  anil  back  from  his  vehicle  gazed  on  the  glorious  city. 

But  lo  !  a  vortex  of  flames  was,  upnilleil  in  the  midst  of  the  stories, 

Waving  to  heaven,  and  seizing  the  tower — the  tower  that  himself  had 

Lately  uprearcd  of  compactedly  jointed  tindwrs,  and  firmly 

Under  it  trussed,  and  constructed  its  rollers  and  towcnng  gang-ways,  675 

"Now,  now  sister  are  fates  m  ascendency;  cease  to  detain  me: 

Let  me  pursue  where  imj^erious  fortune  and  deity  call  me  I 

Puqxjsed  am  I  to  engage  with  ^-f^neas,  and  purjwsed  to  suffer 

All  that  is  bitter  in  death:  thou  shall  see  me  no  longer  a  coward, 

Sister,  but  ere  it,  I  pray  thee,  permit  me  to  fume  in  this  fury."  680 

Spake  he  and  gave  from  his  chariot  (juickly  a  leap  to  the  meadows; 
On  through  the  foe,  and  through  weapons  he  rushes,  and  leaves  his  disheartened 
Sister,  and  bursts  on  a  furious  run  in  the  midst  of  the  squadrons. 
Just  like  a  rock,  when  it  headlong  down  from  the  top  of  a  mountain 
Rushes,  detached  by  the  wind,  or  when  a  tempestuous  rain-storm  685. 

Drenches,  or  time,  with  the  lapse  of  years,  perhaps  has  released  it; 
Down  the  precipitous  ledge,  the  impetuous  mount  by  momentum 
Mighty  is  borne,  as  it  bounds  o'er  the  ground  and  enrolling  within  it 
Forests  and  cattle  and  men:  so  Turnus,  through  scattenng  squadrons. 
Rushes  away  to  the  walls  of  the  city,  where  earth  is  profusely  690 

Reeking  with  fresh-shed  blood,  and  the  breezes  are  hissing  with  javt-nns. 
Beckons  he  far  with  his  hanil,  and  at  once  in  vociferous  language  commands: 
"Spare  ye  Rutulians  now,  and  ye  latins  refrain  from  your  weafxjns; 
Fortune,  whatever  it  be,  is  my  own;  it  is  fairer  that  singly 

I  in  your  stead  should  atone  for  the  truce,  and  decide  it  with  sabre."  695 

All  in  .the  midst  have  withdrawn  and  afforded  a  space  for  the  combat. 

But  when  the  name  of  Turnus  was  mentioned  the  father  .'Rneas, 
Quitting  the  walls  of  the  city,  and  quitting  the  heights  of  the  castle, 
Dashes  down  all  delays,  and  breaks  otT  all  ofK-rations. 

Leaping  in  exhilaration,  he  horribly  rattles  his  armor,  700 

Mighty  as  Athos,  or  mighty  as  hlryx,  or  mighty  as  father 
Moi'nt  Apenninus,  when  loudly  he  roars  in  the  shimmering  holm-trees 
Proud  of  his  summit  of  snow,  as  he  lofily  looms  in  the  breezes. 
Now  have  Rutulians  eager,  and  Trojans  and  all  the  Italians 
Verily  turned  their  eyes,  both  those  who  were  holding  the  ramparts  705 


252  THE    ^NEID. 

Lofty,  and  those  who  were  pounding  the  lowermost  walls  with  an  engine, 
Down  from  their  shoulders  have  lowered  their  armor,  and  even  Latinus 
Views  with  amazement  the  stalwart  champions,  born  in  dissevered   " 
Farts  of  the  globe,  engaging  and  risking  their  fate  on  the  sabre. 

But  they,  as  soon  as  have  opened  the  plains  in  a  vacant  arena,  710 

On  at  a  rapid  pace,  when  afar  have  been  tilted  their  war-spears, 
March  to  the  martial  encounter  with  bucklers  and  copper  resounding. 
Earth  deep  utters  a  groan;  then  the  clashings  incessant  with  broadswords 
Fierce  they  redouble,  and  fortune  and  valor  are  mingled  together: 
Just  as  in  boundless  Sila,  or  when  on  the  heights  of  Taburnus,  715 

Two  bulls  meet  in  their  hostile  encounters  with  foreheads  on  foreheads 
Butting;  their  keepers  dismayed  have  withdrawn  from  the  scene  of  the  conflict; 
All  of  the  herd  stand  mute  in  alarm,  and  at  loss  are  the  heifers 
AVhich  shall  be  lord  of  the  wood,  which  all  of  the  cattle  shall  follow: 
Wounds  they  between  them  with  many  a  tussle  immingle,  and  pushing  720 

Burrow  their  horns  in  each  other,  and  fierce  are  with  copious  bloodshed 
Bathing  their  necks  and  their  withers;  the  whole  wood  bellows  with  groaning: 
Just  so  Trojan  .^neas  at  length  and  the  Daunian  hero 
Battle  with  bucklers,  and  mighty  the  crash  that  is  filling  the  welkin. 
Jupiter  even  is  holding  the  scales  on  an  evenly  balanced  725 

Poise,  and  the  different  fates  of  the  two  he  adjusts  to  determine 
Which  the  engagement  shall  doom,  and  for  which  shall  preponderate  ruin. 
Turnus  here  springs  forth  boldly,  presuming  it  safe,  and  on  tip-toe 
Rises  with  all  of  his  body  aloft,  and  uplifting  his  broadsword 
Slashes.     The  Teucrans  and  trepidant  Latins  cry  out  in  amazement,  730 

Both  of  the  armies  are  held  in  suspense;  but  the  treacherous  broadsword 
Snaps,  and  abandons  the  fiery  wight  in  the  midst  of  his  well-aimed 
Blow,  and  if  flight  come  not  to  his  aid — but  he  quicker  than  East-wind 
Fled,  as  he  glanced  at  the  unknown  hilt,  and  his  weaponless  right  hniui. 

There  is  a  rumor  that,  when  he  was  mounting  his  span  in  the  early  735 

Frays,  the  ancestral  blade  of  his  father  was  left,  and  that  while  he 
Headlong  hurries,  he  caught  up  the  steel  of  his  driver  Metiscus: 
Long  it  sufficed  him,  while  Teucrans  were  turning  their  backs  in  a  panic; 
But  when  it -came  to  the  god's  Vulcanian  armor,  the  mortal 

Blade  in  the  hands  of  the  hero,  as  brittle  as  frosting  to  flinders  740 

Flew  at  a  stroke,  and  its  fragment  outgleams  on  the  yellow  arena. 
Hence  as  a  madman  Turnus  betakes  him  in  flight  to  a  distant 
Part  of  the  field,  and  entangles  now  hither,  then  thither  his  mazy 
Circuits,  for  Teucrans  have  hedged  him  around   in  a  clustering  i-ircle. 
But  here  a  measureless  marsh,  there  the  towering  battlements  gird  him.  745 


BCX)K    XII.  353 

Nevertheless  /Eneas,  though  Iamc<l  by  the  hindering  arrev. 
Even  though  often  his  knees  arc  im|K'(iin|{  and  t i  hit  progreu. 

Follows,  and  fervidly  urges  his  foot  on  the  f«x)t  01  m^  inghtrncd 
Foe;  like  a  hunttrhtnuul,  if  jHrchance  hv  discover  a  roebuck 
Hemmed  by  a  current,  or  awed  by  the  ilread  of  a  fluttering  feather,  750 

Presses  him  hard  in  the  chase,  and  assails  him  with  furious  barkings: 
He,  though  alarmed  by  the  snares  and  the  Ujfty  bank  of  the  river, 
backward  and  forward  flies  in  a  thousand  ways,  but  the  active 
Wide-mouthed  Umbrian  checks  him,  and  now,  now  grabs  him,  and  like  one 
(iaping  he  gnashes  his  jaws,  but  is  mocked  by  a  bite  as  at  ntilhing.  755 

Thc-n  of  a  truth  there  arises  a  shout,  and  the  banks  and  the  marshes 
Kcho  it  round,  and  thunilcr  the  heavens  throughout  with  the  uproar. 
He,  as  he  flees,  upbraids  the  Rutulians  all  in  a  bo<ly, 
Calling  on  each  by  name,  and  entreats  for  his  notable  broadsword. 
Counter  i4i)neas  vindictive  immediate  death  and  destruction  760 

Threatens,  if  any  appear  to  assist  him,  and  frightens  the  trembling 
Fui;itive,  threatening  to  ravage  the  city,  and  presses  on  wounded. 
Five  full  circles  they  round  in  the  chase  and  as  many  retraversc, 
Hither  and  thither,  for  they  arc  intent  on  no  trilling  and  sjxjrtive 
Prizes,  but  strive  for  the  lite  and  the  blood  of  the  champion  Turnus.  765 

Here  there  by  chance  had  a  wild  olive  stooti,  with  its  nauseous  leafage 
Sacred  to  Faunus,  a  tree  that  had  long  been  regarded  by  shipwrecked 
Sailors,  as  where  they  were  wont  to  affix,  when  escaped  from  the  surges, 
(iifts  and  suspend  the  habiliments  vowed  to  the  god  of  Laurentum: 
Hut  indiscriminate  then  had  the  Teucrans  taken  its  sacred  770 

Trunk  away,  to  be  able  to  charge  on  a  plain  unobstructed. 
Here  was  the  s[)ear  of  /Kneas  staniling;  the  impulse  hatl  hither 
Borne  it,  and  fixed  in  the  toughened  roots  it  was  holilmg  it  tightly. 
O'er  it  the  Dardan  stoojjed,  and  endeavored  to  wrench  the  eml>ctlded 
Steel  with  his  hand,  and  pursue  by  the  weajxjn  the  foe  he  had  l>cen  by  775 

Running  unable  to  catch;  but  distracted  by  terror  then  Turnus 
Cried:   "  O  Faunus,  I  pray  thee  to  pity,  and  thou  most  benign  Earth 
(irapple  tenacious  the  steel,  if  I  ever  have  cherished  thy  honors. 
Which  the  -T%neans  conversely  have  renderetl  profane  by  the  warfare." 
Spake  he,  and  summoned  the  deity's  aid  in  no  frivolous  vows;  for  780 

Long  on  the  toughened  stump,  though  tugging  and  hindered,  /Eneas 
Did  not  by  utmost  exertion  succeed  in  unclasping  the  wood's  firm 
Grip.     While  he  earnestly  struggles  and  presses,  the  Daunian  goddess. 
Once  more  changed  to  the  features  and  form  of  the  driver  .Metiscus, 
Sallies  officiously  forth,  and  restores  to  her  brother  his  broadsword.  785 


254 


THE    ^"^NEID. 


Venus,  indignant  that  leave  should  be  granted  the  pertly  audacious 

Nymph,  drew  near,  and  the  shaft  from  the  deep  root  wrenched  for  ^neas. 

They  sublime  with  their  armor  and  spirits  refurnished,  confiding 

One  in  his  sword,  and  the  other,  undaunted  and  tall,  in  his  war-spear, 

Stand  forth  opposite,  breathlessly  waiting  the  deadly  encounter.  790 

Meanwhile  the  sovereign  of  omnipotential  Olympus  addresses 
Juno,  as  she  on  a  sulphurous  cloud  is  observing  the  combats: 
"  What  shall  the  end  be  now,  my  spouse  ?  What  at  last  is  remaining  ? 
Knowest  thou  well,  and  confessest  thou  knowest ;  that  born  is  ^neas 
Destined  for  heaven,  and  yet  to  be  raised  by  the  fates  to  the  planets.  795 

What  dost   thou    scheme  ?      Or  with  what  hope  clingest  thou   still   to  the  cold 
Was  it  befitting  a  god  to  be  maimed  by  the  wound  of  a  mortal  ?  [clouds  ? 

Or  that  a  sword — for  what  could  Juturna  accomplish  without  thee  ? — 
Filched,  be  restored  to  Turnus,  and  vigor  infused  in  the  vanquished  ? 
Cease  now  at  length  from  the  strife,  and  be  swayed  by  our  earnest  entreaties;  800 
Let  not  a  grievance  so  harrowing  gnaw  thee  in  silence;  nor  let  such 
Sorrowful  cares  from  thy  sweet  lips  so  incessantly  haunt  me. 
Come  is  the  crisis  at  last.     Thou  hast  had  on  the  land  and  the  billows 
Power  to  discomfit  the  Teucrans,  and  kindle  ineffable  warfare, 
Whelm  in  dishonor  a  home,  and  embroil  an  espousal  in  mourning:  805 

_EuEther  to  trench  I  forbid  thee  !  "     So  Jupiter  opened  the  parley; 
So  the  Saturnian  goddess  with  downcast  countenance  answered: 
"  It  was  because  of  my  knowing  this  pleasure  of  thine,  O  exalted 
Jupiter,  that  I  Turnus  and  earth  have  reluctant  abandoned; 

Nay,  thou  hadst  not  now  seen  me  alone  in  this  airy  position,  8ic 

Suffering  rightly  or  wrongly,  but  girded  with  flames  I  had  wrathful 
Stood  in  the  front-rank  goading  to  hostile  encounters  the  Teucrans. 
Yes,  I  confess  I  persuaded  Juturna  to  succor  her  hapless 
Brother,  and  sanctioned  her  risk  for  his  life  of  more  signal  achievements; 
Still  that  she  level  no  shaft,  that  she  bend  not  a  bow  in  his  rescue;  815 

I  by  the  awful,  implacable  source  of  the  Stygian  fountain — 
That  sole  sanctity  left  to  supernal  divmities — swear  it: 
Now  I  retire  from  the  field,  and  disgusted  abandon  the  combats. 
That  which  is  holden  by  no  stern  statute  of  fate,  I  entreat  thee. 
Grant  me  for  Latium's  sake,  for  the  majesty's  sake  of  thy  kindred,  820 

When  they  shall  presently  form  by  felicitous  nuptuals — so  be  it — 
Peaceful  alliance,  and  presently  join  in  enactments  and  treaties, 
Bid  not  indigenous  Latins  to  change  their  original  surname, 
Or  to  become  all  Trojans,  or  called  as  a  nation  the  Teucrans, 
Or  that  the  heroes  exchange  their  language,  or  alter  their  customs;  8^5 


.    BOOK    XII.  255 

1^*1  there  be  I^itium,  Id  there  l>c  AlNnn  monarchs  for  age*, 
Let,  too,  the  Roman  succession  l>c  strong  by  Itahan  valor. 
Troja  hath  fallen,  and  let  it  have  fallen  in  name  a»  in  prcsti^^e." 
Smiling  ii|)on  her  replieil  the  designer  of  men  and  tjf  empires: 
'*  Thou  art  the  sister  of  Jove,  and  another  descendant  of  Saturn;  8jo 

Yet  thou  art  rolling  such  mighty  billows  of  wrath  in  thy  bosom  !  ' 

Come,  now,  and  lower  the  fury  so  fruitlessly  started  within  thee: 
What  thou  desirest  I  grant,  ami  submissive  I  cheerful  surrender: 
Still  shall  Ausonians  hold  to  the  s|)eech  and  the  ways  of  their  fathere. 
Just  as  it  is  shall  the  name  be  still,  and  incor|x>rate  only  835 

Teucrans  shall  settle  commingled;  and  customs  ami  wies  of  rcligioa. 
Too,  I  will  add,  and  will  make  of  one  language  all  u(  the  Uitins: 
Yea,  and  the  race  that  hence  rises  with  blood  Ausonian  mingled. 
Thou  shall  behold  over  men,  over  gods  in  its  piety  mounting; 
Nay,  not  a  nation  shall  ecpially  celebrate  with  them  thine  honors."  840 

Juno  assented  to  these,  and  elatetl  retracted  her  purjxjse; 
Meanwhile  retires  she  from  heaven,  and  abandons  her  cloudy  iwviiion. 
These  things  done  with  himself  d'.'es  the  father  resolve  on  another 
Scheme,  and  prepiires  to  dismiss  from  the  arms  of  her  brother  Juturna. 
T>vain  are  the  sister  fiends  who  are  called  by  thfe  name  of  the  Furies,  845 

Whom — and  in  Tartarus  dwelling  Megasra — unseasonly  Night  once 
liore  at  a  single  and  self-same  birth,  and  with  tresses  of  serj)ents 
Wreathed  them  alike,  and  appended  to  each  wind-hovering  pinions. 
'I'hese  are  at  Jupiter's  throne,  in  the  court  of  the  merciless  sovereign. 
Waiting,  and  serve  to  intensify  dread  in  languishing  mortals.  850 

Whene'er  the  sovereign  of  gods  some  horrible  plague  or  diseases 
Plans  to  inflict,  or  would  terrify  cities  deserving  with  warfare. 
One  of  these  Jupiter  swifty  adown  from  the  summit  of  xther 
Sent,  and  bade  her  as  omen  of  evil  encounter  Juturna. 

Flies  she  aloof,  and  is  borne  to  the  earth  on  a  rushing  tornado,  855 

Just  as  an  arrow  im|>elled  by  its  string  through  a  nebulous  vajnir, 
Armed  with  the  bane  of  a  virulent  jxiison  which  Parthian  archer — 
Parthian  or  a  Cydonian — shot,  an  incurable  weapon; 
Whizzing  it  l)ounds  on  its  errand  unnoticed  through  vanishing  shadows: 
So  did  the  daughter  of  Night  move  on  as  she  earthward  descended.  860 

When  she  discovers  the  Ilian  ranks  and  the  columns  of  Turnus, 
Suddenly  shrank  she  in  size  to  the  form  of  a  minikin  night-bird. 
Such  as  at  times  on  the  tombs,  or  on  desolate  roofs  in  the  night-time 
Seated,  unwelcomely  htxits  through  the  shadows  till  late  in  the  midnight. 
Changed  to  this  aspect  the  fiend  tbts  buzzing  in  presence  of  Turnus,  865 


256  THE  .5:neid. 

To  and  fro,  and  she  flaps  with  her  pinions  his  shield  as  she  passes. 

Singular  lethargy  palsied  his  limbs  with  alarm  as  he  saw  her; 

Stiffened  his  hair,  and  his  voice  stuck  fast  in  his  jaws  at  the  vision. 

But  as  Juturna  his  sister  the  whir  and  the  wings  of  the  dire-fiend 

JCnew  in  the  distance,  she  tore  her  disheveled  tresses  in  anguish,  870 

Scratching  her  face  with  her  nails,  and  with  clenched  fists  beating  her  bosom: 

"  How  can  thy  sister,  O  Turnus,  now,  possibly  longer  assist  thee? 

What  now  remains  for  my  pitiless  self  ?     By  what  art  can  I  longer 

Lengthen  thy  light  ?     Can  I  singly  oppose  so  unearthly  a  monster  ? 

Now  I  abandon  the  battle:  affright  me  no  more  in  my  terror,  875 

0  ye  detestable  fowls!     I  the  flap  of  your  wings  and  its  fatal 
Death-knell  know,  nor  mistake  I  magnanimous  Jupiter's  haughty 
Mandates.     O  does  he  thus  requite  for  virginity  ravished  ? 

Why  did  he  grant  me  perpetual  life  ?     And  wherefore  was  death's  stern 
Ordinance  reft  me  ?     I  now  can  assuredly  end  such  oppressive  83o 

Troubles  and  go  through  the  shadows  my  pitiful  brother's  attendant! 

1  an  immortal  ?  or  will  there  be  aught  in  the  privilege  precious, 
Brother,  without  thee  ?     O  where  is  the  land  that  sufificiently  deeply 
Yawns  to  receive  and  consign  me  a  goddess  to  spectres  infernal  ? " 

Thus  much  spake  she,  and  covered  her  head  in  a  veiling  of  azure,  885 

Groaning  full  oft,  and  the  goddess  hath  buried  herself  in  the  deep  stream. 

Onward  confrontingly  presses  JEneas,  and  flashes  his  weapon, 
Huge  as  a  tree,  and  he  thus  from  his  merciless  bosom  bespeaks  him: 
"  What  now  at  last  is  the  hindrance  ?     Or,  Turnus,  why  shrinkest  already  .'' 
Not  on  a  chase,  but  by  merciless  armor  at  hand  is  the  contest;  890 

Turn  thee  in  every  shape,  or  whatever  of  spirit  or  cunning 
^hou  canst  command  draw  on  for  the  nonce:  on  adventurous  pinions 
Long  to  ascend  to  the  stars,  or  to  hide  thee  enclosed  in  the  caverned 
Earth."     But  he  shaking  his  head  said:  "  Savage,  thy  fervid  bravado 
Frightens  me  not,  but  the  gods,  and  my  enemy  Jupiter,  fright  me."  895 

Spake  he  no  more,  but  he  glances  around,  and  a  ponderous  boulder, 
Primitive  boulder  and  ponderous,  which  by  a  chance  on  the  plain  lay 
There  as  a  landmark,  set  to  avert  a  dispute  in  the  cornfields: 
Scarce  could  a  dozen  selected  men  on  their  shoulders  support  it — 
Such  sized  bodies  of  men  as  the  earth  at  the  present  produces;  900 

Seizing  it,  he,  with  a  quivering  hand,  at  his  enemy  hurled  it, 
Rising  aloft,  and  exerting  himself  on  a  run  as  a  hero. 
But  he  neither  in  running,  nor  charging  discovers  his  wonted 
Self,  nor  in  lifting  his  hand,  nor  in  moving  the  marvellous  boulder: 
Totter  his  knees,  and  his  chilled  blood  curdled  throughout  with  a  shiver.  905 


BOOK    Xlt.  357 

Then,  too,  the  stone  itself  of  the  ch.nnpion,  whirled  through  the  thin  void. 

Vaulted  not  over  the  wh«»lc  of  the  »p.ite,  nor  inflicted  a  dc.ithMow; 

Hut  as  in  sluml)ers  by  ni^jhi,  when  a  languid  repoKc  1»  our  cyc-l>ali"» 

Pressing,  and  vainly  we  seem  to  l>e  eager  to  run  an  extended 

Race,  yet  we  swooningly  sink  in  the  midst  of  our  strenuous  efforts  910 

Powerless:  avails  not  the  tongue,  and  the  usual  vigor  of  Ixxly 

Fails  us,  and  neither  does  voice  nor  utterance  follow  our  wishes: 

Just  so  Turnus,  whatever  the  mcthcKJ  he  sought  by  his  valor. 

Wrathful  the  gmldess  refuses  success.     Then  varied  emotions 

Surge  in  his  bosom:  he  looks  to  Rntiilians,  then  to  the  city. 

Falters  in  terror,  and  shrinkingly  (juails  at  the  wea}x>n  impending: 

Sees  he  not  how  to  escain;,  nor  with  what  force  charge  on  his  foeman, 

Sees  not  his  chariot  anywhere  round,  nor  its  driver,  his  sister. 

Then  as  he  hesitates,  flashes  .Kneas  his  murderous  wea|X)n, 

(lauging  his  chance  by  his  eyes,  and  at  distance  with  all  of  his  IkxIv  )Jo 

Hurls  it.     Never  do  boulders  so  fearfully  hurtle  when  flung  from  a  nuirai 

Engine,  and  never  from  thunderbolt  even  are  crashes  so  awful 

Bounding.      The  terrible  s|x;ar  flies  on  like  a  lurid  tornado 

Carrying  drum  in  its  flight,  and,  upripping  the  rims  of  his  breast-plate. 

Sunders  the  nethermost  orb  of  his  seven-fold,  circular  buckler.  925 

Whizzing  It  Ijores  through  the  midst  of  his  thigh,  and  the  muscular  Turnus, 

Struck  down,  tumbles  to  earth  with  his  knee  bent  double  beneath  him. 

Rise  the  Rutulians  all  with  a  groan,  anil  the  whole  of  the  mountain 

Bellows  around,  and  the  deep  groves  widely  re-echo  the  outcry. 

He,  on  the  ground,  and  as  suppliant  stretching  his  eyes  and  his  pleading         o^.? 

Right  hand:  **  I  have  deservetl  it."  he  said,  "and  I  depreoite  nothing; 

Use  thy  allotted  advantage.      If  any  regard  for  a  |>arent 

Move  thee  to  pity,  I  pray  thee — for  such  was  thy  father  Anchises — 

Pity  the  dotage  of  Daunus  my  father,  and  merciful  give  me. 

Or,  if  thou  rather  preferest,  my  body  despr>ile<l  of  the  day-light.  935 

Back  to  my  kin.      Thou  hast  conquered;   .Ausonians  saw  me  .     ■  .-hed 

Stretching  my  |xilms  out;  thine  is  I^avinia  now  as  thy  consort 

Press  me  no  longer  in  malice."     .Kneas,  intrepid  in  armor. 

Halted,  and  rolling  his  eyes,  he  repressed  for  a  moment  his  right  hand; 

Yea,  and  alreaily  in  pausing  the  speech  had  l)egun  to  affect  him  940 

More  and  more,  when  ap|x:ared  of  a  sudden,  and  high  on  his  shoulder 

Flashed,  with  its  well-known  studs,  the  unfortunate  bai.dirc  of  youthful 

Pallas,  whom  Turnus  had  conquered,  anil  prostrate  laid  l>y  a  fatal 

Wound,  and  was  flauiuingly  wearing  an  enemy's  badge  on  his  shoulders. 

When  he  has  drunk  wih  his  eyes  the  mementoes  and  relics  of  cruel  945 


258  THE    ^NEID. 

Grief,  he  was  kindled  by  furies,  and  stood  in  the  might  of  his  anger 

Terrible:  "  Shalt  thou  be  hence — thou,  clad  in  the  spoils  of  my  allies — 

Snatched  from  me?     Pallas  by  this  wound,  Pallas  devotes  thee  an  offered 

Victim,  and  takes  from  this  villainous  blood  his  retributive  vengeance." 

Saying  this,  buries  he  deeply  the  steel  in  his  opposite  bosom,  950 

Glowing  with  wrath:  but  the  limbs  of  the  foe  are  relaxed  with  a  tremor, 

And  with  a  groan  his  indignant  life  flees  down  to  the  shadows. 


THE   END. 


J 


GENERAL  LIBRARY    UC   BERKELEY 


mi  II  III  I  111 


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